Identification of new sex pheromone components inTrichoplusia ni,predicted from biosynthetic precursors

In addition to the previously identified components (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate and dodecyl acetate, sex pheromone glands ofTrichoplusia ni release (Z)-5-dodecenyl acetate, 11-dodecenyl acetate, (Z)-7-tetradecenyl acetate, and (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate. Bioassays in a flight tunnel showed that a synthetic blend of these six compounds elicited complete flights to the source from 95% of the males tested and elicited hairpenciling responses at the end of the flights from 88% of the males tested. This blend was not significantly different from intact pheromone glands, which elicited complete flights to the source from 98% of the males tested and hairpenciling responses from 91% of the males tested. In contrast, the previously identified two-component blend elicited significantly fewer complete flights to the source (33%) and did not elicit hairpenciling responses from any of the males tested. The search for additional sex pheromone components was prompted by our previous identification of unusual fatty acyl moieties in the gland that seemed to be possible biosynthetic intermediates.     

Identification of the major components in the secretion from the rectal pheromone glands of the queensland fruit fliesDacus tryoni andDacus neohumeralis (Diptera: Tephritidae)

The secretion from the rectal pheromone glands of maleDacus tryoni andDacus neohumeralis is largely a mixture of six aliphatic amides. In order of decreasing quantity these areN-3-methylbutylpropanamide,N-3-methylbutylacetamide,N-(3-methylbutyl-2-methylpropanamide,N-2-methylbutylpropanamide,N-2-methylbutylacetamide, andN-(2-methylbutyl)-2-methylpropanamide. The proportions of the various amides in the two species are similar.     

Bacterial contents of the anal and castor glands of beaver (Castor canadensis)

Bacterial contents of both the anal gland and castor gland of the beaver (Castor canadensis) were determined. Using our culture methods, no bacteria were isolated from the castor glands, but the anal gland contained high numbers of the aerobeEscherichia coli and the anaerobeBacteroides fragilis. The latter may be represented by several variants but facilities were not available for advanced anaerobic analysis. The relative numbers of each bacterial group and the group present were constant regardless of sex, age class, or colony of beaver. The bacterial fermentation hypothesis is rejected for castor gland section but remains possible for anal gland secretions based on variations seen inB. fragilis. The role of the products of both the castor gland and anal gland are discussed in relationship to scent communication in beaver.     

Volatile components of anal gland secretion of aardwolf (Proteles cristatus)

Volatile constituents of the anal gland secretion and of scent marks of the aardwolf were identified using dynamic solvent effect sampling, capillary gas-liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometry. Both scent marks and gland contents consisted mainly of short- to medium-chain fatty acids, a complex series of medium- and long-chain esters, indole, and hexanol. There were marked individual differences in the relative concentrations of the various components.     

微量元素--新一代化妆品的主力军

随着人类社会的进步、生活水准的提高,人们对美的追求也逐渐升温.在当今社会,化妆品已成为人们生活中不可缺少的护肤、美容用品,但是各类化妆品中所使用的色素、防腐剂、香料等大多为有机合成物、例如由煤焦油类合成香料,醛类合成香料、由杂质化合物合成香料,以及用芳香族化合物合成的防腐剂,还有含铅、砷和汞等的有毒物质.     

A new technique for the isolation of flavor components from fats and oils

A new continuous process for the isolation of flavor compounds from fats and oils has been developed. This new technique involves 1) countercurrent contact of the oil with steam in a 30 plate Oldershaw column, 2) condensation of the steam carrying the flavor compounds in a trap cooled with liquid nitrogen, 3) continuous liquid-liquid extraction of the condensate with a small amount of ethyl ether, and 4) removal of the solvent with a 6 plate Oldershaw column. In this process the oil is heated to 80°C. for only 12 min. The peroxide number of a reverted soybean oil only decreased from 4.1 to 3.4 meq./kg. by this treatment. Flavor compounds isolated from an oil by this new technique are characteristic of the oil. Very little decomposition occurs during the isolation process and therefore the flavor compounds isolated represent truly the flavor orginally present in the oil. Flavor compounds isolated from a reverted-but-not-rancid soybean oil when added to a bland coconut oil at a concentration of less than 10 ppm make it taste exactly like a reverted soybean oil.     

