A laser interferometry instrumental complex for recording the velocity of moving surfaces in explosive experiments

The instrumental complex described is intended for recording the velocity of motion of the surface of a sample under study exposed to impact-explosion loading in gas-dynamic investigations of properties of structural materials. The velocity is determined from the Doppler wavelength shift of reflected radiation of the probing laser measured by the interferometry method. A solid-state laser with a pulse duration of >50 μs, an average power of at least 50 W, and a system for controlling the resonator quality factor, which ensures radiation stabilization for maintaining an almost rectangular pulse shape, is used as the probing-radiation source.     

一种基于高斯光束的平凹激光腔对准方法

给出了一种基于高斯光束的平凹激光腔对准方法。在高斯准直光束后加一透镜系统,恰当地调整准直高斯光束到某一种汇聚发散的状态。在这种状态下,可使由平凹腔凹面镜和平面镜反射回来的光斑直径大小相仿,解决了不加透镜系统时,两反射回来光斑直径相差很大,难于对准的问题,提高两光斑的对准精度。实验使用束腰为0.6 mm的氦氖光,其后加一优化好的透镜系统,在889 mm的距离下,对凹面镜曲率半径为50 mm的平凹腔进行对准。得到由凹面镜和平面镜反射回来的光斑直径分别为4.8 mm和5.1 mm,平凹腔的角度对准精度达到了3.18'。对准好的腔体在点亮LD后,均能出基模光斑。实验结果与理论分析相符,证明了该对准方法结构简单,执行方便。     

基于光辐射压力的激光功率测量技术

随着激光应用领域的快速拓展,超高峰值功率、超窄脉宽逐渐成为未来激光行业的重点研究方向之一,这种激光的超高电场能量给高精度的激光功率测量提出了挑战。传统的激光功率测量方法,如光电法、热释电法、量热法等逐渐显露出不适用于上述激光功率测量的缺点,此外上述方法都难以实现实时、在线测量。为了克服以上困难,需要一种新型激光功率测量原理与方法。以美国国家标准与技术研究院为代表的机构提出了一种光辐射压力测量法,该方法使激光作用在高反射率的反射镜上,激光动量形成了光辐射压力,这个力可以采用多种力学传感方式进行计量。该方法不但能实现激光功率快速、准确测量,而且不影响激光能量传输,可以实现实时、在线的激光功率测量。系统回顾了国内外通过光辐射压力测量激光功率的基本原理和系统组成,光辐射压力测量激光功率的研究现状,并对该方法的发展方向进行了展望。     

TEACO2非稳腔激光器远场光束质量的评价

研究了对虚共焦非稳腔结构的脉冲TEA CO2激光器远场光束质量进行评价的方法.首先将稳腔TEA CO2激光器加工改造成非稳腔结构;然后从实际设计加工的数据出发,用3种常用形式对其远场光束质量进行理论评价与分析,并与设计的2 kW非稳腔激光器的实测远场光强分布实验结果进行了对比.理论和实验结果表明,非稳腔能够获得接近衍射...     

基于透射式非稳腔的单纵模TEA CO_2激光器

为了获得TEA CO_2激光器高质量的单纵模输出,对种子注入锁定的TEA CO_2激光器进行了研究。首先,本文提出了一种透射耦合输出的虚共焦非稳谐振腔方案,利用Glad软件的Prony法对腔模的演化进行了仿真分析,并实验记录了近场与远场的光斑光强分布。仿真结果与实验结果吻合,验证了此腔型方案的合理性。其次,在此腔型的基础上进行了腔外种子注入锁定实验,实验结果显示:自由振荡时存在频率为195 MHz的拍信号,当种子注入锁定成功后,输出激光拍频消失,波形变光滑,峰值功率降低48.6%,脉冲产生时间缩短20ns。实验结果与已有成果吻合,验证了此种透射式非稳腔的TEA CO_2激光器具有输出高质量单纵模的能力。     

