浅谈CS镀铬液的稳定性

1　前言CS镀铬液的稳定性问题是人们关注的问题之一。作者从生产的稳定性、镀铬液的重金属杂质积累以及CS的添加方式等方面进行了探讨。2　CS镀铬液配方及工艺条件装饰铬硬铬CrO3/g·L- 112 0～ 15 0 12 0～ 15 0H2 SO4 /g·L- 10 .6～ 1.0 0 .6～ 1.0CrO3∶H2 SO4 10 0∶0 .4～ 0 .6 10 0∶0 .6～ 0 .8Cr3+/g·L- 10 .6～ 10 .5～ 2CS 1/g·L- 12 2合金阳极ω(Sn) /% 2 0 2 6 .5Jk/A·dm- 15～ 10 30± 5θ/℃ 2 5～ 4 5 40～ 5 0U/V 3～ 7 4～ 10η/% 2 5沉积速度 /μm·h- 130 (Jk 为30A/dm2 )3　影响CS镀铬液稳定性的因素…     

野核桃青皮中胡桃醌含量测定及抗菌活性研究

采用高效液相色谱法测定野核桃青皮中的胡桃醌含量,检测条件为:紫外检测器(HPLC-VWD),反相色谱柱Geminu 5U C18110A (250 mm×4. 6 mm,5μm),色谱柱温度30℃,流动相为甲醇(A)∶1%醋酸水溶液(B)=55∶45,流速0. 8 m L/min,总进样时间20 min,进样量10μL。结果显示,野核桃青皮中胡桃醌含量为0. 84 mg/g,高于本地泡核桃和云南泡核桃的胡桃醌含量;胡桃醌进样量在3～50μg/m L的范围内线性良好(R2=0. 996 4),胡桃醌3个水平(5,10,15μg/m L)的回收率在80. 66%～109. 21%范围内,RSD <10%,方法便捷、稳定,适用于野核桃青皮中胡桃醌含量测定。抗菌活性研究表明,胡桃醌对马尾松溃疡病菌的EC50为102. 751 mg/L,对核桃枝枯病的EC50为112. 808 mg/L。     

灵芝深层发酵工艺研究

对灵芝的摇床深层培养条件及反应器培养进行了研究.结果表明,最佳发酵培养基为:葡萄糖5%、玉米浆0.3%、豆饼粉1.0%、糖蜜0.6%、KH2PO4·3H2O 0.15%、MgSO4·7H2O 0.075%、三十烷醇1×10-6,初始pH值5.5～6.0.最佳摇瓶发酵条件为:种龄72～96 h、接种量5%、装液量50 mL、摇床转速150 r·min-1、温度28℃、初始pH值5.5～6.0.最佳发酵工艺条件为:温度28℃、搅拌转速150～200 r·min-1、装液量5 L、通风量3～5 L·min-1、初始pH值5.5.发酵工艺经优化后,菌丝体干重可达15.1 g·L-1、胞外粗多糖浓度达780 mg·L-1,分别比优化前提高了15.3%和18.8%.     

高效液相色谱法测试人工革中的偶氮甲酰胺

建立了高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测试人工革中偶氮甲酰胺的含量方法。样品经N,N-二甲基甲酰胺超声萃取,饱和氯化钠溶液盐析,高效液相色谱分离,紫外检测器检测。色谱柱TR C_(18)-A (250 mm×4. 6 mm,5μm),流动相100%纯水,流速1. 0 m L/min,柱温30℃,进样量10μL,检测波长275 nm,外标法定量。本方法线性范围在0～50 mg/L线性良好,线性相关系数0. 9999,回收率在85. 4%～97. 2%,相对标准偏差小于5%,方法检出限10 mg/kg。该方法简单可靠,灵敏度高,重现性好,能很好的应用于人工革中偶氮甲酰胺的检测。     

荧光法测定饮料中邻苯二甲酸二乙酯的含量

塑化剂在塑料材料、食品包装材料、医用材料、个人护理用品等数百种产品中广泛应用。建立了一种简便快速并适用于测定饮料中邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)的方法。DEP能够与罗丹明B形成配合物,使罗丹明B的荧光强度增强。实验结果表明,在p H值7的PBS缓冲溶液中,20℃温度下,SDBS的浓度8×10-5mol/L,PBS用量2 m L,罗丹明B的浓度8×10-6mol/L。方法的线性范围为4. 0×10-6～2. 0×10-5mol/L,相对标准偏差为2. 3%～3. 8%,加标回收率为103%～108%。     