Synthesis of kairomonal 2-acylcyclohexane-1,3-dione components of larval mandibular glands ofEphestia kuehniella

Three components of the larval mandibular glands ofEphestia (=Anagasta) kuehniella, 2-(Z,E)-hexadeca-12,14-dienoylcyclohexane-1,3-dione, 2-oleoylcyclohexane-1,3-dione, and 2-linoleoylcyclohexane-1,3-dione, have been synthesized and shown to be active as kairomones.     

Preparation of gossypol from cottonseed pigment glands

Summary Cottonseed pigment glands, produced from whole cottonseed meal and defatted cottonseed meal by the gland flotation process, have been investigated as a raw material for the production of gossypol. Methods based on the previously reported properties of gossypol and cottonseed pigment glands have been developed for the relatively rapid isolation of gossypol from pigment glands. Extraction of gossypol from pigment glands with acetone followed by precipitation of gossypol acetic acid from the extract was found to be the preferable method for obtaining pure gossypol in good yields. The precautions which must be applied in order to produce gossypol on a large scale by the acetone-acetic acid method are discussed together with methods for the purification and preservation of gossypol. Presented at the Fall Meeting of the American Oil Chemsits' Society, October 20–22, 1947. One of the laboratories of the Bureau of Agricultural and Industrial Chemistry, Agricultural Research Administration, U. S. Department of Agriculture.     

Flotation feldspar concentrate — new raw material for producing components from electrical engineering porcelain

Translated from Steklo i Keramika, No. 8, pp. 20–21, August, 1990.     

Identification of unique pheromone components for soybean looper mothPseudoplusia includens

Analysis of sex pheromone glands from individual female soybean looper moths showed that in addition to the previously identified main component (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate, the compounds dodecyl acetate, 11-dodecenyl acetate, (Z)-7-dodecenyl propionate, and (Z)-7-dodecenyl butanoate were also produced. Two of the components, 12OAc and 11–12OAc, were not detected in a single analysis of female effluvium. Flight-tunnel tests showed that the five-component and three-component blends were equal to each other and to a female extract (> 80% source contacts) and that the mixtures were superior toZ7–12OAc alone. Field tests indicated that the five-component blend was significantly more attractive thanZ7–12OAc alone at a dosage of 1 mg, but that the blend was only slightly better at 3 mg.     

Identification of some of the polysilicate components of trimethylsilylated cement paste

Trimethylsilyl derivatives from polymerised silicate anions in an eight-year-old cement paste have been fractionated by high-pressure liquid chromatography (hplc) and the fractions examined by thin layer chromatography, mass spectrometry and infrared spectrometry. The hplc separates linear from cyclic species. The major low molecular weight silicate anion in the C-S-H larger than dimer appears to be the linear pentamer. The presence in small quantity, of both linear tetramer and cyclic pentamer has been confirmed and the identification of the two high-temperature gas-liquid chromatography peaks with those species is supported.     

含氧化合物的新型脱氧方法研究进展

概述了近几年替代氢气对生物质油加氢脱氧的几种新方法及其研究进展,包括催化转移氢化反应(CTH),结合重整和原位HDO,结合金属水解和原位HDO,重点介绍了各个方法脱氧转化的反应机理以及目前取得的最新成果,最后对目前面临的挑战和研究趋势进行了展望。     

Identification and structure elucidation of the components of commercial linear alkylbenzenes

A gas chromatography and gas chromatography mass spectrometry study was performed on four commercial linear alkylbenzenes (LAB). A preliminary detailed analysis was done on some model compounds: four tetralin mixtures obtained by alkylation of benzene with linear dichloro n-paraffins (C₁₀, C₁₁, C₁₂, and C₁₃), 1-methyl-4-heptyltetralin and 1-methyl-3-octylindane. We concentrated on the minor components (5–10%) present in the linear alkylbenzenes. Three different types of compounds were identified: A) branched alkylbenzenes, B) 1,4-dialkyltetralins with linear alkyl groups, and C) 1,4-dialkyltetralins with branched alkyl groups. Quantitative evaluation of these minor components was also done. No evidence of 1,3-dialkylindane structures, at least those with linear alkyl groups, was found in the commercial linear alkylbenzenes studied.     