An Increase in the Energy Yield and Efficiency of the Formation of Highly Coherent Giant Pulses in a Laser Resonator with Prism Reflectors

Optical schemes of lasers with prism reflectors are described. Due to a change in the resonator geometry, an increased amount of radiation passes through in the active element, and a more complete use of the active-medium volume, these lasers make it possible to increase the efficiency of the formation of highly coherent giant pulses upon the self-injection of the initiating radiation and double giant pulses after a single photoelectric switching on of an active shutter. The radiation parameters of this type of ruby laser with self-injection of free-running or giant-pulse initiating radiation has been studied experimentally. A two-pass laser scheme allows for an almost twofold increase in the energy of giant pulses (at a level of 0.01 J).     

Laser beam quality and pointing measurement with an optical resonator

We present a compact diagnostic breadboard that is based on an optical ring resonator for measuring beam quality and pointing of single-frequency continuous wave lasers at a wavelength of 1064 nm. To determine the beam quality of the coherent test beam, this optical resonator is used to perform a mode decomposition into Hermite-Gaussian modes. For our laser system, a power fraction in the fundamental Gaussian mode of 97.2%+/-0.2% was measured. Residual misalignment and mis-mode-matching to the resonator as well as the astigmatism and/or ellipticity of the test beam have been determined. Numerical simulations showed that measurements of the M(2) factor and transversal intensity distribution are not suitable for determining this power fraction. To measure the beam pointing, the fundamental mode of the optical resonator was used as a stable reference. The pointing of the test beam was measured with the differential wave front sensing technique up to Fourier frequencies of 1 kHz with a sensitivity to relative pointing of /epsilon/=1x10(-6)/sqrt[Hz]. Pointing measurements with an alternative method were performed and showed good agreement.     

基于轴棱锥用主被动方式产生短脉冲高功率近似无衍射光

利用轴棱锥构成的Bessel-Gauss谐振腔,首次由灯泵Nd:YAG调Q激光器主动式直接输出纳秒高功率近似无衍射Bessel-Gauss光脉冲。应用衍射理论给出的Bessel-Gauss场分布模型对结果进行分析,数值模拟和实验结果基本吻合。同时利用带抗共振环(ARR)的Nd:YAG调Q激光器输出的高稳定纳秒高斯脉冲,通过Axicon的光束整形,由被动方式获得近似理想的纳秒无衍射零阶Bessel光。利用胶片扫描法记录了光强分布的精细结构,测定得出无衍射光的中心光斑半径约为90μm,峰值功率密度高达2.3×10⁹ W/cm²。分析比较了主动和被动方式产生纳秒无衍射光的特性和优缺点。     

光子晶体实验中热辐射干扰的分析

搭建了针对10.6μm波长红外光的光子晶体探测系统,分析了在使用热敏探测器测量光强时,外界的热辐射干扰对光强探测的影响及产生的原因,并计算了高斯光束在经过透镜聚焦后在焦点附近的功率密度,揭示了光阑受热后会产生大量热辐射干扰,采用窄带滤光片可显著减小前置光阑热辐射的干扰。     

Low frequency pressure modulation of indium antimonide

A lumped parameter resonator capable of generating megapascal pressures at low frequency (kilohertz) is described. Accelerometers are used to determine the applied pressure, and are calibrated with a piezoelectric sample. A laser diagnostic was also developed to measure the pressure in semiconductor samples through the band gap pressure dependence. In addition, the laser diagnostic has been used to measure the attenuation coefficient α of commercially available indium antimonide (InSb) wafers. The resonator and laser diagnostic have been used with InSb samples to verify the pressure response.     

