TiO2/Bi2WO6复合光催化剂的制备及光催化性能研究

TiO₂/Bi₂WO₆异质结是当前最具潜力的一种可见光响应半导体光催化剂。以富含缺陷的TiO2纳米带为基体,采用水热法,诱导Bi2WO6在基体缺陷位点进行异质生长,从而合成具有异质结构的TiO₂/Bi₂WO₆复合材料。利用XRD、SEM、UV-Vis等技术,分析了基体表面缺陷、Bi2WO6负载量对TiO₂/Bi₂WO₆复合材料微观结构和性能的影响。结果表明,在基体表面引入缺陷,可以使TiO₂/Bi₂WO₆复合材料在可见光下对有机污染物Rh B的降解速率提高约50%。Bi2WO6负载量为0.12时的TiO₂/Bi₂WO₆复合材料,在可见光下,辐照6 min后对Rh B的降解率达99.3%,辐照30 min后对MB的降解率达99.7%,辐照15 min后对TC-HCl的降解率达87.7%。     

Ag/TiO2纳米粒子的制备及其光催化降解苯酚的性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO₂和Ag/TiO₂纳米粒子,采用涂覆法制备了TiO₂和Ag/TiO₂纳米粒子光催化剂基板样品。使用XRD、SEM和拉曼光谱等手段,对TiO₂和Ag/TiO₂纳米粒子进行了晶格结构和表面形貌研究;通过UV-Vis,研究了TiO₂和Ag/TiO₂纳米粒子光催化剂基板样品在光催化反应器中对苯酚的光催化降解性能。结果表明,制备的TiO₂和Ag/TiO₂纳米粒子均为纯净的金红石相,二者表面形貌并没有明显区别,Ag单质粒子成功负载在TiO₂纳米材料上;Ag单质粒子的负载,明显增强了TiO₂纳米粒子对可见光的吸收,且Ag/TiO₂纳米粒子薄膜对苯酚的光催化降解性能明显优于TiO₂纳米粒子薄膜;在光催化降解1 h后,TiO₂纳米粒子薄膜仅催化降解了溶液中30%(质量分数)的苯酚,且光催化降解出现了饱和趋势,而Ag/TiO₂纳米粒子薄膜可催化降解溶液中50%(质量分数)的苯酚,且在光催化降解3 h后,仍未出现饱和趋势。     

纳米TiO_2-WO_3复合涂层及纳米TiO_2/WO_3叠层涂层的制备及性能

为了解决电子池材料改性TiO2涂层暗态下无阴极保护作用的问题,用溶胶-凝胶法及浸渍提拉技术在304不锈钢表面制备了纳米TiO2-WO3复合涂层与纳米TiO2/WO3叠层涂层,用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)研究了2种涂层的表面形貌、成分,并用电化学方法研究了2种涂层的光阴极保护特性及耐腐蚀性能。结果表明:2种涂层表面均连续均匀,由Ti,W,O,C组成;紫外光照1 h时2种涂层均对304不锈钢有一定的光阴极保护作用,闭光后纳米TiO2/WO3叠层涂层的延时阴极保护作用远好于纳米TiO2-WO3复合涂层;2种涂层均对304不锈钢有防腐蚀作用,紫外光照射时纳米TiO2-WO3复合涂层的防腐蚀性比纳米TiO2/WO3叠层涂层的好。     

Porous SrTiO3 spheres with enhanced photocatalytic performance

Porous SrTiO₃ spheres were successfully synthesized by a convenient hydrothermal method, employing SrCl₂ as Sr source and titanate nanotube as Ti precursor. In this reaction, when short titanate nanotube was used as Ti precursor, porous SrTiO₃ spheres were generated for the aggregation of the nanotube@SrTiO₃ heteronanostructure. Whereas long titanate nanowire was used as the Ti precursor, solid SrTiO₃ spheres were obtained due to the SrTiO₃ which grows up gradually on the titanate nanowire. The morphology and the pore size of the SrTiO₃ sphere structures can be easily controlled by simply adjusting the reaction time, reaction temperature and the Ti precursor. The porous SrTiO₃ spheres exhibited enhanced photocatalytic activity which could achieve 100% degradation of Rhodamine B with a UV irradiation for 20 min.     

