气相色谱-质谱法定性定量测定糜子中的脂肪酸

采用气相色谱-质谱法对糜子中脂肪酸进行定性、定量分析。结果共鉴定出14 种脂肪酸,相对含量为96.9%,其中不饱和脂肪酸8 种（64.533%）,主要有亚油酸（12.371%）、油酸（44.157%）、亚麻酸（1.173%）等。可见糜子中脂肪酸主要以不饱和脂肪酸为主,是优质脂肪酸。通过回归方程计算得出：糜子中棕榈酸、油酸、硬脂酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸的含量分别为100.261、165.309、23.402、52.181、17.516 mg/100 g。通过与其他杂粮进行比较,结果表明糜子和小米、高粱、小麦、燕麦、水稻一样均含有硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸和棕榈酸等,不饱和脂肪酸含量高,富含亚油酸和亚麻酸;本研究可为糜子品质的进一步开发和研究提供理论依据。     

不同品种核桃仁中脂肪酸含量及组成分析

以国内外不同品种的核桃仁为材料,采用酸水解法和气相色谱法,测定不同品种核桃仁中脂肪酸含量及组成,结果表明核桃仁中脂肪含量在65%左右,其中脂肪酸分别由棕榈酸、珠光酯酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、α-亚麻酸、花生酸、花生一烯酸等8种脂肪酸组成。其中棕榈酸、珠光酯酸、硬脂酸、花生酸属于饱和脂肪酸,其含量在50～70g/kg左右,油酸、花生一烯酸属于单不饱和脂肪酸,含量在100～150g/kg之间,亚油酸、α-亚麻酸属于多不饱和脂肪酸,含量达到了410～490g/kg。     

火麻仁油组分含量及理化性质的研究

采用气相色谱、高效液相色谱等方法,对火麻仁油的脂肪酸组成、维生素E含量和理化性质进行了测定分析。试验结果表明:火麻仁油中不饱和脂肪酸含量为89.83%,其中油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸含量分别为10.93%、58.79%和20.11%,亚油酸和亚麻酸搭配的比例更为合理,且维生素E总含量高达537 mg/kg,是一种重要的营养保健油脂资源,极具开发潜力。     

泡菜中生物转化共轭脂肪酸的植物乳杆菌

共轭脂肪酸是指一类含共轭双键的多不饱和脂肪酸的总称,包括共轭亚油酸(conjugated linoleic acid,CLA),共轭亚麻酸(conjugated linolenic acid,CLNA)和共轭十八碳四烯酸(conjugated stearidonic acid,CSA)。CLA和CLNA分别是由亚油酸和亚麻酸衍生所得的多种位置与几何异构体的总称,具有多种生理功能,如抗癌、抗动脉粥样硬化、提高机体免疫力和减肥等,已成为功能性脂质的研究热点。采用GC-MS(gas chromatographymass spectrometry)法分析了筛选自泡菜的22株植物乳杆菌转化共轭脂肪酸的能力。结果显示,CCFM47和CCFM232两株菌具有极高的共轭亚油酸和共轭亚麻酸转化能力,其中亚油酸的转化率均超过30%,发酵液中CLA总浓度分别达到0.166 4 mg/ L和0.151 4 mg/mL,而对α-亚麻酸的转化率高达60%,发酵液中CLNA总浓度分别达到0.196 4 mg/mL和0.172 1 mg/mL。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定黑豆果籽脂肪酸含量

采用气相色谱-质谱法对黑豆果籽脂肪酸组成及含量进行研究,鉴定出其含棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、α-亚麻酸、γ-亚麻酸、哥伦比酸、二十碳酸、二十碳一烯酸、二十碳二烯酸;主要组分油酸占14.8％,亚油酸占42.8％,α-亚麻酸占14.7％,γ-亚麻酸占13.8％,不饱和脂肪酸总量达90.4％,特别是γ-亚麻酸相对含量较高,黑豆果籽具有很高保健价值和良好开发前景。     

气相色谱法分析冬虫夏草中的脂肪酸

采用10%硫酸-甲醇衍生化,二氯甲烷萃取和气相色谱法对冬虫夏草中的脂肪酸组成及含量进行测定,结果表明,该方法的回收率高（95.83%-99.38%）,重复性好（RSD〈5%）.冬虫夏草中共分离鉴定了8种脂肪酸,主要有：油酸（18.44 mg/g）,亚油酸（15.32 mg/g）,棕榈酸（4.82 mg/g）,亚麻酸（3.66 mg/g）等,其中不饱和脂肪酸占84.78%.     