A dye laser with small beam divergence and a stable emission spectrum

The design of a dye-laser head with a hollow cylindrical cell is described. The cell is excited from the inside by a coaxial lamp. The design of the laser head provides the possibility of transverse circulation of the dye solution, which allows generation of sharply directed radiation with a spectrum and a directional pattern that remain constant during the laser pulse. A lasing energy of 290 mJ was obtained in the laser with an ethanol solution of Rhodamin 6G in a 150-mm-long cell with inner and outer diameters of 30 and 35 mm, respectively. The use of a resonator with an interference-polarization filter resulted in the spectrum narrowing to ～0.7 nm and allowed the radiation wavelength to be tuned in a band of ～31.5 nm. The beam divergence was within 5 mrad in all cases.     

利用光压差分技术筛选细胞的影响参数

本文采用有限体积法建立了交叉型细胞分离模型,提出了一种基于光压差分的细胞筛选仿真方法,分析微流体中细胞筛选的影响因素。基于层流、流体流动粒子追踪、波动光学理论,利用有限元分析法建立了一种交叉型光学颗粒分离模型,研究了利用光压差分技术分离细胞的各种影响因素,其中包括微粒直径,激光功率、温度、光纤直径,分析了微粒在流体中因光辐射压力作用下的偏移距离。实验结果表明:在微流体中,激光功率、细胞直径、温度(20℃)和偏移距离大体上成正比关系,光纤直径和细胞直径在大小相当的情况下光辐射压力能够达到最大值,当激光通过光纤作用于直径分别为3,8和20μm的微粒时,光纤直径为7μm或8μm时光辐射压力最大,所以选用直径为8μm的单模光纤作为一个重要的实验光学器件。所得结论为深入研究细胞筛选影响因素的数值仿真精度提供了参考与借鉴。     

内置标准具光栅腔XeF(C-A)准分子激光器的线宽压缩

为了避免阳光背景干扰,针对XeF(C-A)蓝绿激光水下应用需求开展了激光线宽压缩实验以提高信噪比。采用内置标准具的光栅谐振腔开展相关实验。利用光栅腔实现亚纳米级的激光线宽输出,然后在此基础上,通过插入标准具进行更精细的激光线宽压缩实验。利用光栅腔,采用1 200线/mm光栅并提高光栅辐照面积可以实现0.14nm的激光线宽输出。腔内插入反射率为50%的标准具,可以进一步将激光线宽压缩至39pm,激光单脉冲能量约为65mJ,脉冲宽度为1μs。实验结果表明:尽管XeF(C-A)蓝绿激光器的增益系数较低,但是通过优化光栅和标准具的工作参数,对谐振腔光学损耗进行合理的控制,激光器可以实现10pm量级的激光线宽输出。     

A pulsed two-channel Nd:YAG laser with an improved spatial structure of IR radiation for prompt recording and development of photothermoplastic holograms

A two-channel Nd:YAG laser for high-speed recording and development of photothermoplastic holograms has been created. In two independent channels, the laser generates monopulse radiation of nanosecond duration (30 ns) at the second harmonic frequency (λ ₂ = 0.532 μm) and IR radiation (λ ₁ = 1.064 μm) produced by quasi-stationary free-running lasing of millisecond duration (4 ms). The radiations with wavelengths λ ₂ and λ ₁ are used, respectively, for exposure and development of photothermoplastic holograms. A method based on the use of a passive resonator is proposed to improve the spatial structure of IR radiation during lasing.     

Photothermoplastic recording of contour holograms by means of inverted wave in brillouin scattering

Thermoplastic recording of contour holograms is based on the use of dual-frequency radiation comprising the pump-wave radiation (λ-0.694 μm) and radiation of the wave inverted relative to the pump wave in Brillouin scattering. Two possible arrangements for contour holograms recording are studied: an arrangement with additional amplification of the inverted wave radiation in the laser active medium, and an arrangement with isolation of the optical circuit of the laser from the inverted laser radiation. It is found that the reduced duration of the inverted wave pulse relative to the pump-pulse width, typical of Brillouin scattering, does not cause any loss of sensitivity of the photothermoplastic material. The proposed method of recording contour holograms ensures power stability of the output dual-frequency radiation with a changing frequency interval and makes it possible to study nonstationary objects.     

