基于虚拟现实的炮兵分队射击训练仿真研究

由于实弹射击训练费用昂贵，部队组织训练难度增大，训练保障困难，为了满足部队作战训练的需要，该文在深入研究虚拟现实技术的基础上，建立了一套完整的炮兵分队射击训练仿真系统。该系统是基于MuhiGen Creator／Vega和c＋＋的虚拟现实仿真机制。该文对系统中涉及的火炮建模、炮兵分队射击训练模拟仿真和虚拟靶场环境生成等关键技术进行了较为深入的研究和探讨，为炮兵作战全程训练仿真系统开发提供理论依据。实践表明，系统能够达到射击训练的目的，并且有很好的沉浸感和交互性。     

基于FlightGear的舰炮武器系统训练研究

传统的舰炮武器系统训练,较少考虑到各类高速机动目标的控制系统建模.为实现飞行环境高逼真的需求和现代舰炮武器系统训练的发展要求,提出了采用Flightgear的舰炮武器系统训练的改进方案,结合六自由度动态模型,利用飞行模拟器外部数据输入/输出接口,将飞行仿真数据通过网络实时传递,驱动Flightgear可视化引擎.在模拟目标飞行仿真中,通过飞行姿态、天气条件和地理环境的三维实时可视化,可驱动舰炮武器系统进行高逼真度的模拟训练.仿真结果表明,方案建设简单、开发周期短、可扩展性强,为今后训练设备的研制提供了一种思路.     

飞行控制与惯性导航仿真训练系统的研究

虚拟现实技术和仿真技术是模拟器研究中的关键技术。该文针对某型飞机飞行控制与惯性导航仿真训练系统的研制，以构建三维座舱仪表、驾驶仪操纵台、飞机运动特性和惯导模拟器为目标，采用面向对象的软件建模思想、模块化的软件设计思想和多种相关技术，设计实现了“飞行控制与惯性导航仿真训练系统”。该系统是一个既能训练飞行员熟悉操作环境和操纵飞控系统控制飞机飞行，又能训练领航员熟练操作惯导及领航技能的软硬件结合的综合仿真训练系统。文章对系统的设计原则、功能、构成及实现方法进行了阐述，给出了测试航线图，并实现了与其他模拟器的组网对接。     

基于三维重建的视景仿真系统设计与实现

基于三维重建的视景仿真系统主要对三维重建技术、虚拟现实技术和目标检测技术进行研究,该视景仿真系统能够实现对厂区的三维交互式漫游,使用户获得沉浸式游览体验。本系统所用技术能广泛应用于各种装备训练模拟器,降低训练成本,提升训练效果。     

坦克靶场射击模拟训练评估系统研究

针对装甲兵部队实弹射击训练少,训练效果不佳的问题,以X型坦克为对象,采用嵌入式计算机技术、数据采集技术、图像采集与处理技术、目标自动识别技术、智能评估技术等相关技术构建了基于靶场的实车射击模拟训练评估系统,实现了靶场条件下×型坦克不装实弹的模拟射击训练和炮手操作水平智能评估.     

雷达系统嵌入式中频模拟器的分析与实现

为提高部队训练水平和武器系统的生命周期,将仿真设备嵌入武器系统中就显得尤为重要。本文从嵌入式仿真的概念、体系结构入手,以雷达接收机中频模拟器为例,结合嵌入式系统的工作原理和过程进行了深入分析、设计,实现了雷达系统基于嵌入式的仿真训练功能,同时为后续武器系统实现嵌入式仿真研究提供了积极的参考价值。     

膝关节镜手术仿真训练系统设计

利用虚拟现实技术建立的手术仿真训练系统,可以大大减少内窥镜等疑难手术的培训时间并节约昂贵的动物实验费用.为满足膝关节镜手术训练的需要,针对虚拟手术仿真的技术特点,提出了关于虚拟现实技术的膝关节镜手术仿真训练系统的设计,主要对系统体系结构、软件结构、功能模块和系统界面的设计和技术实现进行了研究,最终实现了一个支持双手操作的手术仿真训练系统.实践证明,系统能逼真地模拟手术的流程,取得了良好的训练效果.     