驴骨、驴皮与阿胶中脂肪酸组成的比较

为探求阿胶、驴骨胶在脂肪酸组成方面的差异性,利用气相色谱法初步构建了驴骨、驴皮与阿胶中总脂肪酸成分的指纹图谱,并对阿胶、驴皮中特异性脂肪酸亚油酸、γ-亚麻酸的含量进行了比较研究。结果表明,驴皮、阿胶总脂肪酸的气相色谱指纹图谱具有较高相似性,除阿胶中含有植物油成分-花生酸(29.00)外,其它脂肪酸成分完全吻合;与驴皮、阿胶相比,驴骨的气相色谱指纹图谱则表现出一定的差异性,除缺少亚油酸(28.19)、γ-亚麻酸(29.50)外,驴骨中还含有多种特异性脂肪酸:羊脂酸(11.04)、十五烷酸(22.50)、11,14-二十碳二烯酸(30.95)。同时,作为特异性脂肪酸,亚油酸、γ-亚麻酸在驴皮(12.90%、1.10%)和阿胶(45.25%、5.48%)中具有较高的含量。综上所述,通过构建驴骨、驴皮与阿胶中总脂肪酸成分的指纹图谱以及阿胶中亚油酸、γ-亚麻酸含量测定可以为阿胶质量控制提供参考。     

新疆野蔷薇种子油的脂肪酸组成分析

采用超声辅助提取法提取野蔷薇种子油,以气相色谱-质谱联用技术对油脂进行脂肪酸组成分析.结果表明:野蔷薇种子油中的主要脂肪酸为棕榈酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸,其中不饱和脂肪酸占总量的92.41%;主要成分棕榈酸占5.88%,油酸占12.39%,亚油酸占56.52%,亚麻酸占23.50% .     

响应面优化粟米糠油溶剂萃取工艺及理化性质分析

以粟米糠为原料,采用正己烷为提取剂,对粟米糠油进行提取,并分析粟米糠油的理化特性和脂肪酸组成。在单因素试验的基础上,通过Box-Behnken试验设计对提取工艺进行响应面优化。结果表明,最佳提取工艺条件为：料液比1∶7（g/mL）、提取时间6 h、提取温度55 ℃。在此条件下,粟米糠油的实际提取率为83.3%,与理论值基本吻合。所得粟米糠油的凝固点19.0 ℃、酸值5.7 mg KOH/g、过氧化值2.1 mmol/kg、皂化值185.1 mg KOH/g、碘值118.9 g I2/100 g。通过气相色谱-质谱法确定了10 种脂肪酸,不饱和脂肪酸含量为82.5%,其中亚油酸含量63.6%、油酸含量14.8%、α-亚麻酸含量2.7%。     

楸树种子油中活性成分及种粕中黄酮类成分研究

本文以楸树种子为研究对象,利用气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）联用法测定楸树种子油中脂肪酸及植物甾醇组成,高效液相色谱（HPLC）法测定种子油中生育酚含量,同时采用高效液相色谱-质谱（HPLC-MS）联用法对脱脂种粕中黄酮类成分进行分析,并考察其抗氧化活性。结果表明,楸树种子油中共检测出11种脂肪酸,其中以亚油酸、a-亚麻酸和油酸为主,不饱和脂肪酸含量高达87.37%;含有菜油甾醇（21.52%）、豆甾醇（4.43%）和β-谷甾醇（74.05%）;含有132.58 mg/100 g的生育酚,其中γ-生育酚（88.84 mg/100g）比α-生育酚（43.74 mg/100g）含量高近2倍。种粕中含有4种黄酮类成分,其总黄酮含量为9.39 mg/g DW,具有一定的抗氧化活性。本研究为充分利用楸树种子资源,提高楸树的经济价值和开发高效植物源类抗氧化剂提供理论依据。     

我国10种铁核桃油的组成特性和氧化稳定性

选取我国新疆、云南和西藏三大主要产区的10种代表性铁核桃样品,制备铁核桃油,测定了铁核桃油的脂肪酸组成,总酚、生育酚、植物甾醇含量及氧化稳定性,采用化学计量学的方法对铁核桃油的组成特性进行分析。结果表明:我国铁核桃油的脂肪酸主要为亚油酸(54.84%~66.97%),油酸(15.88%~26.04%),亚麻酸(6.82%~12.25%)和棕榈酸(5.12%~7.62%)。微量伴随物生育酚含量176.89~832.86 mg/kg、植物甾醇含量530.96~1 095.47 mg/kg、总酚含量1.42~15.84 mg/kg,氧化稳定性指数(OSI)为0.55~3.39 h。基于回归分析发现,影响铁核桃油氧化稳定性的主要组成物质是亚油酸、亚麻酸、γ-生育酚和总酚。     

