大跨缆索支承型桥梁健康监测与评估系统的设计研究

随着我国经济迅速发展,对于交通运输能力的要求不断提高,结构健康监测（Structural Health Monitoring,SHM）系统越来越成为大型桥梁运营、养护管理、安全评估与维护的重要技术支撑。本文针对目前国内外大跨桥梁结构健康监测系统中存在的问题,围绕“结构健康监测、日常养护检测系统、周期检测相结合,综合建立大跨桥梁结构状态识别与安全评估系统”的思想,主要就建立大跨缆索支承型桥梁结构健康监测系统中的问题进行了研究,提出了明确的系统的总体设计原则、构成以及功能目标,对系统设计与安全评估目标的关系问题进行了分析研究,阐述了监测项目选择、传感器子系统、数据采集与传输子系统、数据处理与控制子系统、结构状态识别与安全评估子系统的设计原则或思路。     

既有高速公路网络级中小桥梁健康监测初探

首先回顾了桥梁健康监测系统基本概念,提出中小桥梁健康监测研究基本要求,总结了公路网桥梁面临的管养问题特点,针对已有的大跨桥梁健康监测系统经验不能简单地照搬到中小桥梁中来的情况,提出了需要解决的区域公路网桥梁健康监测新问题,以保证桥梁安全。     

A simplified management procedure for bridge network maintenance

Structural problems due to corrosion, ageing, durability, aggressive environments, materials defects, lack of ductility and unforeseen behaviour under seismic loads may significantly compromise the resistance and safety of bridges. Scheduled maintenance of bridges becomes important to ensure complete serviceability of the road network. Among existing bridge management systems (BMSs), this work is a contribution to the evaluation criteria of bridge condition by means of visual inspection, prediction of future structural condition and planning of maintenance intervention. After a brief review of some existing BMSs, a simple new procedure for evaluation of bridge condition by means of visual inspection, aimed at general planning of maintenance in a BMS framework, is presented in this paper. This procedure is applied to stock, including about 200 bridges and viaducts, of the Veneto region road network in the north-eastern part of Italy, and is then discussed.     

大型桥梁结构健康监测的研究进展

桥梁管理局已经认识到,对大型桥梁实行长期结构健康监测的意义在于保证结构和运行安全,发出损坏和老化的早期预警可以避免昂贵的维修甚至灾难性的坍塌。对大型桥梁建立长期监测系统,一方面是在桥梁正常使用期内评估结构完整性、耐久性、可靠性的信息,制定最佳的维护计划,保证安全运行。     

Fatigue analysis of long-span suspension bridges under multiple loading: Case study

Long-span suspension bridges are often subject to multiple types of dynamic loads, especially those located in wind-prone regions and carrying both trains and road vehicles. Fatigue assessment shall be performed to ensure the safety and functionality of the bridges. This paper proposes a framework for fatigue analysis of a long-span suspension bridge under multiple loading by integrating computer simulation with structural health monitoring system. By taking the Tsing Ma Bridge in Hong Kong as an example, a computationally efficient engineering approach is first proposed for dynamic stress analysis of the bridge under railway, highway and wind loading. The fatigue-critical locations are then determined for key bridge components, and databases of the dynamic stress responses at the critical locations are established. The time histories of dynamic stresses induced by individual loading during the design life of the bridge are generated based on the databases. The corresponding stress time histories due to the combined action of multiple loading are also compiled. Finally, fatigue analysis is performed to compute the cumulative fatigue damage over the design life of 120 years. The results indicate that it is necessary to consider the combined effect of multiple loading in the fatigue analysis of long-span suspension bridges.     

Critical issues,condition assessment and monitoring of heavy movable structures: emphasis on movable bridges

In this paper, a relatively less studied class of structures is presented based on the research conducted on Florida's movable bridges over the last several years. Movable bridges consist of complex structural, mechanical and electrical systems that provide versatility to these bridges, but at the same time, create intermittent operational and maintenance challenges. Movable bridges have been designed and constructed for some time; however, there are fewer studies in the literature on movable bridges as compared to other bridge types. In addition, none of these studies provide a comprehensive documentation of issues related to the condition of movable bridge populations in conjunction with possible monitoring applications specific to these bridges. This paper characterises and documents these issues related to movable bridges considering both the mechanical and structural components. Considerations for designing a monitoring system for movable bridges are also presented based on inspection reports and expert opinions. The design and implementation of a monitoring system for a representative bascule bridge are presented along with long-term monitoring data. Various movable bridge characteristics such as opening/closing torque, bridge balance and friction are shown since these are critical for maintenance applications on mechanical components. Finally, the impact of environmental effects (such as wind and temperature) on bridge mechanical characteristics is demonstrated by analysing monitoring data for more than 1000 opening/closing events.     

