FROM COMPETITION,COEXISTENCE TO WIN-WIN — RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INTELLIGENT DESIGN TOOLS AND HUMAN DESIGNERS

With its increasingly wide application in the fields of architecture and urban planning, intelligent design tools require a review on its essence, core value, and evolution. Based on her several years’ experience of research and practice, the author points out that one of the essential characteristics of intelligent design tools is their ability to actively interact with humans (such as the assessment, optimization, and feedback of human designer’s schemes). The core value of intelligent design tools lies in that they can liberate human designers from repetitive work and break down the barriers in communicating design knowledge and ideas. Human designers and intelligent design tools both have their own strengths in the real practices; the two should complement each other and make progress together. Being a product of inspiration and integration between emerging sciences, such as artificial intelligence, and traditional design disciplines, intelligent design tools will enjoy an ever-expanding realm of application. It will facilitate cross-disciplinary cooperation in Architecture, Urban Planning, and Landscape Architecture at varied scales, which not only promotes explorations on design philosophy and deep design values, but also help improve design quality and the overall efficiency of the industry.     

Future horizons in building environmental engineering

The paper brings together many current themes of interest and stimulates the reader to be aware that in creative work there has to be something beyond technical competence; there has to be a committed energy, desire and love in the work being created. The author confirms that buildings modify climate; they influence behaviour and culture; they affect the distribution of resources and the ecological pattern of our planet, whilst human aspirations can only be met when climate, buildings and people are in balance.     

Future horizons in building environmental engineering

The paper brings together many current themes of interest and stimulates the reader to be aware that in creative work there has to be something beyond technical competence; there has to be a committed energy, desire and love in the work being created. The author confirms that buildings modify climate; they influence behaviour and culture; they affect the distribution of resources and the ecological pattern of our planet, whilst human aspirations can only be met when climate, buildings and people are in balance.     

A ‘Creative Class’ in South Africa’s Arid Karoo Region

There is an increasing number and variety of creative small enterprises in South Africa’s desert Karoo region. The Karoo has come to acquire considerable cachet in recent years and is being rebranded as a desirable tourist destination. It has also attracted many well-qualified and experienced migrants from urban areas. This paper draws on mainstream ‘lifestyle media’ coverage to describe this phenomenon and examines it through a lens informed by Richard Florida’s influential work, The Rise of the Creative Class. The concept of the ‘creative class’ refers to those people who make a living from creative pursuits, including artists, designers and knowledge-based professionals. The paper analyses a sample of entrepreneurs in-migrants to the Karoo, and speculates on what informs the recent re-visioning of the region. It posits the new rural ‘creative class’ as a form of social capital and explores some of the implications of this for the socio-economic upliftment of the Karoo.     

From Slime Mold to Meta

Stirred by the latest research findings on spatial sense and decision-making machinery of slime molds and the rename of Facebook to Meta, the author discusses human’s ability of spatial cognition. Compared with human’s indifferent trial-and-error approaches, slime molds are not inferior to humans in ability of spatial perception and design. Similarly, both slime molds and human beings pursue a balanced beauty under their desire and instinct for survival, in forms of colony shapes and spatial design, respectively. Inspired by the slime mold experiment, the author concerns that in the virtual reality of Metaverse promoted by Facebook, human culture depending on the place, space, and time may disappear, and city image will be erased as well; If geographical constraints no longer exist, do human activities still have meaning? This now is a new challenge to urban and landscape design.     

THE IMPACTS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON DESIGN

This interview centers on Artificial Intelligence and its possible applications in design fields. Yu Liu, the interviewee, explains the role of data in Artificial Intelligence, the boundary for Deep Learning, Artificial Intelligence’s function to aid design, and its future development. Liu also discusses how Artificial Intelligence can work within some particular fields, and the creative and ethical limits of Artificial Intelligence, especially in the design fields, which are between sensibility and rationality. Besides, he explains why Artificial Intelligence cannot take the place of human designers. In spite of this, Artificial Intelligence can be used to do repetitive or routine tasks so that designers can put more focus on design innovation and user experience optimization.     

文化创意 产城融合的催化剂

文章试图结合上海嘉定区发展文化创意产业的实践,着重研究文化创意产业发展的空间和路径,并提出在郊区的城市化进程中,文化创意产业是产业和城市融合的催化剂。同时,强调要警惕文化创意产业的泡沫化发展和文化工业的消极影响,呼吁对文化生态的保护。     

主编寄语

Through his recent visits to three cities facing severe and challenging living environment, the author had a deeper insight into the symbiosis between human and nature. In Mexico City, the capital of Mexico, urban construction practices against floods and for water supply encroach on natural ecological infrastructure, resulting in the exhaustion of local water resource, city sinking, and erased indigenous cultural landscape of floating gardens. In Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, where water bodies are heavily polluted, scarce urban parks become the only refuge for citizens. Finally in Bangkok, the capital of Thailand, estuary gates built to block floods invade the once prosperous canals, accelerating the decline of floating communities and markets and exacerbating traffic congestion and air pollution. Learning from these cases, cities must become better at territorial spatial planning and have the foresight to develop and grow while preserving and improving existing ecosystems. Essentially, territorial spatial planning and ecological restoration is to work with and by nature that would provide generous ecosystem services for humans, and, eventually, to increase people’s well-being and enhance cities’ development of sustainability.     

