微细电解加工实验研究

采用基于电化学腐蚀法制作直径80μm、长度3000μm的微细电极,分别使用微细圆柱电极和微细螺旋电极进行了加工实验,实验研究丧明微细螺旋电极在孔和槽的加工中比微细圆柱电极具有更快的加工速度以及更小的加工间隙.螺旋结构在加工中有助于排出加工间隙内电解产物,显著地提高了加工效率、加工精度及加工过程的稳定性.     

阳极振动辅助微细电解线切割技术

在微细电解线切割加工过程中,工具线电极与工件之间的加工间隙在微米量级,因此,电解加工产物的及时输运是微细电解线切割加工中极为关键的问题。提出在线电极进行轴向往复运动的同时叠加阳极低频微幅振动的方法,促进加工间隙内产物排出,提高加工精度与加工稳定性。探讨加工间隙内电解产物影响微细电解线切割加工精度的机理,研究线电极往复运动条件下阳极振动对加工间隙内产物排出效率的影响。试验结果表明提高阳极的振动频率和振动幅值可以改善微细电解线切割的加工精度和加工稳定性;阳极叠加振动较阳极无振动的切缝更宽、更均匀。采用优化参数加工出宽度4.28 μm的微缝、微槽以及方螺旋结构。     

高频窄脉冲微细电解加工实验研究

加工间隙是电解加工的核心工艺参数,利用在45钢薄片上打微细孔,通过实验分析来探索高频、窄脉冲微细电解加工中频率、电压和电解液浓度对加工间隙及电极截面和加工稳定性的影响规律。     

微细孔电解加工控制方法及试验研究

基于微细电解加工的特点，介绍了一种微细电解加工系统。该系统能够将加工间隙控制到几微米到几十微米的范围内。根据电解加工以离子形式对材料去除的特性，进行微细电极、微细群电极的制备研究，并将其用于微细孔、群孔的加工中。试验分析了各工艺参数如电压、溶液浓度、加工间隙、进给速度等对微细孔电解加工精度的影响。结果表明，微细电解加工的侧面间隙随着加工电压的降低、溶液浓度的减小、脉宽变窄和初始加工间隙的减小而减小，改善了加工的定域性，加工精度得到提高。     

窄细槽分段速进给电解加工方法研究

针对小间隙电解加工过程中极间间隙不稳定导致加工效率低下甚至发生短路等问题,以窄细槽电解加工过程为研究对象,提出自适应于工件蚀除速度的电极进给分段速加工方法。建立极间电流与加工深度之间的理论关系模型,采用单因素实验法对理论模型进行修正,使其反映实际加工过程。依据电解过程中深度与电流的变化规律,建立电极进给速度实时修正方程,实现电解过程不同进给速度段的划分。采用速度线性矢量混合算法,构建速度控制方程,实现各段速间的平稳过渡,保证电极进给速度变化时极间电流的稳定。实验结果表明,分段速进给控制方法能有效避免小间隙电解过程中由于进给速度与工件蚀除速度不匹配而导致的短路现象,有效保证窄细槽电解加工效率与轮廓精度。     

大长宽比微细槽的微细电解铣削实验研究

为了提高大长宽比微细槽电解加工的稳定性和加工精度,在304不锈钢薄板上进行了微细槽的电解铣削加工正交实验,并利用极差值法分析了加工电压、脉冲宽度和进给速度等对侧面加工间隙的影响程度大小,并得到工艺参数的优化组合,在此基础上进行了大长宽比微细槽的电解铣削加工。结果表明:在该工艺条件下,加工过程稳定,加工精度较好,可重复性较高。     

窄缝精密电解加工的实验研究

通过在理论上分析窄缝电解加工中片状电极和丝状电极对加工间隙和流场分布的影响,提出了采用小直径丝状电极提高加工精度和改善加工稳定性的方法。文中分别进行了片状电极和丝状电极之间、不同直径丝状电极之间的窄缝电解加工对比试验。结果表明,小直径丝状电极可以减小电解液流过电极丝产生的涡流死水区,改善加工区内的电解液更新和电解产物的排除,提高加工精度和加工过程的稳定性。     

微螺旋电极在改善微细电解加工性能中的应用

改善电解加工的精度和稳定性是微细电解加工中一个重要的研究课题。本文详细分析了影响电解加工性能的因素,电解液采用混合电解液(NaC lO3+H2SO4),工具电极为带有螺旋槽的微螺旋电极。在微螺旋槽旋转所形成的“微螺杆泵”效应作用下,蚀除加工间隙内的产物,加工效率、加工精度和稳定性得到了极大的提高。     

