云计算环境下差别矩阵知识约简算法研究

知识约简是粗糙集理论的重要研究内容之一。经典的差别矩阵知识约简算法只能处理小数据集,而已有的任务并行的知识约简算法是假设所有数据一次性装入内存中,这显然不适合处理海量数据。为此,剖析了差别矩阵元素的特性,根据属性(集)的不可辨识性和云计算技术MapRcducc设计了适合数据并行的差别矩阵,并首次提出了面向大规模数据的差别矩阵知识约简算法。实验结果表明该知识约简算法是有效可行的,且具有较好的可扩展性。     

云计算环境下知识约简算法

知识约简是粗糙集理论的重要研究内容之一.经典的知识约简算法是假设所有数据一次性装入内存中,这显然不适合处理海量数据.为此,从属性(集)的可辨识性和不可辨识性出发,给出了可辨识和不可辨识对象对的概念及其性质,并阐述了它们与差别矩阵的关系.利用MapReduce设计了并行计算等价类的方法,提出了面向大规模数据的数据并行知识...     

基于容差关系的不完备信息系统的属性约简

粗糙集理论是一种处理不确定性知识的有效工具,属性约简是其核心内容之一,然而对于属性值有缺省的不完备信息系统,基于等价关系的经典粗糙集理论已经不再适用。由于容差关系下的不完备信息系统的属性约简的定义与经典粗糙集的属性约简定义相似,可以用容差关系对粗糙集理论进行扩充。文中通过定义容差关系下的可辨识矩阵,运用可辨识方法,得到了一种属性约简算法;接着分析了算法的不足之处,并且在此基础上提出了增加约简效率的改进型算法;最后通过一个数值例子,说明了该算法是合理的和有效的。     

不完备决策表的启发式知识约简算法研究

经典Rough集理论是基于完备信息系统的。然而在实际应用中,由于数据存取或数据处理方面的原因,决策表经常是不完备的,即存在缺值。为了处理不完备信息系统,Kryszkiewicz提出了基于容差关系的Rough集模型。在该模型下进行知识约简时,现有的算法一般都采用构造区分矩阵和相应区分函数的方法。该方法虽然可以求得所有约简,然而业己证明这是一个NP-hard问题,因此实践中更为可行的方法是利用启发式搜索算法求出最优或次最优约简。在文中提出属性的重要性定义,并以此作为启发式信息,设计一种完备的知识约简算法。     

一种基于知识粒度的不完备信息系统的属性约简算法

在不完备信息系统中,通过引入知识粒度的概念,对属性的重要性进行了定义,并以属性重要性为启发式信息,提出一种基于知识粒度的属性约简启发式算法,该算法的时间复杂度是多项式的,最后通过例子说明,该算法能得到不完备信息系统的一个约简。     

基于同可区分度的属性约简算法

从知识区分能力角度提出同可区分度的概念,并对其性质进行分析。利用同可区分度来刻画信息系统中属性的相对重要性,设计了一种基于信息论观点的启发式约简算法。该算法直接对原信息系统进行约简,不需要预处理,且对完备和不完备信息系统都适用,在保证较高约简率的同时使得信息论观点的约简算法在完备信息系统中的最坏时间复杂度降为公式最后用实例说明该算法的高效性。     

基于标记可辨识矩阵的增量式属性约简算法

针对现有增量式属性约简算法中存在的约简传承性差以及不完备现象,提出基于标记可辨识矩阵的增量式属性约简算法.本文首先定义了标记函数,对样本之间的可辨识性进行分类,并将之引入一个新的可辨识矩阵,在新增样本时,结合标记信息可以快速识别可辨识矩阵元素集的异动,获得强传承性的约简超集,在此基础上,设计与标记可辨识矩阵匹配的必要矩阵,用以快速判断并删除冗余属性,确保约简的完备性. 理论分析以及实验测试表明,本算法具有约简传承性强,约简集完备等特点,具有较强的实用性.     

基于辨识矩阵的不完备多粒度约简

面向具有缺失属性值的不完备数据,文中从辨识矩阵的角度构造不完备信息系统和不完备决策系统的多粒度约简结构.首先,讨论基于悲观和乐观多粒度近似的不完备信息系统的约简性质,构造不完备信息系统和不完备决策系统的3种多粒度辨识矩阵.然后,理论性证明通过对构造的辨识矩阵进行析取、合取逻辑运算,可精确得到不完备信息系统和不完备决策系统的所有多粒度近似约简.最后通过实例验证文中多粒度约简方法的有效性和实用性.     

MapReduce框架下并行知识约简算法模型研究

面向大规模数据进行知识约简是近年来粗糙集理论研究热点。经典的知识约简算法是一次性将小数据集装入单机主存中进行约简,无法处理海量数据。深入剖析了知识约简算法中的可并行性;设计并实现了数据和任务同时并行的Map和Reduce函数,用于计算不同候选属性集导出的等价类和属性重要性;构建了一种MapReduce框架下并行知识约简算法模型,用于计算基于正区域、基于差别矩阵或基于信息熵的知识约简算法的一个约简。在Hadoop平台上进行了相关实验,实验结果表明,该并行知识约简算法模型可以高效地处理海量数据集。     

应用粗糙模糊度的不完备信息系统属性约简

粗糙集理论能有效地处理不精确、不一致、不完整等不完全数据信息,可以对数据信息进行分析和推理,发掘隐含知识,揭示潜在规律.属性约简是粗糙集理论的重要研究课题.在现实生活中,由于各种条件限制,信息的不完备现象广泛存在,限制了经典Rough集理论在一些实际问题中的应用.文中引入粗糙模糊度度量,定义了一种新的知识熵.在此基础上,提出了一种基于信息观下粗糙模糊度的不完备信息系统属性约简算法.通过仿真实验说明了该算法的有效性和较好的时间优越性.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.