电化学制备石墨烯/纳米TiO2复合材料及光催化性能

在恒定直流下,采用高纯石墨棒为原料,混合无机酸溶液为电解液,采用一步电化学剥离法制备石墨烯（G）,所制备的G可稳定分散在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）溶液中。以钛酸丁脂和G为前驱物,采用溶胶-凝胶法在N₂氛围和高温加热下制备出G/nano TiO₂复合光催化材料;利用XRD、FTIR、紫外-可见分光光度计（UV-Vis）、XPS、SEM和TEM等技术对G和G/nano TiO₂复合材料进行了结构性能及微观形态表征。以3,5-二硝基水杨酸（DNS）为探针物,研究了在缺氧的水体中G/nano TiO₂不同投加量的光催化效率与DNS降解机制。结果表明：采用恒压一步电化学剥离法所制备的G层与层之间剥离程度良好,片层通透性较高,六碳环上生成的含氧活性基团较少,G共轭π键结构保持良好;所制备的G/nano TiO₂复合材料中TiO₂结晶良好,颗粒紧密结合,且被固定在有褶皱的G上;降解实验发现,G/nano TiO₂复合材料具有降解DNS良好性能,且投加量对其光催化活性有直接的影响;在缺氧状态下,DNS主要发生光催化还原反应,使苯环上的硝基还原成氨基,生成5-氨基水杨酸和苯三酚等中间产物,部分发生光催化氧化反应,生成CO₂和H₂O。     

介孔电气石/TiO2复合材料的制备及其模拟太阳光光催化性能

采用一步溶胶-凝胶共缩合结合溶剂热合成技术制备出一系列介孔电气石/TiO₂复合材料,表征了复合材料的相结构、形貌、孔隙率、光吸收性质以及组成结构.结果表明:制备的电气石/TiO₂复合材料具有纯锐钛矿晶相、均匀的介孔结构、较大的比表面积(205~242 m²·g^-1)、均匀的孔径分布(3.4~3.8 nm)以及较低的带隙能(3.0 eV).在模拟太阳光照射下,电气石/TiO₂复合材料可以被成功地应用于水中有机污染物罗丹明B和诺氟沙星的降解.降解动力学研究表明:电气石的掺杂提高了TiO₂的光催化量子效率,降低了TiO₂的带隙能.对罗丹明B的降解,电气石掺杂量为1wt%~5wt%的电气石/TiO₂复合材料表现出比纯TiO₂更高的降解速率,对诺氟沙星的降解,电气石/TiO₂复合材料的降解速率高于纯TiO₂的.     

TiO2/Ti3C2Tx复合材料的制备及其杂化电容脱盐特性的研究

人口的快速增长和工业经济迅猛发展导致全球淡水资源短缺,对海水和苦咸水进行淡化是解决淡水资源短缺的有效方法.本工作通过直接煅烧Ti3C2Tx制备了TiO2/Ti3C2Tx复合材料,并研究了基于TiO2/Ti3C2Tx复合电极的杂化电容脱盐特性(Hybrid capacitive deionization,HCDI).研究...     

Preparation and visible-light photocatalytic activity of In2S3/TiO2 composite

A novel In₂S₃/TiO₂ composite with visible-light photocatalytic activity was prepared by a chemical precipitation method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope and UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Under both UV- and visible-light irradiation, the In₂S₃/TiO₂ composite shows good photocatalytic activity to degrade methyl orange, ascribed to the absorption of visible light by In₂S₃ sensitizer and enhanced separation of photoinduced electron–hole pairs in the composite semiconductors.     