建筑学专业全面素质教育与高等数学课程改革的思考

本文讨论了知识、素质和能力的关系,并从我国的素质教育联系国际上开发脑力的智力革命,认为富于创造的全脑 型人才是高素质的。建筑师最重要的能力是创造性能力。一般院校的传统建筑学专业师生重视的课程都是锻炼右脑的,为使未 来的建筑师成为全脑型的高素质人才,锻炼左脑的首选课程是高等数学,但内容要改革调整,其方向是数形结合、注重几何形体的 数学描述。     

哪个因素更能促进城市经济的发展——创意阶层抑或传统因素?

问题:理查德·佛罗里达(Richard Florida)关于创意阶层的著作引起了全球范围的关注,并对规划者和地方政府官员产生了影响.相对于已有的经济发展政策,政府开始实施吸引并留住创意阶层人才的政策——这些创意阶层人才更喜好舒适和有吸引力的生活方式.然而,关于创意阶层因素是否和传统上认可的地域和制度因素一样,能有效推动区域增长和发展,尚缺乏有力的证据.目的:本文通过对比区域创造能力指标和传统竞争因素,探讨了创意阶层的存在和区域经济发展之间的关系.方法:考察了理查德·佛罗里达提出的创意阶层指标之间的相互影响,及其与美国大都市区经济发展的一般指标之间的关系;利用多元回归模型,比较了佛罗里达提出的指标和经济竞争力的传统指标对城市就业增长、收入提高和工作不稳定性产生的影响.结果和结论:研究发现佛罗里达提出的各项指标在总体上与大都市区经济表现的变化并不相关.具体来说,在解释大都市区就业,收入增长以及就业不稳定性方面,人力资本和产业结构等指标与人才、包容性以及技术等因素的解释力相似或者更有说服力.对实践的启示:研究发现建立在佛罗里达创意阶层假设上的指标与良好经济绩效之间的相关性并不比传统的竞争力指标更强,因此本文并不提倡采用那些主要为吸引创意阶层的策略去替代传统的经济发展策略.研究也同时表明,那些支持教育、企业创业、产业多样化的规划,更有可能成为促进经济发展的有效政策工具.     

国土空间规划体系中 景观设计学科与行业的困惑及机遇

A true understanding of Ecological Civilization Construction is key to comprehend the connotation and goals of China’s territorial spatial planning, which echoes the ideological keynote of the country’s upgrade of socio-economic development mode. Missioned as a means to public policy making, territorial spatial planning develops roadmaps for Ecological Civilization Construction by addressing macro spatial governance problems such as the shortage of resources, severe environmental pollution, and ecosystem degradation. Furthermore, the author interprets the relationship between ecological restoration and territorial spatial planning system, and argues that the territorial spatial planning system should employ a macro-medium-micro hierarchy in scale while focusing on life-circle ecological restoration planning and implementation. In addition to the necessity of developing crossadministrative border plans, the author emphasizes the importance of multi-disciplinary cooperation. Then, he points out that "The Two Assessment Standards" should value regional characteristics and avoid to indiscriminately apply planning and design patterns in different cases. Finally, the author puts forward suggestions to practitioners in Landscape Architecture and other allied professions to prepare themselves by selfretraining with new concepts, methodologies, and technologies to be more competent for the contemporary needs of territorial spatial planning.     

设计约束条件与创造性思维的强化训练

对学生创造性思维能力的培养，是建筑教育极为关键的任务之一，必须找到具有方法论意义上的手段，本文论证了设计约束条件所具备的这种性能，据此提出了在教学中，将单纯约束强化训练与多约束综合训练结合起来的设想，形成约束递增的训练模块，以此强化创造性思维的训练。     

PARTICIPATION,INTERPRETATION, AND REPRESENTATION OF LANDSCAPE DESIGN

At the beginning of this interview, Zhang Dong, partner of Z+T Studio, believes that landscapes of each nation should be closely rooted in its own culture and designing landscapes which praise China’s cultural identity should be a part of Chinese designers’ values and beliefs. Beside of integrating with strategies of sustainability and resilience, landscape design should also combine with environmental education. Zhang summarizes a landscape design process into “two objective aspects and one subjective aspect,” and points out that a designer’s professional knowledge, social values, and aesthetic preferences together influence his / her acquisition of information from sites and the design what and how he / she will make. While recognizing the importance of ecology and public participation to landscape design, he stresses that design essentially is to solve problems in a creative way and landscape designers should not neglect the fundamentality of spatial creation and aesthetics to the profession and the discipline. Finally, he explains the Whole- Process Participation design mode adopted by Z+T Studio, and how it helps improve designers’ capacity in observation and representation.     