阳极振动往复运丝微细电解线切割试验研究

电解加工产物的及时输运是微细电解线切割加工中亟待解决的问题。提出通过线电极往复运动和工件低频振动共同强化加工间隙内传质过程来提高微细电解线切割的切缝质量的方法;构建了线电极往复运丝、工件振动的微细电解线切割试验系统;采用正交试验方法,分析了线电极运丝幅值、运丝频率、工件振动幅值和振动频率4个因素对切缝平均宽度和切缝轮廓均匀性影响的主次和趋势,并筛选出了优化的线电极运丝和工件振动参数;采用优化参数加工出了结构清晰、完整的微梁结构。     

镍基高温合金微细电解铣削加工实验研究

针对高深宽比、复杂结构的微型腔,提出了分层电解铣削的工艺。在三轴联动微细加工平台上制作了柱状的微细电极,并在镍基高温合金上进行了微细电解铣削加工实验。研究了加工电压、脉冲参数、不同电极直径对加工精度的影响规律,成功地加工出二维结构和三维型腔。该工艺加工精度高、加工稳定性好。     

Machine learning induction of a model for online parameter selection in EDM rough machining

In electrical discharge machining (EDM), appropriate average current in the gap has to be selected for the given machining surface in order to obtain the highest material removal rate at low electrode wear. Thus, rough machining parameters have to be selected according to the machining surface. In the case of sculptured features, the machining surface varies with the depth of machining. Hence, the machining parameters have to be selected on-line to obtain appropriate current density in the gap. In this paper, inductive machine learning is used to derive a model based on the voltage and current in the gap. The sufficient inputs to the model are only two discharge attributes extracted from the voltage signal in the gap. The model successfully selects between two machining parameter settings that obtain different average surface current in the gap. It requires only voltage signal acquisition during the machining process and a simple algorithm that is easy to implement on industrial machines.     

An experimental investigation on machining parameters of AISI D2 steel using WEDM

The performance of the wire electrodischarge machining (WEDM) machining process largely depends upon the selection of the appropriate machining variables. Optimization is one of the techniques used in manufacturing sectors to arrive for the best manufacturing conditions, which are essential for industries toward manufacturing of quality products at lowest cost. As there are many process variables involved in the WEDM machining process, it is difficult to choose a proper combination of these process variables in order to maximize material removal rate and to minimize tool wear and surface roughness. The objective of the this work is to investigate the effects of process variables like pulse on time, pulse off time, peak current, servo voltage, and wire feed on material removal rate (MRR), surface roughness (SR), gap voltage, gap current, and cutting rate in the WEDM machining process. The experiment has been done using Taguchi’s orthogonal array L27 (3⁵). Each experiment was conducted under different conditions of input parameters and statistically evaluated the experimental data by analysis of variance (ANOVA) using MINITAB and Design Expert tools. The present work also aims to develop mathematical models for correlating the inter-relationships of various WEDM machining parameters and performance parameters of machining on AISI D2 steel material using response surface methodology (RSM).The significant machining parameters and the optimal combination levels of machining parameters associated with performance parameters were also drawn. The observed optimal process parameter settings based on composite desirability (61.4 %) are pulse on time 112.66 μs, pulse off time 45 μs, spark gap voltage 46.95 V, wire feed 2 mm/min, peak current of 99.99 A for achieving maximum MRR, gap current, gap voltage, cutting rate, and minimum SR; finally, the results were experimentally verified.     

WEDM-HS高效率低损耗加工技术的研究

分析了WEDM-HS(高速走丝电火花线切割机床)加工中,电流阶梯波脉冲对优化极间放电能量分配的作用,研究了脉冲上升沿斜率对提高加工效率和降低电极损耗的影响。设计出单片机电流斜率控制脉冲电源,进行了一系列加工试验,确定了优化的高效率低损耗加工参数。     

Research of micro EDM/ECM method in same electrolyte with running wire tool electrode

A micro rod machining method which can switch between electrical discharge machining (EDM) and electrochemical machining (ECM) by attaching/detaching a diode to/from a bipolar pulse generator in parallel to the working gap was newly developed using a wire electrode made of tungsten. The problem of the wire electrode wear was eliminated by the use of the wire electrochemical turning (WECT) method in which the tungsten wire electrode is continuously running. The ultra-short bipolar pulse current was generated by the electrostatic induction feeding method where a pulse voltage is coupled to the working gap through a feeding capacitance. The machining characteristics of three types of wire guide; disk-shaped WC guide, laminated wire guide and cylindrical acrylic guide, were studied. The experimental results showed that the cylindrical acrylic guide has the best machining characteristics without the influence of guide wear and with less stray current flowing through the working gap. Using the cylindrical acrylic guide, the influences of the feeding capacitance C₁, and the total amplitude of the pulse voltage on the machining characteristics were studied. Finally, a stainless steel SUS 304 micro-rod with a high aspect ratio of 14 was fabricated efficiently by using the EDM and ECM modes for rough and finish machining in sequence with the same setup, pulse generator, and neutral electrolyte.     

