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Nature-based solutions can help build resilience in urban landscapes. New governance arrangements have been suggested for assisting local governments in implementing nature-based solutions. A dominant nature-based solution initiative is the activities and policies directed at the increase of the number of trees and treecanopy coverage in a city. This study explores how polycentric governance of urban forests may operate by focusing on how key decision-makers coordinate their priorities and actions in urban forestry decisions. A stakeholder-centered view on polycentric governance is taken, specifically focused on the view of municipal managers, to develop a better understanding of the social systems behind the implementation of naturebased solutions. This was done by using social data elicited from 19 in-depth interviews with urban forest managers working in nine local councils in Greater Melbourne, Australia. The data analyses show that the most important decisions that municipal managers make, and where other stakeholders have the most influence, relate to tree removal for developments, significant tree retention, tree planting for site renewal, and ageing trees removal. The most important stakeholders influencing these decisions include other municipal departmental units, developers, state actors, and residents. Non-governmental greening groups do not play a very important role. Various types of coordination, such as the ones between municipal departments, between nongovernmental stakeholders (especially developers and residents), between state government policies, as well as public consultation, are needed to better mobilize stakeholders’ influence and input. Capitalizing on greening groups that aim to retain trees in urban areas, not just planting more trees, can potentially support the current decisions made by municipal managers, which respond to urbanization pressures. 相似文献
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In process-based restoration, the objective is not to create a complex river form directly; instead, interventions are intended to “prompt” the natural processes to restore such forms. The improvements in ecological conditions are actually made over time by flowing water during floods (using the stream’s energy), and by the growth of riparian vegetation (using incoming solar energy). On the Aire River in Geneva, ecological function was restored to a formerly canalized river by providing the river with an espace de liberté. A grid of channels cut into the valley bottom allowed the river to freely flood, erode its bed and banks, and deposit bars, creating complex surfaces on which riparian vegetation established to support the food web of the riverine ecosystem. The diamond-shaped bits of land left between these channels (“lozenges”) gradually erode and evolve as the river migrates, creating complex channel forms. The Isar River in Munich restoration involved adding coarse sediment load, creating erodible bed and banks in place of formerly rigid boundaries, expanding process space for river migration, erosion, and deposition, and increased human access to the river over 8 km. Since restoration, natural transport of sediment has resulted in deposition of gravel bars, whose forms evolve during floods, supporting diverse habitats. The Isar and Aire Rivers provide compelling examples of processbased restoration meeting 4 criteria for process-based restoration: space, energy, materials, and time. They demonstrate the possibilities of urban river restoration to achieve both ecological and social goals through restoration of fluvial process. 相似文献
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The assessment of restoration of habitat in urban wetlands 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Wetlands in urban areas are often restored in an attempt to reduce the loss of such habitats. Unfortunately, the success, or otherwise, of programmes of restoration has rarely been systematically gauged. Through not knowing whether programmes of restoration are successful or not, valuable resources potentially continue to be wasted, wetland habitats remain degraded and the methods of restoration are not assessed for future programmes of restoration.Several factors have contributed to poor assessment of restoration of urban wetlands. First, often the goals of restoration have been unrealistic because they failed to consider that wetlands in urban areas are subjected to ongoing and often large-scale anthropogenic disturbances. Second, goals of restoration often have not been clearly defined and, consequently, predictive hypotheses were not formulated to test for the success of restoration. Third, even when success of restoration has been assessed, this has not always been adequate because of inappropriate sampling design.Such problems can be overcome by treating restoration of habitat as experiments and using the knowledge gained from each project to improve future programmes of restoration. This will ensure that the remaining semi-natural habitats along coasts in urban areas can be more effectively managed. 相似文献