A群脑膜炎球菌多糖原液中苯酚残留量气相色谱检测方法的建立及验证

目的建立A群脑膜炎球菌多糖原液中苯酚残留量气相色谱检测方法,并进行验证。方法采用标准溶液加入法,以乙酸丁酯为萃取剂制备对照品及供试品溶液,采用气相色谱法进行检测,色谱条件为:Agilent DB-WAX[聚乙二醇(PEG)强极性柱30 m×0.25 mm×0.25μm]色谱柱,柱温165℃,进样口温度250℃,检测器温度300℃,流速2 m L/min,载气为氮气,进样分流比5∶1,进样量1μL。对方法的专属性及系统适用性、检测限和定量限、线性范围、精密度、准确度进行验证。采用建立的方法检测9批A群脑膜炎球菌多糖原液苯酚残留量。结果苯酚的保留时间分别为5.046 min,拖尾因子为1.04,与乙酸乙酯的分离度为33.21,理论塔板数大于5 000;检测限为0.535×10-3mg/m L,定量限为1.070×10-3 mg/m L;浓度在4~20μg/m L范围内,与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r)为0.999 9;同一操作人员连续重复检测6次结果的相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.4%,2名试验员不同时间重复检测6次结果的RSD为1.5%;9份加标供试品溶液的回收率为95.8%~100.0%;9批A群脑膜炎球菌多糖原液中苯酚残留量均符合规定。结论建立的A群脑膜炎球菌多糖原液中苯酚残留量气相色谱检测方法,具有良好的重复性及准确性,可用于A群脑膜炎球菌多糖原液中的苯酚残留量检测。     

高效液相色谱法测定戊菌隆在棉花及土壤中残留

试样采用二氯甲烷提取 ,弗罗里硅土和中性氧化铝层析柱净化 ,高效液相色谱仪检测戊菌隆在棉叶、棉籽及土壤中残留量。最小检知量为 5× 10 - 1 0 g ,最低检知浓度 :土壤 0 0 2 5mg/kg ,棉叶、棉籽 0 0 5mg/kg。添加回收率 :土壤 90 5 %～ 90 6 % ,棉籽 87 6 %～ 94 4% ,棉叶 86 5 %～88 8% ;变异系数 :土壤 2 1%～ 3 5 % ,棉籽 2 2 %～ 6 7% ,棉叶 1 1%～ 3 2 %。     

硅藻土精制副产硫酸铝母液合成聚合铝的研究

研究了利用硅藻土精制副产的硫酸铝母液生产聚合铝的工艺。合成PAS的条件为 :反应温度 40～ 5 0℃ ,熟化温度 35～ 5 0℃ ,熟化时间 3～ 5h ,稳定剂PE - 2用量为 4%～ 5 %。合成PAC -S的条件为 :反应温度 5 0～ 6 0℃ ,熟化温度 35～ 5 0℃ ,熟化时间 3～ 5h ,CaCl2 /CaO比为 2 .5∶1～ 3∶1,添加剂A -Ⅰ用量为 6 %～ 8%。合成过程简单 ,成本低。     

一种新型球形纤维素吸附剂的研究

棉花经碱化、老化和磺化得黏胶液 ,再用热溶胶转相法制得球形纤维素珠体。对纤维素珠体进行交联、接枝 ,研制出球形羧基纤维素吸附剂。在黏胶的制备过程中 ,棉与碱的最佳质量比为 1∶1,老化时间 6 0h ,磺化温度 2 3℃、磺化时间 3 0h ,CS2 用量为碱纤维素中纤维素质量的35 6 %。在成球过程中 ,V (黏胶 )∶V(变压器油 ) =(1 0∶3 5 )～ (1 0∶2 0 )。交联的最佳条件为 :交联温度 75℃ ,环氧氯丙烷用量 14mL ,碱液质量分数为 10 %。接枝的主要因素包括丙烯腈浓度 2 95mol/L、Ce4 + 盐浓度 0 0 0 72mol/L、接枝反应时间 1 0h以及接枝反应温度 2 5℃。这种球形纤维素吸附剂在不同溶液 /溶剂中的膨胀系数为 1 0 0～ 1 36 ,能经受 1 2mol/L的HCl和 1 0mol/L的NaOH水溶液 15次的反复处理 ,而且对Cr3 + 、Al3 + 、Cu2 + 、Zn2 + 金属离子的吸附容量分别为 2 8 1、14 6、49 2和 37 3mg/g。     

钛管材尿素气提塔的化学清洗

锦天化年产 5 2万吨尿素装置 ,1 993年 8月投产至今已 9年有余。尿素气提塔 3 0 0Ｅ0 1、低压分解器 3 0 0Ｅ0 3结垢非常严重 ,特别是 3 0 0Ｅ0 1垢层非常致密、坚硬 ,平均垢厚已超过 0 .6ｍｍ ,检测探头只能探入管口附近 ,对传热效果产生很大的影响。当尿素负荷在 2 6 5 0 0～ 2 75 0 0ｍ3(标 ) /ｈ(93 %～ 97% )范围内波动时 ,3 0 0Ｅ0 1出液温度为 2 0 2～ 2 0 3 .5℃ (设计值为 2 0 7～ 2 1 0℃ ) ;低压分解器底部温度 1 2 8～ 1 3 4℃ (设计值为 1 3 8℃ )。若负荷再提高 ,气提塔、低压分解器底部温度还要低。 2 0 0 1年初我厂合成氨装…     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。