锐钛矿型TiO2 / MnFe2O4 核壳结构复合纳米颗粒的制备及其光催化特性

采用柠檬酸盐前驱体技术, 合成了粒径约为20～70 nm 的尖晶石结构MnFe₂O₄ 纳米颗粒, 用聚乙烯亚胺( PEI) 对MnFe₂O₄ 纳米颗粒进行表面处理后, 以异丙醇钛为前驱物, 采用sol2gel 法在纳米MnFe₂O₄ 表面包覆锐钛矿型TiO₂ 纳米层形成核壳结构。利用透射电子显微镜( TEM) 、X射线衍射仪(XRD) 和振动样品磁强计等测试手段对样品的结构、形貌、粒径以及磁学性能等进行了表征。采用罗丹明B 的光催化降解反应对所制催化剂的活性进行了评价。结果表明, 核壳结构TiO₂ / MnFe₂O₄ 复合纳米颗粒的光催化活性随着壳层厚度的增加而增强,当达到一定厚度以后, 其催化活性不随壳层厚度的增加而改变。复合颗粒中TiO₂ 含量达到30 wt % , 反应时间4 h时, TiO₂ / MnFe₂O₄ 磁性光催化剂对罗丹明B 的光降解率达到100 % , 与纯TiO₂ 纳米粉体的催化活性相当, 且光催化活性稳定, 是一种便于回收、可重复使用的高效光催化剂。      

稀土La3+掺杂TiO2纳米线的制备及其性能研究

采用水热法制备了钛酸钠纳米线、TiO2纳米线和La3+/TiO2纳米线。利用XRD、SEM、HREM、XPS和UV-Vis等技术手段对样品微观结构、光学性能和表面元素价态进行了分析;并以甲基橙溶液为目标污染物测试其光催化性能。研究表明,实验合成了直径为50～200nm、长度为十几微米到几十微米的钛酸钠纳米线,并通过对微观结构的分析,初步确定其分子式为Na2Ti3O7,钛酸钠纳米线经过氢离子和镧离子进行离子交换并高温烧结得到了TiO2纳米线和La3+/TiO2纳米线;钛酸钠纳米线对甲基橙溶液几乎没有光催化降解作用,而TiO2纳米线具有较高的光催化活性,其中样品La3+/TiO2纳米线光催化性能最强。     

柱状晶形貌TiO2膜厚对FTO/TiO2镀膜玻璃光催化活性影响

采用溶胶凝胶法,在FTO(SnO2:F)低辐射镀膜玻璃衬底上制备了柱状晶体结构的TiO2薄膜,获得双层结构FTO/TiO2镀膜玻璃样品.研究了TiO2薄膜厚度对FTO/TiO2镀膜玻璃样品的光催化活性、低辐射性能以及透光性能的影响.结果表明,FTO/TiO2镀膜玻璃样品光催化活性随着TiO2薄膜厚度的增加先升高后下降,在TiO2薄膜厚度为300 nm时光催化活性最佳;低辐射性能随着TiO2薄膜厚度的增加而下降,但TiO2薄膜厚度为300 nm时仍然具备一定的低辐射性能;透光性能与TiO2薄膜膜厚的关系不大,可见光透射比保持在72%左右;表面平均粗糙度约为1 nm,表面光滑,不易沾染油污灰尘.该镀膜玻璃在保证低辐射建筑节能和透光的前提下,兼具光催化自清洁功能,具有很好的应用前景.     

MgTiO3/MgTi2O5/TiO2 heterogeneous belt-junctions with high photocatalytic hydrogen production activity

An effective photocatalytic hydrogen production catalyst comprising MgTiO₃/MgTi₂O₅/TiO₂ heterogeneous belt-junctions was prepared using magnesium ions by a thermally driven doping method. The tri-phase heterogeneous junction was confirmed by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and high-resolution TEM (HRTEM). The as-prepared MgTiO₃/MgTi₂O₅/TiO₂ heterojunctions exhibited a very high photocatalytic hydrogen production activity (356.1 mol·g_0.1gcat·h^-1) and an apparent quantum efficiency (50.69% at 365 nm) that is about twice of that of bare TiO² nanobelts (189.4 mol·g_0.1gcat·h^-1). Linear sweep voltage and transient photocurrent characterization as well as analysis of the electrochemical impedance spectra and Mott–Schottky plots revealed that the high photocatalytic performance is caused by the one-dimensional structure, which imparts excellent charge transportation characteristic, and the MgTiO₃/MgTi₂O₅/TiO₂ tri-phase heterojunction, which effectively drives the charge separation through the inherent electric field. This titanate-based tri-phase heterogeneous junction photocatalyst further enriches the catalyst system for photocatalytic hydrogen production.

