城市道路地下空间与共同沟

如何综合开发利用城市道路的上下部公共空间 ,是城市现代化发展过程中需要认真考虑的重要课题之一。发达国家城市现代化发展经验表明 ,综合利用城市道路空间 ,尤其是城市道路地下空间 ,积极建设集城市各种生命管线设施为一体的共同沟是城市道路空间有效利用的重要途径之一。本文简要阐述了日本共同沟与城市道路共同发展的经验 ,并较为详细地介绍了日本共同沟的分类、规划、设计、施工等情况 ,供有关城市开发建设部门借鉴与参考     

城市道路桥梁的疲劳荷载谱

我国针对公路及城市道路桥梁疲劳设计的车辆荷载谱还是个空白,本文以上海市内环线中山路3号桥地面道路桥梁为例,对城市道路桥梁的疲劳荷载作了研讨.在1994年和1995年两次交通调查的基础上,得到了由18类日常典型的运营车辆组成的荷载频值谱.依据等效的疲劳损伤原理,将实测的车辆荷载频值谱简化成由6类模型车辆组成的具有实用性的荷载频值谱.所建立的模型车辆荷载频值谱,对于日常车辆交通构成与本文状况相类似的其它城市道路桥梁的疲劳损伤度验算,可作为参考.     

温州市解放南路改造

方案从城市设计的角度出发．在本地块中央形成一椭圆形广场，并将当初规划中横穿中心区的城市道路改为两条地下单行道，从而将机动交通与步行人流彻底分离、创造一种全新的城市休闲商业空间.     

Optimal policies for electromobility: Joint assessment of transport and electricity distribution costs in Norway

This paper develops a stylized economic model for passenger transport in the greater Oslo area, in which the agents' choices of car ownership, transport pattern, and electric vehicle (EV) charging are jointly determined. If enough EVs charge during peak hours, costly grid expansions may be needed. We examine how the distribution system operators can mitigate these costs with different pricing schemes and how this, in turn, affects the transport market equilibrium. We find that applying tariffs differentiated between peak and off-peak periods will help strike a better balance between grid investment costs and EV-owners’ disutility of charging during off-peak hours.     

Governance of Future Urban Mobility: A Research Agenda

ABSTRACT

Questions about how to plan and govern for future urban mobility are reaching a critical point as Australian cities are faced with disruption to transport and urban systems arising from new forms of shared mobility services and the rise of autonomous vehicles. An industry engagement workshop, drawing on the insights of participants from public and private sectors of the industry, articulated a large array of complex and interrelated questions highlighting the uncertainty and scarcity of knowledge. These questions are grouped into three key themes concerning how implementation may take place, what the impacts of the uptake of these emerging transport technologies may be and how to understand them. The resultant research agenda is vast and one of multi-complexity by space, time and institutionally.     

城市地铁施工期间交通组织分析及改善建议——以成都市地铁二号线为例

针对地铁施工期间城市道路交通组织对策的实施情况,以成都市地铁二号线站点调查数据为基础,归纳分析各站点主要交通变动元素,对矛盾突出的典型站点进行深入调研,总结出各主要交通变动元素的组织对策,并分步行空间、机动车和公交系统三类对象提出改善实施方法的思路及建议,以期改善地铁施工范围内交通状况,并为后续地铁施工制定交通组织方案提供参考。     

ROBOAT: A FLEET OF AUTONOMOUS BOATS FOR AMSTERDAM

Historically, in cities with robust systems of canals and rivers, boats were used for the movement of freight and people. In recent decades, this transport has shifted to trucks, vans, and cars, compromising the environment and livability of these cities. In this article we explore how an emerging technology, autonomous vehicles, can foster the re-appropriation of an urban infrastructure — in this case, the deployment of a fleet of autonomous boats in the city of Amsterdam, the Netherlands, which is imagined not only to serve multiple purposes, but also to become a novel urban infrastructure. The ideas range from the micro scale (public dashboards for water quality data) to the macro (a network of autonomous platforms that collect fresh produce from farms and combine together to form floating farmer’s markets). These ideas seek to engage the realities of everyday life in the city and propose Roboat as a platform to help citizens negotiate the 21st century urban life.     

城市地下交通系统规划研究——以青岛市为例

城市用地紧张,城市空间资源日益短缺,城市建设过程中出现了交通拥挤、环境污染等一系列影响城市现代化进程的"城市病",开发利用地下空间已提到日程.交通矛盾的核心是行车密度过大和行车速度过低,以及人流与车流的混杂.这些问题单靠拓宽道路和设置立体交叉是不能完全解决的,采取分流措施才是有效的途径.开发利用地下空间可以从根本上分流交通运行状况,改善城市动态交通和静态交通.笔者在参考国外城市地下交通系统规划的基础上对青岛市地下交通系统进行了规划,提出了地下交通系统与地下空间开发利用的关系.     

