代县收费站扩容改造工程

结合代县收费站扩容改造工程,对交通量进行了预测,提出了该收费站扩容改造的原则和标准,对代县收费站的改造内容进行了详细介绍,以解决拥堵站点的扩容改造问题,从根本上提高收费站应急保障的通行能力。     

集中供热计量收费的新机制

根据我国的现实情况 ,分析了现行供热收费方法的弊端 ,提出了我国推广热计量的对策 ,并对供热计量的形式及仪表进行了进一步的探讨 ,最后建议推行合理的收费方式。     

Smart fuzzy-based energy-saving photovoltaic burp charging system

This paper focuses on the optimal usage of photovoltaic energy by implementing ‘pulse charging’ technique to charge batteries and to keep the supply from the solar panel continuously without any interruption. The burp-pulse charging technique is used to supply multiple loads. Three different batteries Bp, Ba1 and Ba2 are smart charged concurrently and individually during three kinds of charge statuses controlled by a charge regulation system. The high-frequency input pulses are obtained from an interleaved flyback converter. The charge for prime battery (Bp) is from the positive pulse and that for auxiliary battery-1 (Ba1) is from the break period between the pulses. Finally the third battery, that is, auxiliary battery-2 (Ba2) is incorporated to utilise the negative pulse charge through an inductor when the step-up chopper is closed. This can otherwise be put as, utilising the discharge current of Bp to supply a load. The Ba2 voltage is stepped up to supply a motor load when supply from prime battery Bp is unavailable. The closed loop simulation introduces a fuzzy logic controller which controls the generation of pulses according to the variations in the input source voltage. By this way, a linear and smoother current is available to charge the batteries. Thus, the energy-saving concept is fulfilled by the proposed design. Faster and uninterrupted charging and better battery life are other facets of the proposed system. The closed loop simulation is performed and results are presented.     

超高层建筑超高费计取的相关问题探讨

超高层建筑超高费对工程造价有着不可忽视的影响，针对现行计价规范不能完全满足超高层建筑超高费计取的问题，结合某超高层建筑超高费计取的实践，提出了超高层建筑超高贵计取的思路，为类似超高层建筑超高贵的计取提供指导。     

电动自行车充电保护系统设计研究

以铅酸蓄电池为研究对象,针对蓄电池起火爆炸原因设计基于单片机的充电保护系统。分析铅酸蓄电池充电起火的机理,介绍系统的软硬件组成,对基于Proteus 7 的单片机系统进行仿真。模拟结果表明,基于单片机的充电保护系统可以实现发生两个及以上主要失控现象时的自动断电报警功能。保护系统可对电池充电过程进行火灾预防保护,对电池充电保护装置后续研发提供一定参考。     

基于BACnet的VRF空调分户计费系统

针对VRF空调系统的特点,研究了其能耗计量和计费的方式及特点,提出了VRF空调分户计费系统的体系架构,开发了基于BACnet标准的VRF空调分户计费系统。这种计费系统具有成本低、计量科学、计费公正合理的特点,并且可以通过Web页面和BACnet标准接口分别实现远程访问和与楼宇管理系统(BMS)集成。     

Impact of vehicle charging on Portugal's national electricity load profile in 2030

This study aims to explore the impact of light-duty passenger (LdP) electric vehicle (EV) charging on the Portuguese national load profile (LP) in 2030. The goal is to identify EV charging strategies that enable a sustainable configuration of the Portuguese LP under different potential levels of LdP EV penetration in 2030. The research offers Portuguese utilities and policymakers information regarding potential threats and solutions of different EV charging strategies on the national grid infrastructure in 2030. Furthermore, it proposes a methodology that can also be adopted in other countries to analyse similar problems. Low, medium, and high penetration scenarios were designated based on the number of LdP EVs. The low and medium penetration scenarios indicate that an intelligent grid is not necessary to perform charging activities. However, coordinating EV charging in the evening via a smart grid (SG) is imperative in the high penetration scenario, as unsustainable levels of power demand will otherwise be reached, compared with the current production and distribution capacity. Moreover, morning charging sessions must also be addressed, as they may induce new peaks of daily consumption given the significant amount of charging activity taking place within that period.     