Citizen Participation in Planning: The Relationship Between Objectives and Techniques

Problem: As Richard Florida's writings about the creative class garnered attention across the globe, planners and local government officials responded by enacting policies to attract and retain creative workers, often favoring spending for amenity and lifestyle attractions over more established economic development approaches. It is not clear, however, if the presence of these workers drives regional growth and development as effectively as more traditionally accepted place-based and institutional factors.

Purpose: In this article we explore the relationships between the presence of the creative class and regional economic performance, contrasting measures of regional creative capacity with traditional competitiveness factors.

Methods: We examine how Florida's creative class measures correlate with each other and with common indicators of economic performance for U.S. metropolitan areas. We also estimate multivariate regression models to compare the influence of Florida's measures to those of more traditional indicators of economic competitiveness on metropolitan job growth, income growth, and job instability.

Results and conclusions: We find that differences in Florida's measures of creativity are not generally associated with differences in metropolitan economic performance. Indicators of human capital and industry composition perform as well or better than talent, tolerance, and technology in explaining metropolitan job and income growth and job instability.

Takeaway for practice: Since we find measures derived from Florida's creative class hypotheses to be no more associated with positive economic outcomes than traditional competitiveness measures, we do not advocate replacing traditional economic development strategies with those based primarily on attracting the creative class. Programs supporting education, business creation, and industrial diversity are more likely to be effective tools for promoting economic well-being.

Research support: We received support from the Center for the Study of the American South and the Office of Economic and Business Development's Program on Southern Politics, Media, and Public Life, both of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.     

The social network among engineering design teams and their creativity: A case study among teams in two product development programs

Since the creative product development task requires the teams to combine and integrate input from multiple other teams, the team’s structure of interaction is an important determinant of their creativity. In this study we investigate different structural aspects of social networks of such team’s and their creativity within two multinational product development programs (PDPs). There are two main results. First, teams with a wider range of informational links are better to realize creative novel and feasible output. Second, in contrast to prior findings our results indicate that network efficiency and the creativity of teams relate negatively. This suggests that direct contacts contribute much more to creativity than open network structures. In managerial terms our investigation indicates that the network structure of teams in PDPs is an important issue to consider when designing such programs and that tools should be available to assist their direct interaction.     

Urban Wildness as Another Civilization

Ever since humans used branches and polished stones as weapons and tools, and made containers with clay, they had begun to get civilized apart from the wildness. With fossil energy and mechanical technology, cities, farmlands, and gardens have been constantly displacing the nature, and the wildness is disappearing. Human beings lost their instinct of wildness, lonely and dispirited. Nowadays, it is time to call for the return toward wildness. Urban wildness exists both in wildscapes and the human-intervention-free natural process or wild creatures. It is key to sustaining a healthy urban ecosystem as it can work with the laws of nature and the internal deep order as a natural ecosystem. Inspired by the aesthetics of urban wildness, humans explore the unknown world by their instinct. For me, the Fengshui forest and courtyard pond in my childhood and the relics in Yuan-ming Yuan were all unforgettable wildness. Today’s ecological civilization enters a new era that embraces wildness, and defending urban wildness is the only way for humans to move toward a higher level of civilization.     

文化创意产业面临新的发展历史机遇——浅谈上虞青瓷文化创意基地创作历程

本文阐述了上虞青瓷文化创意基地的创作历程,立足当地的历史人文及青瓷文化并结合各地案例,提出了在新时期文化产业建设中,应坚持政策上以政府引导为主,在规划推进中充分发挥民间文化产业力量,从而带动旅游资源的联动效应。     

概念极至塑造精品--由贝聿铭的卢浮宫大金字塔所想到的

通过对卢浮宫大金字塔的亲身感受,提出了建筑设计应遵循设计概念极至的原则,做好每个设计中的各项内容,才能产生建筑精品.     

双城记——《城之理念》与《城市建筑学》

通过对《城市建筑学》中潜藏的"人"要素的挖掘,与《城之理念》之间建立起比较阅读的桥梁。在此平台之上,通过两剧中的一"人"两角,同剧中的一"人"两角以及它剧中的一"人"两角现象,层层深入地揭示对于"人"的主观能动塑造。根据不同理论框架的需要"人"变换着角色,因此它们为着特定的领域而存在,解决着特定的问题。"容忍"不同领域中不同理论的存在,理论才能真正成为建筑师手中的武器。