CAS系统微晶玻璃残余应力测定

分析了CAS系统微晶玻璃中热残余应力的形成机理,并对几种常见的残余应力的方法进行了比较,最后确定用普通X射线衍射法测定CAS系统微晶玻璃中的残余应力.     

谈微晶玻璃残余应力的测量方法

分析了微晶玻璃中残余应力的形成机理及表现特点,并对几种常用测定残余应力的方法进行了比较。提出 了用X射线衍射法和中子衍射方法组合运用并结合其他非破坏性测量方法来测定微晶玻璃残余应力。     

表面处理对氮化硅陶瓷力学性能的影响

采用X射线衍射应力分析的sin2ψ法计算了Si3N4陶瓷试样的残余应力，并分别测量了表面处理前后Si3N4试样的力学性能。结果表明，经平面磨削后的Si3N4试样表面残余应力为拉应力，而抛光处理可适当降低残余应力。两种方法都使试样抗弯强度降低。     

磨加工及残余应力对氮化硅陶瓷强度的影响

利用X-射线衍射方法测量了经不同磨削的氮化硅陶瓷表面残余应力及其对抗弯强度的影响。结果表明，磨削工艺所引入的残余应力是拉应力，对陶瓷抗弯强度有显著降低。     

Al2O3陶瓷表面加工残余应力的研究

讨论了四种不同的工艺对Al2O3-TiC复相陶瓷进行表面处理，以改变其表面残余应力分布状态。利用扫描电子显嫩镜(SEM)观察试样的表面形貌；采用非破坏性的X射线衍射sin^2ψ法，对不同工艺条件下的残余应力进行了测试研究。结果表明：在本研究条件下，经平面磨处理后．试样表面赴于拉应力状态；经工具磨处理后，试样表面处于压应力状态；经抛光处理后，残余应力值均有所减小。这对于提高陶瓷材料的强度和耐磨性具有重要的意义。     

喷砂处理铝合金表面形貌及残余应力分析

采用干法喷砂工艺对5083铝合金进行表面处理。通过金相显微镜测试材料截面形貌、SEM观察表面微观形貌以及X射线衍射法对喷砂处理前后铝合金表面残余应力进行了测试,分析了喷砂处理前后的材料表面形貌以及残余应力的变化。结果表明,干法喷砂处理提高了铝合金的表面粗糙度,消除了铝合金在加工扎制过程中产生的裂纹;在铝合金表层产生残余压应力,消除了处理前合金表面存在的残余拉应力。     

Al2O3-TiC复相陶瓷表面残余应力的研究

本论文应用4种不同的工艺对Al2O3-TiC复相陶瓷进行表面处理,以改变其表面残余应力分布状态。利用扫捕电子显微镜(SEM)观察试样的表面形貌;采用非破坏性的X射线衍射法,对不同工艺条件下的残余应力进行测试研究。结果表明：在本研究条件下,经平面磨处理后．试样表面处于拉应力状态;经工具磨处理后,试样表面处于压应力状态;经抛光处理后,残余应力值均有所减小、这对于提高陶瓷材料的强度和耐磨性具有重要的意义。     

微晶玻璃陶瓷复合砖的生产及工艺改进

介绍了微晶玻璃陶瓷复合砖核化和晶化的过程，总结了解决其变形缺陷的方法，并对微晶玻璃陶瓷复合砖在生产上的一些工艺改进作了具体探讨。     

硅灰石/白榴石复相微晶玻璃的制备

采用烧结法分别制备硅灰石微晶玻璃和白榴石微晶玻璃。运用复合烧结晶化处理技术,通过体系间组分内部的反应将二者基础玻璃以不同比例复合烧结。利用X射线衍射测试了复合烧结微晶玻璃的晶相类型,利用电子探针分析了晶相组成和组织结构。结果表明:当硅灰石基础玻璃与白榴石基础玻璃的摩尔比为5∶5复合烧结时,成功制得含有硅灰石和白榴石两种晶相的硅灰石/白榴石复相微晶玻璃。     

注塑件残余应力的测试方法

注塑制品的残余应力影响制品的形状、表面质量及使用性能。测试并研究残余应力对改进成型条件、提高产品质量、降低废品率意义重大。介绍4种残余应力的测试方法，包括无损测试的双折射法、X射线衍射法和有损测试的剥层法、钻孔法、应力松驰法。叙述了不同测试方法的测试原理、计算方法等，评述了各种测试方法的优缺点。     

氢气纯度分析方法准确性的探讨

ONACCURACYOFANALYSISOFOFHYDROGEN1前言我公司目前应用的氢气纯度分析方法有两种,一种是爆炸反应法,另一种是焦性没食子酸吸收法。几年来,人们对两种分析方法的准确性曾有过褒贬不一的评论。这里我们也谈谈自己粗浅的观点。2爆炸法测定氢气纯度一定量的氢气样品与适量的空气之均匀混合物因反应后生成液体水而引起气体体积减少,减少的体积等于参加反应气体体积之和。其中l／3为氧气,2／3为氢气。根据氢气取样量和反应前后混气体体积之差,以及氢气在反应中的体积比例关系,可计算出样品的氢气纯度。计算公式式中：A一混…     

COMPARISON OF METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF GYPSUM1

The different analytical methods proposed for the evaluation of gypsum have been subjected to an experimental test. A combination method, consisting of a fusion with KHCO₃ and determination of CaO by KMnO₄ titration, the SO₃ by Andrews method of titration of BaCrO₄ has been found to give very reliable results with the least consumption of time.     

