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质子交换膜在燃料电池中的应用 总被引:8,自引:3,他引:8
质子交换膜(PEM)燃料电池以质子交换膜为电解质,燃料电池的性能强烈地依赖于质子交换膜的特性。本文综述PEM电池对质子交换膜的技术要求及该膜的检测和在燃料电池中的应用情况。 相似文献
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燃料电池用质子交换膜的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
介绍了各种新型质子交换膜(PEM)的研究开发状况,阐述了对全氟磺酸树脂膜改性的研究进展,并对质子交换膜的研究方向和趋势进行了预测. 相似文献
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To address the problem of fuel starvation in fuel-cell electric vehicles,which causes cell voltage reversal and results in cell failure when repeated continuously,we developed a reversal-tolerant anode(RTA) to promote water oxidation in preference to carbon corrosion.Graphitized carbon-supported Ir-Ru alloys with different compositions are employed as RTA catalysts in an acidic polyol solution and are shown to exhibit composition-dependent average crystallite sizes of <5.33 nm.The adopted approach allows the generation of relatively well-dispersed Ir-Ru alloy nanoparticles on the carbon support without severe agglomeration.The activity of IrRu2/C for the hydrogen oxidation reaction is 1.10 times that of the stateof-the-art Pt/C catalyst.Cell reversal testing by simulation of fuel starvation reveals that the durability of IrRu2/C(~7 h) significantly exceeds that of the conventional Pt/C catalyst(~10 min) and is the highest value reported so far.Thus,the developed Ir-Ru alloy catalyst can be used to fabricate practical RTAs and replace Pt catalysts in the anodes of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. 相似文献
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燃料电池是一种非常有前景的新能源体系。燃料电池不使用热力发动机,利用电极和电解质界面发生的化学反应直接将燃料的化学能转换成电能,反应不受卡诺循环限制,因此,具有高的能量转换效率。在燃料电池中,质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)在便携式设备、交通运输以及固定装置领域具有重要的应用前景。然而,目前的PEMFC还存在一些问题,主要包括高成本、功率不足、稳定性差等问题,限制了其大规模商业化应用。这些问题的根本原因在于PEMFC中阴极催化剂、气体扩散层、质子交换膜和双极板等关键材料的成本和性能还不能满足PEMFC商业化的要求。要实现PEMFC的大规模应用,需要开发先进的阴极催化剂、气体扩散层、质子交换膜和双极板等关键材料。针对PEMFC对低成本、高性能先进材料的需求,本文综述了阴极催化剂、气体扩散层、质子交换膜和双极板等关键材料的研究进展以及应用面临的问题,并指出了未来的发展方向:加强铂合金催化剂以及金属-氮-碳(M-N-C)化合物催化剂的规模化制备工艺的探索;制备兼具高质子传导率和优异力学性能的质子交换膜;详细研究改性气体扩散层在不同的工况条件下对PEMFC性能的影响;开发具有优良耐蚀性和导电性的涂层或新型金属材料用于双极板。 相似文献
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制备廉价、高活性氧还原催化剂对于发展氢氧燃料电池清洁能源极为重要.在本论文中,我们利用黑木耳作为生物质材料,通过一种便捷的方法合成了高活性氧还原催化剂.黑木耳经水热和热解两个步骤,碳化形成BF-N-950催化剂.该催化剂在酸性和碱性溶液中的半波电势分别为0.77和0.91 V.采用BF-N-950催化剂作为膜电极得到的氢氧燃料单电池,峰值功率可达255 mW cm^-2.本文提出了使用生物质材料合成高性能氧还原催化剂的方法,为氢氧燃料电池的应用提供了有益探索. 相似文献
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质子交换膜燃料电池用金属双极板表面改性的研究进展 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
双极板是质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)的重要组成部分,起收集传导电流、分隔氧化剂和燃料以及支撑电池堆等作用,占整个电池质量和成本的很大比重。目前PEMFC双极板材料主要有石墨、金属及相关复合材料。与其他双极板相比,金属双极板因具有导电导热性好、机械强度高、易加工和成本低等优点而受到重视,但其面临腐蚀及表面层钝化影响电池性能等问题。为此,国内外研究者对金属双极板的表面改性开展了广泛的研究,并取得了很大进展。 相似文献
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Oluwaseun Ayotunde Alo Iyiola Olatunji Otunniyi HCvZ Pienaar 《Materials and Manufacturing Processes》2019,34(8):927-955