某高速公路收费站网架的加固分析与处理

针对某收费站网架结构在风荷载作用下位移过大的情况,对原结构计算书进行分析,发现原结构设计中对风荷载考虑不足,并对原结构进行加固处理,介绍了分析过程与加固方案,提出了在小型复杂形体建筑的结构设计中应注意的一些问题及相关建议。     

住宅给水系统中按户计收水费技术探讨

针对目前自来水公司“抄总表计费，居民按每户装设的分表分摊水费”的收费方式，已不能适应每户居民按实际用水量付费要求的现状，介绍了设计，管理体制，经济核算等诸多方面的情况，从技术方面，分析了旧住宅给水系统在运行中的弊端，从而提出改进管道系统设计在每户装表，远程抄表等方面按户计收水费的技术措施。     

对一种新型供热收费模式的探讨

在总结现有供热收费模式特点的基础上提出了一种新型的供热收费模式--三部制收费模式,给出了三部制收费模式的计算方法.     

一种集中空调冷量计费方法

以风机盘管空调系统为例,介绍了集中空调系统的控制特点、计费依据和计费原理,在冷量计量的基础上给出了一种可行的计费方法。     

公路建设项目收费影响分析

针对我国现有公路建设项目收费标准确定存在的问题,探讨了收费标准的各种影响因素,并对收费标准对公路项目财务效果的影响进行了分析,提出了部分影响因素与收费标准的函数关系,以提高公路建设项目财务评价的可靠性。     

Modified teaching-learning-based optimization by orthogonal learning for optimal design of an electric vehicle charging station

The provision of a safe environment has led to the growth of electric vehicles (EVs), whose propagation in the market depends on features such as price, battery technology, economy, and improvement of charging stations. This paper proposes a charging station for plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) connected to the distribution system, along with the energy storage system's batteries, diesel generator, and photovoltaic panels. The charging facilities are also designed and optimized at three levels of fast, medium, and slow speeds. Since this model integrates many decision variables and cannot be accurately solved by traditional mathematical methods, a new modified optimization algorithm is presented. The modified teaching-learning-based optimization (TLBO) based on orthogonal learning (OL), or OLTLBO, is proposed to solve the optimization problem. The results confirm that the model successfully uses all the available options to design the EVCS.     

关于计量收费的一些看法

介绍了世界范围内热计量的方案以及各个方案的应用特点，分析了住宅楼供热中存在的问题，论证了完善热计量收费的必然趋势，提出了制定热价应考虑的三方面因素，以保证节约能源，提高热力公司的效益。     

Optimal planning of flood-resilient electric vehicle charging stations

This study is the first attempt to integrate flood resilience into the electric vehicle (EV) charging station planning process. Instead of fully avoiding flood-prone areas, an optimized placement considering the magnitude of flood inundations can minimize the impact of flood hazards and simultaneously maximize the socio-economic benefit of EV charging station networks. In this study, an integrated framework of the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-III (NSGA-III) and the technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) is proposed to optimize the charging station locations by maximizing the charging convenience, minimizing the impact of flood hazards, and minimizing the impact of existing charging stations. The NSGA-III is applied to solve the multi-objective location optimization of charging stations. TOPSIS is subsequently used to determine the best solution from the feasible candidates generated by the NSGA-III. A case study conducted in the Waikiki area demonstrates that the proposed optimization framework can effectively deal with the trade-off between the impact of flood hazards and the charging service of a charging station network. This study provides new insights into best practices for dealing with multiple conflicting objectives in EV charging station planning under climate change.     

谈高速公路收费系统防雷

针对感应雷对现代电子设备造成的危害,从雷电流产生的方式出发,研究了高速公路收费设备的损毁方式,并提出了相应的防雷措施,为今后高速公路机电系统的雷电防护提供了参考依据。     

新型冷计量收费装置开发及计费策略分析

介绍了焓差法冷量计量装置的原理和特点,对冷量计费进行了成本分析,并指出实际应用中影响计费的因素,预测了这种新型冷计量装置的市场及发展前景。     

供暖热计量收费软件的开发研究

提出了符合我国建筑特点的热计量收费模型，解决了热费的合理分摊问题；介绍了方适合多种收费方式、多种热煤的供暖系统收费软件的开发原则、功能及特点。     

冷凝蓄热器蓄放热过程模拟研究

为解决传统单级压缩空气源热泵在严寒地区制热性能差、极低环境温度下无法运行的问题,提出了一种基于相变蓄热的空气源热泵联合低温热水地板辐射供暖系统.通过构建系统模型,对关键部件冷凝蓄热器的蓄放热过程进行了研究,分析了冷凝蓄热器的动态运行特性.研究结果表明:冷凝蓄热器连续蓄热14 h后,平均蓄热功率为7.19 kW,COP为...     

收费政策在供热计量中的作用

认为技术节能和政策节能是供暖切能中的两大因素。通过对有／无节能设备的供暖住宅的实验研究，调节设备和收纲政策的节能效果相当的结论，为供暖计量中收费政策的制定提供了依据。