Health monitoring system of a self-anchored suspension bridge (planning,design and installation/operation)

Recent advances in sensing technologies make it feasible and practic al to install sensors on expensive civil infrastructures, such as bridges, for safety monitoring during construction and long-term assessment of the structures condition. This paper presents a case study of a structural health monitoring (SHM) and bridge management system (BMS) installed in Yeongjong Bridge in South Korea. This is a self-anchored suspension bridge on the expressway that links Seoul to Incheon International Airport. Experimental data have been collected from the bridge for two years, since its completion in 2000. This paper presents a list of examples where the structural health monitoring system can be applied and provides general guidelines and recommendations for deploying a monitoring system in terms of (1) sensing and instrumentation, (2) data collection and signal processing, and (3) information processing.     

混凝土矮箱梁桥疲劳性能监测与评估

采用动态称重(WIM)技术对陕西省省道S305线崾岘中桥进行交通荷载监测,分析得出了适合陕西省混凝土桥梁的标准疲劳车模型。采用动应变监测技术对混凝土矮箱梁关键部位进行长期动应变监测,获得了运营状态下混凝土矮箱梁的实测应力谱;运用Miner线性准则和应力幅 循环次数曲线对结构进行疲劳寿命评估;对超载情况下混凝土矮箱梁的疲劳寿命进行了分析。结果表明:在目前交通荷载作用下,混凝土矮箱梁的疲劳寿命为5 120年,考虑腐蚀疲劳的因素后疲劳寿命降至254年;当超载车辆比例低于1%时,超载对桥梁结构的疲劳寿命影响很小;当超载车辆比例达到10%时,结构的疲劳寿命随着超载率的提高而显著降低;该研究成果可为崾岘中桥未来维护管理提供技术支撑,同时为同类型其他桥梁的疲劳寿命评估提供参考。     

中国无伸缩缝桥梁调查与分析

无伸缩缝桥梁(无缝桥)取消了伸缩装置(伸缩缝),从根本上免除了伸缩装置带来的病害与维修更换问题,具有良好经济和社会效应。针对中国无缝桥的建设趋势、应用类型、区域分布、桥长、上部与下部结构、引板等情况开展调查与分析。结果表明:截至2022年5月,中国已建成无缝桥70座; 无缝桥在经济发达国家应用广泛,但在中国还处于起步阶段; 中国无缝桥修建数量不断增加,2010年开始增速加快,整体桥的应用比例上升; 无缝桥应用省份不断扩大,新增在严寒地区的应用; 无缝桥以中小跨径桥梁为主,总长不长,在多跨桥中应用较多; 上部结构以混凝土空心板为主; 下部结构中,柱式埋置式桥台在各种无缝桥中均有较多的应用,且整体桥较多采用薄壁轻型桥台,半整体桥和延伸桥面板桥较多采用重力式桥台,桥墩以混凝土桩柱式为主,引板主要采用面板式引板; 今后应增加无缝桥的应用数量和地区,加大整体桥的推广力度和无缝化改造的研究与应用,扩大无缝桥的跨径、桥长、曲率半径、斜交角的应用范围,推动中国无缝桥技术的进步。     

A scalable cloud-based cyberinfrastructure platform for bridge monitoring

Cloud computing is a computing paradigm wherein computing resources, such as servers, storage and applications, can be provisioned and accessed in real time via advanced communication networks. In the era of Internet of Things (IoT) and big data, cloud computing has been widely developed in many industrial applications involving large volume of data. Appropriate use of cloud computing infrastructure can enhance the long-term deployment of a structural health monitoring (SHM) system which would incur significant amount of data of different types. This paper presents a cloud-based cyberinfrastructure platform designed to support bridge monitoring. The cyberinfrastructure platform enables scalable management of SHM data and facilitates effective information sharing and data utilisation. A cloud-based platform comprises of virtual machines, distributed database and web servers. The peer-to-peer distributed database architecture provides a scalable and fault-tolerant data management system. Platform-neutral web services designed in compliant with the Representational State Transfer (REST) standard enables easy access to the cloud resources and SHM data. For data interoperability, a bridge information model for bridge monitoring applications is adopted. For demonstration, the scalable cloud-based platform is implemented for the monitoring of bridges along the I-275 corridor in the State of Michigan. The results show that the cloud-based cyberinfrastructure platform can effectively manage the sensor data and bridge information and facilitate efficient access of the data as well as the bridge monitoring software services.     

桥梁工程安全的管理分析

通过对桥梁事故的成因进行分析,提出了在施工阶段对桥梁安全管理的对策,介绍了在桥梁使用阶段进行安全管理的方法--桥梁健康监测系统和安全性能管理系统,以确保桥梁工程的安全.     