Synthesis, spectral characterisation and antimicrobial activity of new disazo dyes derived from heterocyclic coupling components

Two series of new disazo dyes were prepared by diazotising 4,4'-diaminodiphenylsulphonamide and 4,4'-diaminodiphenylurea and coupling with 3-methyl-1-phenyl-pyrazoline-5-one, 2-methylindole, 8-hydroxyquinoline, 2-phenylindole, 1-methyl-2-phenylindole, 3-amino-1-phenyl-pyrazoline-5-one. These dyes were characterised by ultraviolet–visible, Fourier transform infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic techniques and elemental analysis. The spectral characterisation of the dyes was evaluated with respect to visible absorption properties in various solvents. The effects of acid and base on the visible absorption maxima of the dyes were also reported. In addition, the antimicrobial effect of the dyes was evaluated.     

Identification of volatile components of bobcat (Lynx rufus) urine

Bobcat (Lynx rufus) urine reduces scent-marking activity of woodchucks (Marmota monax) and feeding activity of snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus) and deer (Odocoileus virginianus, O. hemionus). In order to identify the semiochemicals responsible for these behavior modifications, a dichloromethane extract of the bobcat urine was analyzed by GC-MS. Among the known compounds identified in the extract are phenol, indole, dimethyl sulfone, and 3-mercapto-3-methylbutanol. Compounds for which spectroscopic data are presented for the first time include one sulfide, two disulfides, and two trisulfides. The sulfur compounds are derived from an amino acid,S-(l,1-dimethyl-3-hydroxypropyl)cysteine (felinine), which was identified several years ago in the urine of the domestic cat (Felis domesticus).     

The analysis of polyurethane foams. I. Identification of components

A scheme of qualitative analysis is presented for the identification of the constituents of polyurethane foam products, or indeed polyurethane-type materials in general. Elastomeric and cellular polyurethanes are analyzed by hydrolysis to simpler compounds which are then separated and identified. The methods of identification employed include infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, gas chromatography, and thin-layer chromatography.     

Identification of new homoterpene esters from Dufour's gland of the ponerine ant Gnamptogenys striatula

Extracts of Dufour's gland of the ponerine ant, Gnamptogenys striatula, were analyzed by using the combination of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Series of esters of the new homoterpenoids (2E,6)-3,4,7-trimethyl-2,6-octadiene-1-ol (4-methylgeraniol) and (2E,6)-3,4,7-trimethyl-2, 6-nonadiene-1-ol (bishomogeraniol) with unbranched medium-chain fatty acids were identified. Transformation of the chiral natural products into 1,4-di(trifluoroacetoxy)-3-methylpentane and comparison of its gas chromatographic retention time on a modified cyclodextrin phase with that of synthetic optically active reference samples proved the stereogenic center to keep (S)-configuration. (2E,4S,6)-3,4,7-Trimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-yl decanoate and the corresponding dodecanoate are the main volatiles in the extracts.     

Identification of behaviorally significant volatile compounds in the anal gland of the rabbit,Oryctolagus cuniculus

An investigation of the anal gland volatiles of the male wild rabbitOryctolagus cuniculus has been made in which the heart rate of adult male rabbits, positioned to sniff the effluent from a gas chromatographie capillary column, has been employed as an indicator for the presence of constituents of likely behavioral significance. The examination by this means of the headspace volatiles of homogenized anal glands using gas chromatography and gas chromatography—mass spectrometry has implicated a number of saturated and monounsaturated normal and methyl-branched aldehydes in the C₉–C₁₂ range.     

Identification of major components of larviposition pheromone from larvae of tsetse fliesGlossina morsitans morsitans Westwood andGlossina morsitans centralis Machado

The presence of pheromones produced by larvae ofGlossina morsitans morsitans andG. m. centralis, respectively, which attract gravid females and result in aggregation of pupae, is confirmed. Behavioral experiments indicated that females preferred to larviposit over moist sand conditioned by previously allowing larvae to pupariate in it. Similar results were obtained with filter papers contaminated with the prepupariation excretions of larvae and with volatiles collected from larvae prior to pupariation.n-Pentadecane andn-dodecane were identified as the dominant electrophysiologically active components of the larviposition pheromones ofG. m. morsitans andG. m. centralis, respectively, by GC-EAD and GC-MS analysis of the trapped larval volatiles. Both identified compounds were shown to significantly attract gravid females to larviposition sites in laboratory behavioral assays.     

莱茵化学在华力推胶粘剂新组分

莱茵化学工程塑料部新一代Hycasyl水解稳定剂系列产品在第13届中国国际胶粘剂及密封剂展上亮相。该系列产品专为全球胶粘剂市场开发,根据不同的终端使