某型飞机飞行训练模拟器的设计与实现

论文对某型飞机飞行模拟器进行了设计与实现。首先提出了某型飞机飞行模拟器进行设计的依据和原则,在此基础上提出总体的设计思路;阐述了某型飞机飞行模拟器研制的内容,对某型飞机飞行模拟器体系结构进行了设计;对驾驶杆力仿真、模拟仪表仿真、PWM电机调速、视景生成系统设计、图像校正和边缘融合等关键技术进行了系统的分析;文中所设计与实现的飞行模拟器与同类型、同级别的飞机飞行训练模拟器相比,飞行训练更丰富、视觉更好,特别是驾驶杆操纵感觉更好地模拟了飞行实际。该型号飞机飞行训练模拟器已装备航空兵部队,并取得了良好的训练效果。     

基于Vega的某飞行模拟器视景平台设计与实现

目的：“某飞行模拟器训练系统”是一个典型的针对第三代军机、运用现代先进技术研制的全任务仿真系统。以该系统为背景，基于先进的虚拟现实和视景仿真软件-Vega和MuhiGen Creator，设计与开发了视景仿真系统。方法：分析了三维视景仿真的系统结构，采用MultiGen Creator进行三维场景建模，通过Vega实现了模型的驱动。结果：建立了既有丰富的场景，又能很好地满足虚拟环境真实沉浸感要求的视景系统。结论：建立的飞行模拟器视景系统能够满足飞行训练的要求。     

虚拟现实技术训练应用研究综述

虚拟现实技术训练应用是科技发展的必须趋势,是和平时期提高部队实战能力的主要手段。通过对当前虚拟现实在部队军事训练应用方面进行研究,并采取"分析归纳、分类合并、中外对比、问题剖析、多措并举"的方式,发现虚拟现实技术训练应用存在技术引进应用不够,训练模拟器应用处于低层次徘徊阶段,且实战针对性不强等问题,提出研判外军作战行动、吸收借鉴经验做法、引领创新技术应用等做法,从而实现从"跟跑-并跑-领跑"的过渡。     

稳象式坦克火控系统智能射击门数学模型研究

应用随机穿越理论 ,提出了稳象式坦克火控系统智能射击门概念 ,对其数学模型进行了推导 ,并对智能射击门应用的一些技术问题进行了分析说明 ,为工程实践提供了明确的技术途径     

A general likelihood framework for characterizing the time course of neural activity

We develop a general likelihood-based framework for use in the estimation of neural firing rates, which is designed to choose the temporal smoothing parameters that maximize the likelihood of missing data. This general framework is algorithm-independent and thus can be applied to a multitude of established methods for firing rate or conditional intensity estimation. As a simple example of the use of the general framework, we apply it to the peristimulus time histogram and kernel smoother, the methods most widely used for firing rate estimation in the electrophysiological literature and practice. In doing so, we illustrate how the use of the framework can employ the general point process likelihood as a principled cost function and can provide substantial improvements in estimation accuracy for even the most basic of rate estimation algorithms. In particular, the resultant kernel smoother is simple to implement, efficient to compute, and can accurately determine the bandwidth of a given rate process from individual spike trains. We perform a simulation study to illustrate how the likelihood framework enables the kernel smoother to pick the bandwidth parameter that best predicts missing data, and we show applications to real experimental spike train data. Additionally, we discuss how the general likelihood framework may be used in conjunction with more sophisticated methods for firing rate and conditional intensity estimation and suggest possible applications.     

火炮射击训练视景仿真系统设计与实现

关于火炮射击训练系统设计问题,针对火炮实装实弹训练存在高成本,高危险,受客观条件限制多等问题,提出利用视景仿真技术的火炮射击训练方法。在Creator建模工具上创建了火炮、炮弹、目标三维模型和射击场地形;依据火炮外弹道模型,设计开发了基于Vega Prime的火炮射击训练系统原型;针对Vega Prime界面设计不足,采用MFC开发了友好的人机操作界面。运行结果表明,系统能实时仿真火炮射击操作过程,满足火炮射击训练要求。     

The analysis of vehicle sounds for recognition

The problem of classifying vehicles on the basis of the acoustic waveform obtained from them has been approached by calculating various central moments of the short term power spectrum of a sample of the signal. It has been found that classification can be performed using two moment measurements, giving good results with vehicles operating under steady running conditions. With a burst of acceleration included in the sample, however, discrimination becomes much more difficult. In the moment space under consideration, it became evident that the movement of sample points with changes of engine speed was itself characteristic of the vehicle class, and this consideration amongst others suggested that the engine speed (or, in practice, the firing rate of the engine) was an important parameter that needs to be determined automatically.

The first attempt at finding the fundamental frequency of the waveform was based on autocorrelation, but this gave very unsatisfactory results. The technique of “cepstrum” analysis, however, is shown to give a reliable indication of the firing rate even when the engine sound is deeply embedded in noise. This is in contrast to results obtained by some earlier workers using this analysis in speech studies.     