结构健康监测和可靠性评估

对美国最大跨度桁架桥中的主要桁架构件以及整个结构系统的可靠性进行评估。根据构件和系统的可靠性指标,可以采用随机方法评估大跨桥的安全水平。然而,大多数旧的大跨桥是基于允许应力设计的,其可靠性不可能被保证。本研究的可靠性分析基于对恒荷载、活荷载和风载分布的评估。通过收集大量的输入和响应数据,对大桥进行长期结构健康监测。根据外部荷载影响的模式和大小,长期监测数据清楚揭示了不同结构的性能。案例显示,采用传统的分析方法难以确定由于温度引起的结构响应。为探讨温度对结构的影响以及在可靠性评估中考虑长期监测数据的作用,也对温度引起的响应进行分析。研究显示：温度导致的响应对整个系统的可靠性具有明显的影响。     

预应力混凝土梁式桥安全运营监测系统研究

以一座三跨预应力混凝土连续箱梁桥作为监测研究对象,对预应力混凝土梁式桥结构安全运营监测系统进行设计,阐述监测系统的监测对象、监测内容及设计原则,并对传感器的布置进行优化设计。提出基于动态称重(WIM)技术对桥梁实施安全运营监测的方法,编制桥梁实时动力分析程序BDANS(Bridge Dynamic Analysis System)梁式桥动力分析功能模块,分析桥梁在随机车流作用下的结构动力特性,建立车辆超载超限分级预警管理系统与桥梁结构承载力安全状况分级预警管理系统。该监测系统可实时连续地监测桥梁,并对桥梁的安全运营状况进行评估。     

装配式钢桥健康监测及安全评价系统的设计

分析装配式公路钢桥结构特点,介绍装配式公路钢桥健康监测系统的组成,提出应用中常见的问题及其对策。实践表明:应用钢桥健康监测系统,可以延长钢桥使用寿命,节约维护费用。     

基于BIM+GIS的在役桥梁智慧运管平台架构研究

桥梁作为交通运输基础设施的“咽喉”,是交通安全的重要组成部分。随着信息技术的快速发展,鉴于我国拥有着巨大规模的大型桥梁群,故迫切需要建立桥梁群智能管养平台。本文将BIM与GIS集成技术应用到在役桥梁的智慧管养平台建设中,介绍了平台整体架构及主要功能。通过宏观地理空间与微观结构信息相结合,实时获取桥梁基础信息数据和状态监测信息,是运营、维护、提升桥梁实物资产的战略性和系统性的过程,重点是基于高质量的数据信息,通过工程和经济分析,确定检查、保养、修复、更换活动的结构性序列,使桥梁资产在全寿命周期内以最小的实际成本保持预期状态,大大提高了工作效率和管理水平。     

Development of a bridge maintenance system for prestressed concrete bridges using 3D digital twin model

Abstract

Preventive maintenance is increasingly becoming an essential strategy in the bridge industry owing to its proactive advantage of maintaining the structural sustainability during its entire service life. Several in-use bridges lack an appropriate regular maintenance solution, leading to extra cost during the operation stage. This paper proposes a new generation of the bridge maintenance system by using a digital twin model concept for more reliable decision-making. A detailed solution is proposed in this work to enhance the bridge maintenance process using a parallel solution: a maintenance information management system based on a 3D information model in conjunction with a digital inspection system using image processing. Three-dimensional digital models are required to utilise information from the entire lifecycle of a project, including design and construction, operation, and maintenance, by continuously exchanging and updating data from each stakeholder. For the maintenance of prestressed concrete bridges, the twin models are defined and their uses are presented.     

中小跨径桥梁电子通用图重用机制

分析了中小跨径桥梁设计领域桥梁设计单位图纸的重用需求,建立了基于桥梁设计领域和面向系统设计的通用图重用机制,在此基础上实现了中小跨径桥梁电子通用图管理系统,该系统利用DXF图纸的几何特征及结构化特征,设计了通用图纸信息的自动提取模型,完成了对通用图纸和用户图纸的管理集成。实践结果表明,该系统在帮助图纸收集、组织、存储、定位、获取方面具有显著效果。     

结构健康监测技术在超大跨城市钢箱梁高架桥变形监测中的应用

大跨径桥梁的轻柔化及形式与功能的复杂化,使桥梁结构健康监测技术成为国内外工程界的研究热点.通过在L32联钢箱梁内部布设分布式监测光纤,构建神经网络式桥梁智能监测系统,实现城市大跨度钢箱梁桥梁受力变形状态的在线安全监测;并通过及时处理分析监测数据,随时掌握桥梁的安全状况,能够实现长期运营阶段的在线监测.     

Maintenance plan optimization system for existing concrete bridge groups

In the present study a comprehensive decision support system is developed for the formation of maintenance strategies with/without annual budget limitations. This system is based on life-cycle cost analysis of an entire bridge inventory, which comprises part of a highway network. The formulation of an optimum bridge maintenance program for an entire stock of bridge structures has been impeded historically by insufficient information concerning the existing structural conditions. The capability of this optimization system was enhanced by employing Genetic Algorithms in the formation of semi-optimal solutions. This system was tested by employing to formulate a set of semi-optimal bridge management programs for a set of selected existing bridges representing a typical al bridge inventory.     

谈桥梁养护管理存在的问题及相应对策

介绍了已经破坏的桥梁表现出的问题,分析了公路桥梁的改造现状,阐述了桥梁养护管理的对策,提出了加强桥梁养护管理的几点建议,以期指导实际中的桥梁养护和管理工作,确保桥梁结构的安全。