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Globally, accelerated urbanization has wrapped more and more mountain landscapes into metropolitan areas as water sources or residential and recreational spaces. Such mountain landscapes are usually governed by multiple agencies, which means that its sustainable development largely depends on the effectiveness of the collective actions among these agencies. This paper examines the case of the Santa Monica Mountains in California, the United States by analyzing relevant oral histories, acts and ordinances, study reports, planning documents, and GIS data to depict the whole picture of the evolution of its cooperative planning and management. It is found that the polycentric governance in the Santa Monica Mountains emerged as a response to the deterioration of natural resource and the increasing outdoor recreation needs against the backdrop of urbanization. The California State government developed coastal zone protection guidelines and established conservancies, while the federal government cooperated with local governments and communities by forming a national recreation area. These methods helped the governing agencies tactically cope with the real estate development, changing political climate, shrinking financial allocation, rising land prices, and conceptual shifts in environmental protection. This polycentric governance mode was also applied to other mountain areas in the vicinity to form a regionalscale resilient landscape. The authors argue that the case of the Santa Monica Mountains reveals how the polycentric governance works on strengthening landscape resilience, which shows an important reference for contemporary China. 相似文献
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With the increase of population in big cities, urban industrial districts are constantly seeking new development to realize the conversion from single-functional to multifunctional systems, to equip the city with diverse public spaces. The Port of Houston operates at the dynamic confluence of industry, transportation, and ecological systems, and has been a major driver of Houston’s economic growth over the last century. However, behind the prosperous economic growth, the port suffers from the isolation with the surrounding communities. Based on the “2045 Port Houston Master Plan,” the Landscape Planning and Design for the Port of Houston project focuses on urban space activation and ecological environment restoration through landscape planning and design methods, while facing the challenges of ecological environment, urban spatial pattern repositioning, and other urban issues. The project is expected to build an economically, socially, and ecologically healthy industrial waterfront zone. Port Houston, beyond its primary function as an economic driver, becomes a more visible and substantial force in urban governance of advancing the region’s activation and resilience. 相似文献
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Zehui DU 《景观设计学(英文)》2019,7(3):146
With the population boom and the rapid industrial and agricultural development, regional water demand has exceeded the supply capacity in Turpan. Modern water infrastructure not only made the unique ecosystem formed by the Karez out-of-balance, but also devitalized the oasis civilization and the indigenous cultural landscape associated with the Karez. Taking the Karez system as an example, this article proposes planning and design schemes and roadmaps based on a regional polycentric governance model to explore a new path of public environmental governance which coordinates the interests of all stakeholders. Four strategies are proposed: 1) establishing the water account management system; 2) establishing an ecological agriculture water saving and control mechanism; 3) introducing an agriculture-husbandry-fishery circular development mode; and 4) revitalizing abandoned space. By re-identifying water supply and demand, rebalancing the existing resources and regional development, and encouraging the role of landscape as ecological infrastructure, resilient landscape and sustainable resource utilization could be realized to maximize the public interest. 相似文献