基于故障树的发射车故障诊断技术研究

针对目前发射车电气系统故障定位复杂、缺少快速定位分析手段、问题排查必须依赖研制专家、排故时间长的问题,设计了一种基于故障树的诊断机制对发射车进行故障诊断。建立了发射车故障树,设计了基于算法和规则的配置方法将检测数据与故障树节点相关联,采用基于最小割集的快速诊断推理技术,完成了对发射车的故障自动诊断。试验结果表明,该方法实现了发射车电气系统故障的快速自动诊断定位,诊断定位准确,具有较好的实用性。     

某型车载遥控武器站发射动力学仿真分析

研究武器系统优化射击精度问题,膛口振动响应是影响武器射击密集度的重要因素,影响武器系统的战斗力。车载遥控系统能满足单发射击的精度,但连发时射击精度较差。为提高某型车载遥控武器站的连发射击密集度,建立了武器站的动力学模型,利用传感器(Sensor)和IF函数控制武器的连发射击动作,应用ADAMS软件进行了可视化发射动力学仿真。通过与实测结果的比较分析验证了仿真模型的正确性,比较不同发射工况下的武器膛口动力学特性曲线,得到了影响膛口振动的主要因素,对改善武器振动性能和提高武器射击密集度具有参考价值。     

Investigation of the firing voltage in a shadow‐mask PDP

Abstract— A numerical method was used to investigate the firing characteristics of the discharge cell in an AC shadow‐mask PDP (SM‐PDP). The firing voltages for the various discharge paths in the addressing and sustaining periods were calculated, and the effects of the metal barrier rib and the dielectric layer in the discharge cell on the firing characteristics were studied. Furthermore, the advantages of the SM‐PDP in terms of the firing characteristics will be discussed.     

Correlation between uncoupled conductance-based integrate-and-fire neurons due to common and synchronous presynaptic firing

We investigate the firing characteristics of conductance-based integrate-and-fire neurons and the correlation of firing for uncoupled pairs of neurons as a result of common input and synchronous firing of multiple synaptic inputs. Analytical approximations are derived for the moments of the steady state potential and the effective time constant. We show that postsynaptic firing barely depends on the correlation between inhibitory inputs; only the inhibitory firing rate matters. In contrast, both the degree of synchrony and the firing rate of excitatory inputs are relevant. A coefficient of variation CV > 1 can be attained with low inhibitory firing rates and (Poisson-modulated) synchronized excitatory synaptic input, where both the number of presynaptic neurons in synchronous firing assemblies and the synchronous firing rate should be sufficiently large. The correlation in firing of a pair of uncoupled neurons due to common excitatory input is initially increased for increasing firing rates of independent inhibitory inputs but decreases for large inhibitory firing rates. Common inhibitory input to a pair of uncoupled neurons barely induces correlated firing, but amplifies the effect of common excitation. Synchronous firing assemblies in the common input further enhance the correlation and are essential to attain experimentally observed correlation values. Since uncorrelated common input (i.e., common input by neurons, which do not fire in synchrony) cannot induce sufficient postsynaptic correlation, we conclude that lateral couplings are essential to establish clusters of synchronously firing neurons.     

某轻型牵引榴弹炮射击稳定性分析

为了获得各结构参数对某轻型牵引榴弹炮射击稳定性的影响规律,建立了相应的全炮非线性有限元动力学模型.模型中考虑了驻锄与土壤的接触/碰撞,土壤的塑性变形等非线性因素.通过求解不同结构参数的有限元模型,找出对射击稳定性有重要影响的结构参数,在此基础上进行射击稳定性优化.计算结果显示,优化的轻型牵引榴弹炮射击稳定性有效提高.     

Reality-based practice under pressure improves handgun shooting performance of police officers

The current study examined whether reality-based practice under pressure may help in preventing degradation of handgun shooting performance under pressure for police officers. Using a pre–post–test design, one group of nine police officers practised handgun shooting under pressure evoked by an opponent who also fired back using marking (coloured soap) cartridges. The control group (n = 8) practised handgun shooting on standard cardboard targets instead of real opponents. Within a fortnight after the pre-test, both groups received three training sessions of 1 h, in which each person fired a total of 72 rounds. During the pre- and post test each participant took 30 shots without pressure (cardboard targets) and 30 shots under additional pressure (with an opponent firing back). While during the pre-test both groups performed worse in front of an opponent firing back compared to the cardboard targets, after the training sessions shooting performance of the experimental group no longer deteriorated with an opponent while performance of the control group was equally harmed as during the pre-test. These results indicate that training exercises involving increased pressure can acclimatize shooting performance of ordinary police officers to those situations with elevated pressure that they may encounter during their police work.