多尺度小波分解下的自适应语音消噪算法研究

将小波变换的理论引入到自适应语音消噪系统中,分析了多尺度小波分解下的LMS自适应消噪算法（MSWD-LMS）的原理,该算法将输入向量分解到多尺度空间,减小了自适应滤波器输入向量自相关矩阵的谱动态范围;将变步长LMS算法与多尺度小波变换的思想结合,提出了一种新的小波自适应语音消噪算法（MSWD-VSS-LMS）,新算法既减少了输入向量自相关矩阵条件数,又克服了固定步长LMS算法在收敛速度与收敛精度方面与步长因子μ的矛盾,获得了更好的语音信号处理的收敛速度和稳定性。仿真结果表明新算法取得了较好的效果。     

基于谱减法和变步长LMS语音增强算法

谱减法是目前有效的增强语音信号质量的技术之一,低信噪比下降噪效果明显,而LMS自适应滤波算法收敛速度慢,步长需在收敛速度和失调折中选择。提出了先经过谱减法然后采用变步长LMS自适应滤波算法联合去噪来提高信号质量,通过改变误差的平方项来调节步长,步长采用先固定后变化的原则,兼顾了提高收敛速度和缩小稳态误差。在MATLAB 环境下进行仿真实验,测试结果表明提出的经过基本谱减法后再采用变步长LMS自适应滤波算法能有效消除背景噪声,信噪比SNR和PESQ分值得到了较大的提高,减少了原始语音信号的失真,提高了信号质量。     

一种改进的变步长LMS自适应滤波算法及性能分析

针对现有LMS（Least Mean Square）算法不能同时提高收敛速度及降低稳态误差的矛盾,提出一种改进的变步长LMS算法,建立了步长参数μ(n)与误差信号e(n)之间的一种新的非线性函数关系: 与现有的算法相比,同时引入记忆因子λ和控制函数取值的参数β(n),使当前步长与上一次迭代所得步长及前M个误差的平方相关。理论分析和计算机仿真结果表明,与现有几种常见的LMS算法相比,改进的算法收敛速度和稳态误差的性能指标得到提高。     

一种新的去相关变步长LMS算法及其应用

在一种变步长算法基础上,从语音信号相关性的角度出发,提出了一种新的去相关变步长LMS算法(DCL—NLMS)。该算法结构简单,收敛速度快,稳态失调小,计算量与NLMS算法相当。仿真结果表明,该算法在处理强相关性信号时,不仅收敛速度明显快于其余算法,而且稳态失调特性也有很大优势。     

一种新变步长LMS算法及在自适应波束形成中的应用

LMS算法是智能天线自适应波束形成算法中的经典算法,由于其步长固定,造成收敛速度和稳态失调之间的矛盾。为了解决这一问题,提出一种新的变步长LMS算法,并在算法中引入误差信号的自相关估计,大大降低了噪声的干扰,对算法进行仿真,得到了最优的参数设置。利用蒙特卡罗方法对算法进行了性能评估,与传统的LMS算法、NLMS算法相比,新的变步长LMS算法具有更快的收敛速度和较小的稳态误差及优良的抗噪性能。     

一种快速收敛的变步长自适应谐波检测算法

为解决传统固定步长LMS自适应算法在电网谐波检测中存在的收敛速度和稳态误差之间的矛盾,本文提出了一种快速收敛的变步长自适应谐波检测算法。该算法以误差反馈信号、误差信号在总误差信号中所占的比率以及负载电流的相邻两个采样值之差的和作为自适应反馈量,并通过自适应反馈量的相干平均估计来控制步长的更新;同时对系统权值迭代公式进行改进提高收敛速度;并改传统的固定步长变化范围为时变范围,使步长变化更加平滑。该方法在负载突变的情况下有很好的跟踪性能,可有效的提高初始收敛速度、减小稳态失调。仿真分析及实验证明了该算法在谐波检测中的有效性和准确性。     

一种改进的LMS算法及其在噪声对消中的应用

在分析传统定步长LMS(Least Mean Square)算法和变步长LMS算法的基础上,提出了一种改进的变步长LMS算法.新算法利用瞬时误差绝对值三次方的指数形式和遗忘因子同时调整步长,更好地解决了收敛速度和稳态误差的矛盾.将三种算法均用到噪声对消中进行比较,仿真结果表明:新算法收敛速率优于传统定步长LMS算法和变步长LMS算法.     

一种改进变步长LMS算法的性能研究

在对传统LMS算法、变步长LMS算法及其改进算法分析的基础上,提出了一种改进的变步长LMS算法。新算法通过建立步长因子与误差信号之间的非线性函数关系,使其初始阶段和时变阶段步长自适应增大和稳态阶段步长很小,理论分析及计算机的仿真结果表明,该算法可保证较快的收敛速度和较小的失调,能更好地解决收敛速度和稳态误差的内在矛盾,可更好地应用于自适应系统中。     

低信噪比下基于新型变步长LMS的自适应滤波算法

为了提高现有的变步长LMS算法在低信噪比环境下的滤波性能,提出了一种新的变步长LMS自适应滤波算法。该算法利用加入补偿项的误差相关值估计与前一时刻步长因子的组合来调节步长,提高算法的抗噪声干扰能力和收敛速度;并将步长因子的传统固定约束范围改为动态约束范围,使步长变化趋于平滑,降低系统的失调误差;同时对系统的权向量迭代公式进行更新,提高了算法的输入范围。从理论分析和仿真实验两方面可以看出,新算法与现有的变步长算法及标准LMS算法相比,在信噪比较低的条件下收敛速率、抗扰能力、稳态失调噪声方面都有很大的改善,证明所提算法是有效、可行的。     

改进的变步长最小均方误差电子耳蜗语音增强算法

针对外部强噪声环境下电子耳蜗语音质量受损、适应性差等问题,提出了基于谱减法和变步长最小均方误差（LMS）自适应滤波算法联合去噪的改进方法,并以该方法构建了一个电子耳蜗前端语音预处理系统。利用变步长LMS自适应滤波算法输出误差的平方项来调节步长,采用步长值固定与变化相结合的方法,解决了自适应滤波算法收敛速度慢、稳态误差大的问题,适应性得到提高,提高了语音信号通信质量。该系统以TMS320VC5416和音频编解码芯片TLV320AIC23B为核心,通过多通道缓冲串口（McBSP）和串行外设接口（SPI）实现了语音数据的高速采集和实时处理。实验仿真和测试结果表明该算法消除噪声性能好,信噪比在低输入信噪比情况下提高约10 dB,语音质量感知评价（PESQ）分值也得到较大提高,能有效提高语音信号质量,且该系统性能稳定,能进一步提高耳蜗前端语音的清晰度和可懂度。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.