The bipolar plate (BP) is one of the main drivers of the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack cost, and must also perform some critical functions simultaneously within the stack to ensure the required level of overall performance and durability. Therefore, the choice of material and production method for BPs that will meet the requirements for commercial BPs is crucial in PEMFC development. Compared to other material options such as graphite and composites, metals are more promising for the production of durable, thin, light, and low-cost BPs. However, there is still a need to reduce their processing cost through the development of cost-effective and mass production-friendly forming techniques that will not jeopardize the performance and durability of the formed plates. This paper discusses the various currently available fabrication methods for metallic BPs, with attention to their potentials for mass production and capabilities to produce plates that meet the performance and cost targets of commercial PEMFC BPs. In prospects of development drivers going forward, the potentials of hydroforming to outperform stamping for mass production of low-cost metallic plates are discussed. Current limitations facing high-quality metallic BP production and research trends are also highlighted. 相似文献
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采用溶胶-凝胶法制备燃料电池电解质材料,用Zahner Elektrik IM6e型电化学工作站对所制备的材料进行质子传导性能测试。探讨了原料配比对凝胶时间及质子传导性能的影响。用x射线衍射、DSC-TGA、MAS-NMR等对所制备的电解质材料进行了表征,探讨了其在中温、低湿条件下保持高传导性能的机理。 相似文献
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为了探索离子注入Nb不锈钢双极板在模拟质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)中的性能,采用极化曲线、恒电位试验和电化学阻抗谱等方法研究了离子注入铌316不锈钢在PEMFC环境中耐孔蚀性能的影响.研究表明:模拟PEMFC环境中316不锈钢和离子注入铌316不锈钢试样均发生孔蚀;Nb离子的注入提高了抗孔蚀性能,且随着介质温度的升高,孔蚀倾向加剧.孔蚀的诱发是离子注入铌316不锈钢表面水解形成Nb(OH)+4,导致钝化膜局部溶解破坏所致.模拟PEMFC环境中316不锈钢表面注入铌层膜电阻Rcoat、电荷转移电阻Rct升高,而注入铌层的电容值Ccoat、双电层电容Cct下降,表明注入铌层成为高电阻、低电容的阻挡层,对基体起到良好的保护作用. 相似文献
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H2-fed polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are the most advanced fuel cell technology to date and continue to be of great interest as prospective energy sources in numerous applications, including for low/zero-emission electric vehicles, distributed power generators in homes, and small portable electronic devices. However, the commercialization of PEMFC technology has been greatly hindered by certain challenges, mainly the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction at the cathode and the high cost of Pt-based cathode catalysts, the latter presently accounting for over 55% of the total PEMFC cost. To overcome the limited stability of state-of-the-art Pt/C, Pt and Pt-alloy catalysts supported on modified carbon materials have garnered significant interest in recent years. It is therefore timely to compile a review that focuses on Pt and Pt-alloy catalysts supported on modified carbon materials, examining their current R&D status, applications, challenges, and future prospects. This review provides a systematic and comprehensive survey of current Pt and Pt-alloy PEMFC cathode catalysts in terms of materials selection and design, synthesis methods, and structural features, emphasizing how these various aspects relate to the catalysts’ physicochemical characterization and performance, and with the aim of shedding light on the future direction of PEMFC research. 相似文献
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聚合物质子传导电解质膜的研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
聚合物质子传导电解质膜(或称质子交换膜)作为质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)的电解质和隔膜,其性能在很大程度上决定了PEMFC的性能.本文对目前已商业化的全氟磺酸膜和部分氟化膜以及目前正在大力开发的非氟化质子交换膜的状况及研究进展进行了介绍,并讨论了这些质子交换膜的结构、制备、性能以及它们在燃料电池中的应用. 相似文献
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