乙酰氯-甲醇甲酯化法测定婴幼儿配方乳粉中脂肪酸含量方法的优化

目的改进乙酰氯-甲醇甲酯化气相色谱(gas chromatography,GC)法测定婴幼儿配方乳粉中脂肪酸含量的方法。方法改进了乙酰氯-甲醇配制的体积浓度,考察了不同甲酯化反应温度和时间对月桂酸、肉豆范酸、亚油酸(linoleic acid,LA)、α-亚麻酸(α-linolenic acid,α-LA)、二十二碳六烯酸(docosahexaenoic acid,DHA)和花生四烯酸(arachidonic acid,AA)含量测定的影响,并验证了改进方法的检出限、重现性和回收率等。结果采用改进的乙酰氯-甲醇配制液可将甲酯化反应时间缩短至60 min,在4℃下保存该配制液有效期达10 d。各组分在一定质量浓度范围内线性关系良好(r>0.999)。改进方法中月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、亚油酸、α-亚麻酸、二十二碳六烯酸和花生四烯酸的检出限为0.11~0.68 mg/100 g,定量限为3.3~20.4 mg/kg,与国标方法相比定量限提升了38.2%~95.0%,回收率均在95%~105%之间,稳定性相对标准偏差为0.79%~2.59%。结论改进方法能满足婴幼儿配方乳粉中脂肪酸含量的检测。     

Black currant seeds as a nutrient source in breakfast cereals produced by extrusion cooking

 Press residue from black currant juice production was used for the development of a nutritious breakfast cereal manufactured using an extrusion process at high temperatures. The milled residual fraction with crushed seeds contained significant amounts of essential fatty acids, minerals and dietary fibre. The maximal useful amount of this ingredient, about 30%, was reached in a mix containing 30% oat flour and oat bran, 30% potato starch, 7.5% sugar, 1.5% malt extract and 1% salt. In a model product the total fat content was 3%, with the proportions of major fatty acids as follows: linoleic acid 43 mol-%, oleic acid 20 mol-%, α-linolenic acid 12 mol-%, γ-linolenic acid 9 mol-% and stearidonic acid 2 mol-%. During the extrusion process the unsaturated fatty acids were not lost in quantifiable amounts. The product also contained approximately 20% total dietary fibre and plenty of Ca (1.9 g/kg), Mg (1 g/kg) and Fe (59 mg/kg). Received: 13 November 1997     

Milling fractions fatty acid composition of common (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) and tartary (Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn) buckwheat

The objective of the present study was to determine the composition of fatty acids in the whole grain, hulls, bran and the light flour of common (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) and Tartary (Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn) buckwheat harvested in two consecutive years. Fatty acid composition for different milling fractions was determined as methyl esters using gas chromatography. Nine fatty acids were determined: lauric (12:0), myristic (14:0), palmitic (16:0), palmitoleic (16:1), stearic (18:0), oleic (C18:1; n-9), linoleic (C18:2; n-6), α-linolenic (C18:3; n-3) and arachidic (20:0) acid. The highest relative content was determined for linoleic acid (from 35.54 to 47.57%), followed by oleic acid (from 20.96 to 40.76%) and palmitic acid (from 13.86 to 26.42%). The total fatty acid content was the highest in bran (up to 62.64 g/kg), followed by whole grains (up to 22.93 g/kg), light flour (up to 9.69 g/kg) and hulls (up to 5.87 g/kg). Saturated fatty acid content was the highest in the hulls and the lowest in the bran. Polyunsaturated fatty acid content was the highest in light flour. High positive correlations were found between saturated fatty acids with 18 carbon atoms or less.     