     

一步水热合成Sm3+-SrTiO3/TiO2复合纳米纤维及可见光催化性能

以电纺TiO₂纳米纤维为基体和反应物,通过一步水热法,将SrTiO₃原位构筑在TiO₂纳米纤维表面的同时将稀土Sm³⁺掺入SrTiO₃中,合成了Sm³⁺-SrTiO₃/TiO₂复合纳米纤维光催化材料.利用XRD、XPS、FESEM和HRTEM等测试手段对样品进行了表征.以罗丹明B和对氯苯酚模拟有机污染物进行光催化降解.结果表明：稀土Sm³⁺掺杂进入SrTiO₃晶格取代Sr²⁺,在SrTiO₃禁带内形成杂质能级,拓宽了光谱响应范围;同时在SrTiO₃晶格内引入了缺陷位,成为电子的捕获中心,降低了载流子的复合几率;而SrTiO₃与TiO₂复合形成异质结,进一步提高了光生电子-空穴的分离程度,Sm³⁺-SrTiO₃/TiO₂复合纳米纤维表现出良好的可见光催化活性。     

Pt纳米颗粒负载SrTiO3/TiO2异质结结构制备及制氢性能

本文以固定n(Sr)/n(Ti)摩尔比0.4的SrTiO_3/TiO_2(金红石相)异质结纳米颗粒,通过"光催化还原沉积方法"制备不同质量分数的纳米铂颗粒(0、1%、2%、5%),探究其催化活性的变化,采用XRD、SEM、UV-vis、XPS方法对其进行表征,并做了相关光催化分解水产氢性能测试.结果表明:负载贵金属Pt纳米颗粒量越大,对应的Pt晶粒平均尺寸为40.8 nm,1%Pt纳米颗粒SrTiO_3/TiO_2异质结构的BET比表面积在23.195 m~2/g处最高,并且介孔材料的特征是平均Barrett-Joyner-Halenda(BJH)孔径为13.60 nm,总孔体积为0.079 cm~3/g;高BET表面积和大的总孔体积强烈地支持SrTiO_3/TiO_2具有介孔结构的事实;相应的催化剂催化活性越高,其中负载5%Pt纳米颗粒的SrTiO_3/TiO_2纳米颗粒光催化8 h产氢量为3.574 mmol,平均产氢效率为0.447 mmol/(gcat·h),但从性价比的角度来考虑,其催化效率远不及负载1%Pt纳米颗粒的SrTiO_3/TiO_2纳米颗粒催化效率的5倍,因此负载5%Pt的SrTiO_3/TiO_2纳米颗粒光催化效率最高.     

石墨烯/纳米TiO2复合材料的制备及其光催化性能

以氧化石墨烯（GO）和钛酸四丁酯（Ti（OBu）₄）作为初始反应物,采用乙醇溶剂热法合成了石墨烯/纳米TiO₂复合材料,并利用XRD、FE-SEM、TEM、RAMAN和XPS等手段对石墨烯/纳米TiO₂复合材料的晶体结构、形貌及元素形态等性质进行了表征,同时将复合材料应用于光催化降解甲基橙溶液,进行光催化性能评价。结果表明：Ti（OBu）₄在乙醇溶剂中通过化学静电引力吸附到GO表面,经过溶剂热反应,GO被还原成石墨烯的同时,石墨烯的表面负载生长锐钛矿TiO₂颗粒。随着溶剂热反应时间的延长,GO表面的活性基团减少,还原更加彻底,同时TiO₂晶粒有一定的增大趋势;与纯TiO₂相比,石墨烯/纳米TiO₂复合材料光催化活性明显提高,石墨烯含量对复合材料的光催化活性有直接的影响。     

热处理温度对TiO2/SiO2复合气凝胶光催化性能的影响

采用溶胶–凝胶法在常压下经不同温度热处理制备了TiO2/SiO2复合气凝胶光催化剂,利用XRD、TGA和BET等手段对其微观结构进行表征,以甲基橙溶液光催化降解实验评价其光催化性能,研究了热处理温度对TiO2/SiO2复合气凝胶的微观结构及光催化性能影响规律.结果表明:随着热处理温度升高,TiO2/SiO2复合气凝胶中锐钛矿结晶度升高,晶粒尺寸增大,比表面积减小,使TiO2/SiO2复合气凝胶对甲基橙溶液的光催化降解活性呈现先升后降的变化趋势.当热处理温度为700℃左右,紫外光照20 min TiO2/SiO2复合气凝胶对甲基橙溶液的降解率达到95.4%.     