A gas-discharge He–Ne laser generating monochromatic radiation with λ = 1.52 μm for testing telecommunication systems

The results of a detailed study of a gas-discharge He–Ne laser that generates monochromatic radiation with λ = 1.52 μm are presented. Such important laser parameters as the divergence of laser radiation, the laser power as a function of the temperature, the laser-power stability, and noise and spectral characteristics of radiation were measured. The attained parameters of laser radiation in the aggregate occurred to be virtually ideal for using the laser in tests of telecommunication systems. The possibility of laser microminiaturization is shown, which is of interest when using it under the conditions of a high level of electromagnetic noise.     

He-Ne激光器纵模分析实验

为了很好地验证纵模频率间隔与激光谐振腔长度之间的关系,实验中改变光学谐振腔的长度,纵模频率间隔相应地发生改变,把某一腔长下的纵模频率通过共焦球面扫描干涉仪将激光器模式输出到示波器进行显示。通过对示波器显示的频率—时间图进行分析,可以测出一定腔长下激光纵模的频率间隔,该测量值与理论计算值基本一致。     

A tapered undulator experiment at the ELBE far infrared hybrid-resonator oscillator free electron laser

A tapered undulator experiment was carried out at the ELBE far-infrared free electron laser (FEL). The oscillator FEL makes use of a hybrid optical resonator. The main motivation was to see whether the presence of a dispersive medium in the form of a waveguide in the resonator has any effect on the outcome. The FEL saturated power and the wavelength shifts have been measured as a function of both positive as well as negative undulator field amplitude tapering. In contrast to the typical high-gain FELs where positive tapering proves beneficial for the output power we observed an improvement of performance at negative taper. During the same experiments we studied the characteristics of the detuning curves. The width of the curves indicates a maximum small signal gain for zero taper while the output peak power increases with negative taper. The saturated power output, the detuning curve characteristics, and the wavelength shifts agrees with the theoretical predictions. Details of the experiment are presented.     

Tapping-mode tuning-fork near-field scanning optical microscopy of low power semiconductor lasers

The newly developed inverted tapping-mode tuning-fork near-field scanning optical microscopy (TMTF-NSOM) is used to study the local near-field optical properties of strained AlGaInP/Ga_0.4In_0.6P low power visible multiquantum-well laser diodes. In contrast to shear-force mode NSOM, TMTF-NSOM provides the function to acquire the evanescent wave intensity ratio | I (2ω)|/| I (ω)| image, from which the evanescent wave decay coefficient q can be evaluated for a known tapping amplitude. Moreover, we probe the near-field stimulated emission spectrum, which gives the free-space laser light wavelength λ_o and the index of refraction n _r of the laser diode resonant cavity. Once q , λ_o, and n _r are all measured, we can determine the angle of incidence θ_o of the dominant totally internally reflected waves incident on the front mirror facet of the resonator. Determination of such an angle is very important in modelling the stability of the laser diode resonator.     

A narrow-band source of ultraviolet radiation for laser isotope separation

A pulsed tunable laser source of ultraviolet radiation with a linewidth of <400 MHz, a pulse duration of 9 ns, and a pulse repetition rate of 11 kHz pumped by a copper-vapor laser has been developed. Its average output power at a wavelength of 276 nm is 1.5 W. A system intended for laser isotope separation contains a master oscillator based on a dye laser, two amplifying stages with an average output radiation power of 4.5 W at a wavelength of 553 nm, and a radiation-frequency doubler on a BBO crystal. The master-oscillator laser is built according to a scheme with a diffraction grating positioned at an angle close to the glancing angle, a prism beam expander, and an air-filled hermetically sealed Fabry-Perot etalon. The long-term frequency stability of the output radiation is 10 MHz/h.