香榧子油的理化性质及脂肪酸组成分析

主要对香榧子油的理化性质及脂肪酸组成进行了分析。结果表明,香榧子粗蛋白、粗脂肪、饼粕总糖及淀粉质量分数分别为48.3%、14.6%、37.6%和68.3%。香榧子油的酸值、碘值、过氧化值及皂化值分别为0.95 mg KOH/g、131.3 g/100 g、8.76 mmol/kg、137.9 mg KOH/g。香榧子油主要由12种脂肪酸组成,饱和脂肪酸以山嵛酸(12.2%)为主,其次是棕榈酸(9.95%)和十七碳酸(0.18%);不饱和脂肪酸中亚油酸(41.9%)和油酸(26.0%)较高,还含有3.51%的共轭二烯酸——顺-11,顺-13-二十碳二烯酸;长碳链脂肪酸质量分数较高,达18%。香榧子油Sn-2位脂肪酸主要由油酸(46.5%)和亚油酸(45.3%)组成。香榧子油甘三酯组成中分布比较均匀,主要为β-LOL(7.51%)、LLL(7.32%)、β-LOBe(6.28%)和β-LLBe(6.12%)。     

南瓜籽油中角鲨烯含量及特征指标比较

采用气相色谱、气相色谱-质谱和化学滴定法等手段,对我国不同产地的10个南瓜籽油的特征指标(碘值、皂化值、相对密度、折光指数、脂肪酸组成)和角鲨烯含量进行了分析,并和其他特种木本油脂中的角鲨烯含量进行比较。结果表明:南瓜籽油相对密度范围为0.9188~0.9215;折光指数为1.4560~1.4669;碘值为108.4~116.2 g/100 g;皂化值为188.9~192.4 mg/g;共检出14种脂肪酸成分,其中以亚油酸和油酸为主,亚油酸含量在44.7%~55.5%,油酸含量在23.8%~33.1%,10个南瓜籽油中不饱和脂肪酸含量均高于78.2%;南瓜籽油中角鲨烯含量较高(310~4446 mg/kg),与橄榄油相当,明显高于茶叶籽油、澳洲坚果油、核桃油、牛油果油等。综合考虑油脂色泽、角鲨烯含量和主成分分析结果,猜测角鲨烯含量差异较大的原因可能和油脂的制取工艺有关,部分南瓜籽油在深加工过程中损失了角鲨烯。南瓜籽油具有较高的营养价值,该研究对进一步挖掘南瓜籽开发应用前景,提高其综合利用价值提供了数据支撑。     

The effects of growing conditions on oil content, fatty acid composition and tocopherol content of some sunflower varieties produced in Turkey

The properties of some extensively cultivated sunflower seed varieties in Turkey and their oils were investigated. 1991-1992 crop year sunflower varieties harvested from Trakya University, Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, Experiment field of Crop Science Department were used as research materials. The oil content, fatty acid composition and tocopherol content of sunflower seeds in 1991 and 1992 crop years were determined as 44.2-51.2% (on dry weight basis), 43.0-51.5% (on dry weight basis); oleic acid 14.8-18.5%, 32.9-40.1%; linoleic acid 69.5-74.5%, 49.7-55.7% and tocopherol content (as alpha-tocopherol) 648-860 mg/kg, 524-880 mg/kg, respectively. It was determined that the growing conditions significantly affected the fatty acid compositions of sunflower varieties studied. While the oleic acid content of the 1992 crop increased, the linoleic acid content of the same crop decreased compared to the 1991 crop.     

Physical characteristics of pig fat and their relation to fatty acid composition

One hundred and five samples of pig backfat were assessed for appearance (colour and translucency) and hardness. The fatty acid profile of a selected subset of 50 samples was determined. Increased yellow colour was associated with increased linoleic and α-linolenic acid percentages. Increased translucency and fat softness were associated with decreased percentages of palmitic and stearic and oleic acid and a concurrent increase in the proportions of linoleic and α-linolenic acid. Oleic acid was found to be the single highest component (33.0-45.4%) and linoleic to show the greatest variation in range (9.8-28.4%).     

不同工艺制备核桃油品质比较及相关性分析

对溶剂提取、低温压榨两种方法提取的核桃油感官品质(色泽)、理化营养品质(水分及挥发物含量、脂肪酸组成、VE异构体含量、植物甾醇各组分含量)及加工品质(诱导时间、过氧化值、酸值、脂肪酸比例模式)进行测定并对其品质指标进行相关性分析。结果表明:低温压榨核桃油的加工品质较好,其诱导时间(1.92 h)较长,过氧化值(1.44 mmol/kg)和酸值(KOH)(0.69 mg/g)较低,且O/L(0.33)较高;其油酸含量(19.97%)及UFA含量(90.96%)较高,营养品质相对较好。色泽与诱导时间呈极显著正相关;油酸含量与亚油酸含量呈极显著负相关(r=-0.944);油酸、亚油酸、MUFA、PUFA、O/L与诱导时间的相关关系均达到极显著水平。