Nanoscale ZnS/TiO2 composites: Preparation, characterization, and visible-light photocatalytic activity

Photoactive ZnS/TiO₂ nanocomposites were prepared via microemulsion-mediated solvothermal method. The structure, composition, physicochemical property, and morphology of the composites were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman scattering studies, UV diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV/DRS), photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It showed that the composites were cube-shaped with particle sizes of 10 to 15 nm, and the phase structure for ZnS and TiO₂ in the composites was cubic and anatase, respectively. The content of the ZnS in the composites was 2.1%, 10.7%, and 19.9%, respectively. Compared with the solitary anatase TiO₂, the ZnS/TiO₂ exhibited enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity for the aqueous parathion-methyl degradation. Factors including the interactions between the phases of ZnS and TiO₂, strong adsorption of the substrate at the surface of the ZnS/TiO₂ nanocomposites, and preassociation of the substrate and composites are responsible for this enhancement photocatalytic activity.     

Synthesis,characterization, antibacterial and photocatalytic performance of Ag/AgI/TiO2 hollow sphere composites

Dispersed TiO₂ hollow spheres were successfully prepared which was obtained via Ostwald ripening under solvothermal conditions without any templates or surfactants. Then, the AgI/TiO₂ was synthesized by the deposition−precipitation process. Finally, Ag/AgI/TiO₂ was obtained by a photocatalytic reduction way. Their characteristics were analyzed by XRD, SEM, HRTEM, N₂ adsorption−desorption measurements and UV-vis absorption spectra. To demonstrate the potential applications of such composites, their antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli) was studied by microcalorimetry for the first time, and their photocatalytic performance for degradation of different organic dyes under simulated UV and visible light was discussed. The results indicated that Ag/AgI/TiO₂ hollow spheres revealed elevated antibacterial and photocatalytic activity because of their unique morphology, hollow structure and high surface area. The mechanism of the excellent antibacterial and photocatalytic activity of Ag/AgI/TiO₂ hollow spheres are discussed which are attributed to the synergetic effect of Ag, AgI and TiO₂. It suggested that the new Ag/AgI/TiO₂ photocatalyst has broad application prospects in solar cell, sensor, antibacterial, catalysis and nanotechnology.     

Influence of temperature on preparing mesoporous mixed phase N/TiO2 nanocomposite with enhanced solar light photocatalytic activity

Nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide (N/TiO₂) nanophotocatalysts were successfully synthesized in the presence of environmentally benign nitrogen dopant source, guanidinium chloride, by the sol–gel method. The effect of calcination temperature (300–600 °C) on their physicochemical properties was investigated by means XRD, XPS, FESEM, HRTEM, Raman spectroscopy, UV-vis DRS, PL and BET. Moreover, their photocatalytic activities were evaluated against rhodamine B (RhB) degradation under direct sun light. Results showed that the crystal phase of spheroidal N/TiO₂ nanoparticles was changed from anatase (300 °C) to rutile (600 °C) via an intermediate anatase/rutile (A/R) mixed phase (400–500 °C), and the RhB photodegradation performance was increased with the decrease of the calcination temperature. Notably, N/TiO₂ prepared at 400 °C demonstrated the best degradation performance (99%) after 5 h irradiation. The enhanced performance with high photostability was mainly attributed to its higher surface area and pore volume, stronger light absorption, and lower recombination rate. Such nanomaterials have practical applications for environmental remediation.     

TiO2/C纳米复合材料的制备及其电化学性能研究

以球状钛乙醇酸盐为TiO2前驱体,葡萄糖作碳源,通过水热法制得φ(300～400)nm的TiO2/C复合纳米微球.葡萄糖的浓度对产物的形貌、结构、碳含量有重要影响,进而影响产物的电化学性能.当碳含量为7wt%时,TiO2/C纳米复合材料的晶粒大小、BET比表面积、平均孔径分别为7.1 nm、157 m2/g和5.2 nm;该材料用作锂离子电池负极材料时,在0.2C的电流密度下循环80次后的嵌锂容量为160 mAh/g,并且具有较好的倍率性能.