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城市信息具有可浓缩、可扩散和可共享等特征,其应用已扩展到地籍与房产管理、资源调查与规划、大型工程项目的前期论证、公用事业管理和城市日常管理等方面.基于GIS、VR和遥感等技术的支持,城市信息管理已开展了基于代理模型的城市结构模拟、城市"细胞生长"模型信息系统、选择与决策信息系统、公众参与信息管理系统和道路交通信息管理等前沿研究. 相似文献
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缺乏运动导致的健康问题日益受到关注,积极生活将增加体力活动融入日常。“设计下的积极生活”(“Active Living by Design”,ALbD)项目应对健康问题被发起,从而更新项目理念与策略以适应新发展。本文首先梳理积极生活相关研究的发展脉络与实施评估,其次以时间为轴线例举不同层次的实践项目,包括计划初期、发展阶段和项目最新实践。研究成果、评估结果、实践经验都为ALbD模式更新提供了基础。本文最后重点分析ALbD新模式的理念、策略与发展变化,并结合案例提出设计需要兼顾合作与公平、可持续发展思想,同时要聚焦服务群体、调动民间资本、构建社会规制。本文通过解析设计的政策属性与制度导向,以期为我国的积极设计与研究提供借鉴。 相似文献
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Qingping ZHU 《景观设计学(英文)》2018,6(6):62
Zhu Qingping, the interviewee, is a prominent expert in China’s watershed management. Starting with the modes of China’s watershed management and the changes of water management philosophy, Zhu emphasizes that watershed management often involves various factors, including public resources, infrastructure construction, ecosystems, historical and cultural traditions, and population, all of which shall be taken into consideration as a whole. The interview then goes to the management of the Yellow River Basin, where Zhu explains the impacts between river flows and urban development, suggests a great opportunity for development the cities in the lower reaches of Yellow River Basin have, and proposes an idea of building a national ecological and cultural belt along the river. He further argues that watershed management requires collaborations across industries, disciplines, and administrative regions and divisions. He also believes that public engagement and maintenance plays an important role in watershed management and an intelligent water / watershed management system needs to be established by networking integrated big-data platforms to facilitate a more intelligent and coordinated water resource management while better ensuring water security at varied scales. 相似文献
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美国自然文化遗产管理经验及对中国有关改革的启示 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
美国是自然文化遗产资源丰富且管理较为成功的国家,其基本管理理念是根据遗产资源的公益性确定遗产资源的使命,然后建立与使命相应的资金机制、管理机制、经营机制、监督机制等,以确保管理能力、管理手段与管理目标相适应.以美国国家公园体系为例介绍了这种理念的形成过程和具体体现方式,总结了中国自然文化遗产管理制度与美国的差别,并在剖析中国有关改革的基础上提出了中国遗产管理应该借鉴美国的基本管理理念. 相似文献
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以深圳为例浅析城市水土保持管理 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
伴随我国城市化进程的加快,城市水土保持作为城市可持续发展的重要保障和缓解城市建设带来负面影响的消融剂备受社会各方关注。以城市水土流失、城市水土保持的基本内涵为基础,本文详细分析比较了城市水土保持与传统农村水土保持的异同;从城市水土保持规划、水土保持方案优化、度汛制度、弃土管理、监督执法等城市水土保持监督管理要点入手,分析指出目前城市水土保持管理工作的难点和问题,以深圳实践为例,给予完善建议,最后对未来城市水土保持工作发展进行展望,以期为城市水土保持生态建设和执法监督管理的健康发展提供科学的理论依据和实践指导。 相似文献
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城市设计是一个以众多实践经验和教训为基础,经过系统总结、科学提炼形成的经验主义学科。本文采用案例研究法,以城市设计概要为关键词,利用互联网技术搜集加拿大2011—2019年间在网络上公开发布的城市设计案例,筛选并统计信息完整的案例后,选择具有代表性的案例做详细介绍和分析,在此基础上讨论城市设计概要的概念与关键问题,以期通过对这一技术工具的介绍为中国城市设计的实施提供可借鉴的成熟经验,为城市风貌特色的保护、城市空间场所的塑造发挥积极作用。 相似文献
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城市绿地外部经济效应的基础研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
资金筹措一直是城市绿地建设的核心问题,而城市绿地的建设具有外部经济效应,会提升周边地块的价值,使周边房产、商业、服务业等无偿受益。针对城市绿地的外部经济效应进行了基础研究,通过分析城市绿地作为公共物品的经济学属性,及绿地外部经济效应的受益群体,初步建立了基于资产价值法的城市绿地外部经济效应的量化计算模型,并提出了城市绿地外部经济效应的内部化模式,为减轻城市绿地建设的资金压力,实现绿地建设的良性循环提出了可操作性的政策建议。 相似文献
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多中心跨境城市一区域的多层级管治——以大珠江三角洲为例 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在全球化和区域化并驾齐驱的格局下,全球城市一区域(Global City-Region)日益成为全球经济增长的核心动力,跨境区域(CBRs:Cross-BorderRegions)大量涌现。近年来欧盟国家有关大都市区的研究揭示了多中心(Polycentric)格局和区域融合中多层级管治(multi-level governance)的形态,但罕有探讨两者之间的关系及其制订对区域发展政策和规划的影响。目前,对于亚洲特别是中国的大都市多中心和多层级管治的系统研究尚不多,本文尝试揭示大珠三角作为多中心都市区和跨境区域的多层级管治的形成、演变和影响。本文进一步透过跨境大桥的案例分析,尝试揭示这个跨境城市一区域的多中心和多层级管治格局在“一国两制”框架下的独特之处。 相似文献
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我国国土空间规划体系建设强调资源保护和统筹,为水生态空间更新从工程型思维转向生态优先和以人为本提供了难得机遇。选取新加坡ABC水计划为案例,尝试揭示其有效提升资源利用效率和生态、社会、文化等整体效益的途径和动因。在梳理水体规划理念演变的基础上,解析水生态空间的管理机构改革与网络治理模式:成立专门的政府内部工作委员会,制定整体规划框架、具体实施细则以及相关规章制度以明确权责,搭建平台实现多部门信息共享和沟通协商;通过示范项目,培育政府机构、开发商、公众等多元行动主体间的信任;推行专业人才计划,建立完善的认证机制和奖惩措施,调动各主体积极参与日常维护。 相似文献
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本文利用新制度经济学的交易成本经济学与产权理论,对土地使用制度的交易成本与产权结构进行分析,发现西方的传统以私有制为基础的土地利用模式,其最大问题乃是公共财产与私有财产的产权未能整合,故而产生土地所有者之间权益不均的问题。产权整合并非只有土地国有一条途径。本文讨论以市场机制为基础的产权整合模式下的土地使用制度,并分析其优缺点。最后,针对分析结果,提出在土地使用和城市管理方面可能的运用方向及对中国土地使用制度改革的启示。 相似文献