PCI-9846高速数字化仪在电火花放电特性测试中的应用

针对电火花放电间隙状态变化特性的检测与分析等问题,利用凌华PCI-9846四通道高速数字化仪建立了测量系统,讨论了电火花加工放电间隙放电特性测量方案,测量了不同加工状态下放电间隙两端的电压波形和电流波形,分析了空载、正常火花放电、过渡电弧放电和短路等不同加工状态下的电压波形特征及其特征参数。研究结果表明,正常火花放电、过渡电弧放电和短路等不同加工状态下间隙电压的阈值范围不同,且与加工电流有关;在设计伺服控制器时,应根据电源电压、加工电流、工件材料等来动态修正电压阈值。     

基于电流信号的电解加工间隙在线检测试验研究

为了实时检测加工间隙,以某型航空发动机涡轮转子叶片为研究对象,把电解加工的电流作为研究参数,针对平面、斜面和叶片型面三种阴极进行试验加工,用最小二乘多变元线性拟合法,分别建立平面、斜面阴极加工电流与加工间隙之间的关系式,用叶片型面加工数据对建立的关系式进行检验和修正,得到最终的修正关系式,分析关系式参数的变换关系,得出在±15%的误差范围内关系式可用于在线检测加工间隙的结论。     

Detection of the eroding surface in the EDM process based on the current signal in the gap

To achieve a high removal rate and low electrode wear in a sinking electrical discharge machining process (EDM), rough machining parameters have to be selected according to the size of the eroding surface. In general, the size of the eroding surface varies according to the depth of the machining. Thus, it has to be determined on-line. This paper shows that the electric current signal in the gap depends on the size of the eroding surface. The significance of the process attributes of the electric current signal is established by inductive machine learning and the general decision rules are derived. The size of the eroding surface can be detected on-line by monitoring and evaluating the electric current signal in the gap.     

Micro wire electrochemical machining with an axial electrolyte flow

Micro wire electrochemical machining is a useful technique to produce high-aspect-ratio slit micro-structures. To improve processing stability, the axial electrolyte flow is adopted to renew electrolytes in the machining gap. A wire electrochemical micro-machining system with an axial electrolyte flow unit is developed. A mathematical model of tool feed rate is presented. To investigate the influence of electrolyte flow on processing stability and machining efficiency, comparative experiments were carried out. The influence of applied voltage and electrolyte concentration on machining accuracy is studied and the parameters such as electrolyte flow rate and applied voltage are optimized. Low initial machining gap is applied to decrease the stray current machining in the initial machining period. With the optimal parameters, the high-aspect-ratio micro spline and curved flow channel with the slit width of 160?μm have been fabricated on 5-mm-thick stainless steel (0Cr18Ni9). The width of the slit is uniform and the aspect ratio is 31.     

A Study on Electrochemical Micromachining for Fabrication of Microgrooves in an Air-Lubricated Hydrodynamic Bearing

A specially built electrochemical micromachining/pulsed electrochemical micromachining (EMM/PECM) cell, a electrode tool filled with non-conducting material, a electrolyte flow control system and a small and stable gap control unit, are developed to achieve accurate dimensions for spindle recesses. Two electrolytes, aqueous sodium nitrate and aqueous sodium chloride are applied in this study. The former electrolyte has better machinability than the latter because of its ability to change appropriately to the transpassive state without forming pits on the surface of the workpiece. It is easier to control the machining depth precisely by micrometer with pulse current than direct current. This paper also presents an identification method for the machining depth by the in-process analysis of the machining current and interelectrode gap size. The interelectrode gap characteristics, including pulse current, effective volumetric electrochemical equivalent and electrolyte conductivity variations, are analysed, based on the model and experiments. ID="A1"Correspondance and offprint requests to: E.-S. Lee, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, 253, Yonghyun-Dong, Nam-Gu, Incheon, 402–751, Korea. E-mail: leees@inha.ac.kr