楚雄市城市道路交通现状及对策研究

基于文献阅读、资料查询、实地调查等,对道路网现状、车辆保有量现状、道路交通流构成对楚雄市城市道路交通现状进行了研究,研究表明目前楚雄市城市道路交通存在人车混行严重,车多路窄、行车困难等问题,最后针对这些问题提出了相应的对策。     

A new PCM storage system for managing simultaneously solar and electric energy

A new hybrid thermal energy storage system (HTESS), using phase change materials, is proposed for managing simultaneously the storage of heat from solar and electric energy. Solar energy is stored during sunny days and released later at night or during cloudy days and, to smooth power demands, electric energy is stored during off-peak periods and later used during peak periods. A heat transfer model of the HTESS is developed and validated with experimental data. Simulations carried out for a period of 4 consecutive winter months indicate that, with such a system, the electricity consumption for space heating is reduced by nearly 32%. Also, more than 90% of the electric energy is consumed during off-peak hours. For electricity markets where time-of-use rate schemes are in effect, the return on the investment in such a thermal storage system is very attractive.     

湘西小城镇特色商业街区规划研究——以城步苗族自治县民族大道为例

本文通过对湘西苗疆地区特色文化的溯源,引入城市形态学的概念,分析湘西苗疆小城镇特色商业街区意象的构成元素,并以城步苗族自治县民族大道规划为例,进一步将理论与实践相结合,通过对规划城镇区域的社会经济、历史文化背景进行调查研究,建设目标合理的定位,从总体布局、交通组织、街道界面、开敞空间和标志性建筑装饰等方面对湘西小城镇特色商业街区规划进行有益的探讨。     

A methodology for scheduling within-day roadway work zones using deep neural networks and active learning

City infrastructure agencies routinely implement road projects that address various elements of urban infrastructure. The majority of these projects are short-term in nature (e.g., utility repair), as they are completed in a few hours within 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. of a workday. The implementation of these projects during working hours, in spite of the inconvenience imposed on road users, helps the agency avoid extra labor costs associated with nonregular working hours. Careful scheduling of these projects can prevent unduly increased travel delays (road users’ interest) while keeping project costs low (the agency's interest). This study presents a bi-level framework for scheduling short-term urban road projects that analyzes the implicit tradeoffs between the two stakeholders’ interests. The upper-level model establishes the optimal schedule considering the project characteristics, such as cost and duration. The lower-level model captures the dynamic user equilibrium conditions that yield the road users’ path and departure time choices. The bi-level model is a mixed-integer program with nonlinear constraints. Recognizing the relatively low efficiency of traditional solution methods, this paper proposes a deep-neural-network-ensemble-assisted active learning (DN2EA2L) algorithm and adopts a fixed-point algorithm for solving the bi-level model. The numerical experiment uses the Sioux Falls network to demonstrate the efficiency of the DN2EA2L, compared to conventional metaheuristic methods. It is shown that travel time increases due to the project implementation during the peak hours can outweigh the agency's saving in wage costs. Further, it is shown that a significant reduction in the road users’ value of time enables the agency to schedule more projects during regular working hours.     

浅层顶管隧道施工对路基变形影响数值分析

随着社会城市化进程的推进,地下空间的开发和利用越来越受到人们的重视.顶管法作为一种非开挖技术近年来在城市电力电缆隧道以及跨越河流、公路、铁路等地段备类地下管道普遍采用.然而,浅层顶管穿越路基引起的地层变形会对公路路面构成一定的风险,项管施工对周围环境的影响越来越受到人们的重视.本文结合西气东输二线南昌-上海支干线7标段...     

救援车辆通行畅通可靠度模糊综合评价方法研究

突发事件发生后救援车辆必须能尽快赶赴现场施救,但路网交通流的随机变化特性往往会影响救援车辆的通行效率,引入可靠性理论对路网交通流影响下的救援车辆畅通通行可靠性进行分析。考虑到救援车辆出行高效率要求以及优先通行特性,依据实地调研结果将救援车辆通行畅通程度划分为五个等级,在此基础上提出救援车辆通行畅通可靠度的概念,并依据道路网络拓扑结构将道路网络分为道路单元、路径以及路网三级,依次构造救援车辆通行畅通可靠度的模糊综合评价模型。首次考虑路网交通供需随机变化对救援车辆出行的影响,其研究成果的可操作性和实用性较强,为救援管理部门对救援管理系统进行科学评价和合理规划提供良好的借鉴和参考。     

Fuzzy and feedforward control of an hybrid thermal energy storage system

A control model for operating a system that stores simultaneously sensible heat from solar and electric energy is proposed. The hybrid thermal energy storage system accumulates solar energy during sunny days and releases it later at night or during cloudy days. It also stores heat from an electric heater during off-peak periods so as to release it later during peak periods. The control model, which makes use of 24-h weather forecasts, comprises two types of controllers: a fuzzy logic controller for estimating the daily amount of thermal electric energy to be stored and a feedforward controller for determining the electricity consumption profile of the heating element during off-peak hours. Results indicate that the proposed control system is far superior to traditional control systems. It maintains a comfortable thermal environment at all times, i.e. the temperature fluctuations are kept within the imposed margins and overheating of the room never occurs. Furthermore, compared to a traditional electric base board heating system, it reduces the electricity consumption for the winter season by 24% and 94% of this electricity is consumed during off-peak hours.     

重归自然的生态长廊环保安全的绿色之路——上海浦东五洲大道绿化设计

城市高速干道绿带作为城市绿地系统的重要组成部分,具有绿化面积大、线路长、观赏视线变化多样等特征。以上海浦东五洲大道绿化设计为例,在对城市快速干道的道路绿化系统进行深入分析的基础上,针对近年来此类工程设计过度强调景观效果的现象,提出了其绿化设计在注重环境景观功能之外,还应强调生态功能、环保功能和安全功能,力图将五洲大道建设成为一条符合可持续发展的自然生态长廊和环保安全之路。     

利用地下空间建设,完善城市慢速交通

该文分析了当前我国城市化进程中地下空间建设的现状特点,提出利用地下空间建设完善城市中心区的慢速交通体系,以改善城市拥堵。主张从地下空间机动车道及停车位的社会化、地下空间机动车道与地面道路有效衔接、利用地下空间开发来建设多种等级和类型的机动车道。在城市详细规划阶段结合地下空间进行地块出让的要点设置等措施入手,全面完善地面、地下一体化的城市中心区慢速交通体系。     

基于共享单车大数据的城市型自行车绿道选线规划途径研究

城市型自行车绿道对于鼓励居民慢行出行,缓解城市交通拥堵具有非常重要的价值。从共享单车社会行为大数据和绿地空间利用潜力分析两方面内容入手,构建了一个基于实际使用需求和城区可建设空间的城市型自行车绿道选线规划途径,并以北京海淀区为例开展实证探索。选线规划途径主要包括:利用共享单车起点—终点数据,并运用熵值法建立评价指标体系进行绿地节点利用潜力分析,确定关键连接节点;通过共享单车轨迹数据得到自行车使用的道路热度,提取现状线性绿地廊道,生成自行车绿道连接的土地适宜性成本栅格;利用连接节点和成本栅格计算最低成本路径,划定绿道选线。该选线途径将随着城市大数据的进一步丰富和准确而得到完善,具有很好的未来应用前景。     

基于客流量和道路条件分析城市公交车型

在城市公交快速发展的今天,公交车呈现多元化的发展趋向,但不同城市对公交车的需求也不尽相同。合理选择公交车辆,既能保证公交规划线网整体运能的提高,满足不同层次出行的要求,同时有利于公交企业提高公交服务质量和节约成本。在充分分析公交客流和道路条件的基础上,提出了合理选择公交车的两个依据,一是根据客流量的大小决定公交车型,二是根据道路现状条件决定公交车型。最后以苏州3路车为例,介绍选择依据和选择结果。     

基于交通因素的日常生活圈环境健康出行 适老化研究——以南京市中心城区为例

15min生活圈能够提升老年人群健康安全的生活质量。老年人群与城市绿地的连接既依赖道路体系，又面临空气污染隐患。基于大数据与ArcGIS平台，从绿地可达性视角展开对南京市中心城区“绿-居-人”体系的空间分布研究。从健康出行视角综合判断绿地规划、可达便利与老年人群的呼吸健康。研究发现如下。1)老城区中50岁及以上的人口占比(4.23%)高于新城区(2.86%),1997年及之前的老旧小区面积占比高达64%。2)老城区有67%的居住区在绿地15min步行范围内，是新城区的2倍多。以老城区为中心向外辐射，绿地对老年人群的服务效能逐级降低。3)老城区绿地受到的道路空气污染压力约为新城区的2倍。可达性高的绿地，所受道路污染源影响也更大。主干道对绿地空气污染压力的源头供给占40%，对绿地可达性的支持达33%。提倡为老年人群出行构建健康绿色路网，满足绿地15min可达和低空气污染。研究成果对城市更新中统筹绿地、路网、居住区布局，优化生活圈适老化环境具有一定借鉴价值。