SEDIMENTATION OF BINARY MIXTURES OF PARTICLES OF UNEQUAL DENSITIES AND OF DIFFERENT SIZES

A model is developed for the sedimentation from a suspension of two particle species of unequal densities and of different sizes. The composition and the thickness of various layers in the sediments are predicted using graphical and analytical methods. The model predictions were in excellent agreement with experimental results, when the particle size ratio was ≥ 108. When size ratio of the particles was 2.60 and 4.31 the agreement occurred in about 50 percent of the cases.     

HEASUREHENT OF INSTANTANEOUS RATES OF LOSS OF VOIATILE COMPOUNDS DURING DRYING OF DROPS

A novel technique serves to monitor instantaneous rates of loss of a volatile solute from a suspended drop during drying. A highly sensitive electron capture detector is used to monitor concentrations of SF6 released into a flowing gas stream from a suspended, drying drop. Simultaneously, the appearance and morphological development of the drop are monitored with a video camera. This provides the wherewithal of relating instantaneous rates of loss of the volatile solute to particular events during the development of particle morphology.

Initial experiments have been carried out with drops of aqueous solutions of glucose, sucrose, maltodextrin and coffee extract. The results clearly display the onset of the volatiles-retentive selective diffusion phenomenon. There is also substantial loss of the volatile component later in the drying process, when the drops undergo repeated ex ansion, bursting and cratering due to the formation of internaf bubbles. These experiments appear to be the first quantitative demonstration of major losses accompanying changes in drop morphology.     

茶多酚提取方法进展

本文综述了国内外现有茶多酚提取方法的现状以及近期的研究进展，并对其优缺点进行了评价。这将有助于中低档茶的综合利用和茶多酚的进一步开发应用。     

几种针状焦性能对比

针状焦分石油系和煤系两大类,这主要取决于针状焦的原料来源。在同一系列中由于原料不同和工艺条件不同 ,针状焦的各自性能也不相同。针状焦是生产超高功率石墨电极和高功率石墨电极的主要原料 ,针状焦的性能对石墨电极的质量有至关重要的影响。所以对针状焦性能以及其对石墨电极质量影响的研究十分必要的。以下是常用的几种进口针状焦和国产针状焦的性能对比。１原料性能分析对比原料试样包括４种针状焦 ,其中两种为进口针状焦：三菱针状焦和新日化针状焦;另两种为国产针状焦：鞍山针状焦和锦州针状焦。其中除锦州针状焦是石油系针状焦外…     

ANALYSIS OF RECENT MEASUREMENTS OF THE VISCOSITY OF GLASSES

Viscosity of Simple Soda-Silicate 500° to 1400°C Comparison of the results given by English with those of Washburn, Shelton and Libman, indicates a discrepancy in the absolute values of log₁₀ viscosity amounting to 0.6, those of Washburn et al., being relatively too high. If correction for this is made, the isothermal curves of log₁₀ viscosity as a function of soda content are smooth up to 50% Na₂O, showing no inflection. The observations as a function of temperature T are all represented within accidental error by an equation of the type where all three constants vary regularly with the composition. Change of Viscosity of Glass (6SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to Molecular Substitution of CaO, MgO and Al₂O₃ for Na₂O The effect is clearly brought out by plotting (from the results of English) the change of log₁₀η due to the substitution as a function of temperature. The curves each show a sharp bend at a temperature between 840° and 1050°C, which is designated the aggregation temperature T_a. If we divide these curves by the corresponding percentage substituted, we get curves for each oxide which are straight and parallel below the aggregation temperatures, the slopes (increase of change of log₁₀η per 100°C) being −0.056 (CaO), −0.055 (MgO), −0.018 (A1₂O₃) per per cent oxide substituted. For substitution of 1/2 molecule the slopes are −0.325 (CaO), −0.23 (MgO) and −0.18 (Al₂O₃) per 100°. At the aggregation temperature the change of log₁₀η per per cent is a minimum, 0.03 to 0.06 for CaO, 0.12 for MgO, 0.07 for Al₂O₃. Evidence of Aggregation in Glasses, from viscosity Measurements The sharp bends in the plots of change of log₁₀η due to substitution of an oxide for Na₂O, suggest the beginning of molecular aggregation at these temperatures. These aggregation temperatures are close to the devitrification temperatures, but the effect on the viscosity curves cannot be due to actual devitrification since it does not change with time. Taking the aggregation temperatures as equal to devitrification temperatures, additional isotherms are roughly sketched into the equilibrium triangle of the system Na₂O-CaO-SiO₂. Change of Viscosity of Glass (4SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to of Substitution of B₂O₃ for SiO₂ The change of log₁₀η (from the results of English) is plotted as a function of temperature, and also the change of log₁₀η per per cent B₂O₃. The curves are more complex than for the substitution for Na₂O.     

环氧树脂羟基值测定方法的研究

利用乙酸酐、吡啶和浓硫酸混合的乙酰化试剂测定环氧树脂中羟基值含量的方法具有操作简便、滴定终点明显和分析结果误差小等优点。     

骑式摩托车油箱喷涂工艺的改进

面对日益激烈的市场竞争,摩托车油箱外观质量越来越成为影响销售的因素之一。文章介绍了改进工艺后的油箱涂装,该涂装体系提高了油箱外观的丰满度,降低了油箱涂装的生产成本。     

聚酰亚胺的合成法

本文评述了缩聚型聚酰亚胺的主要合成方法和近年来国际上在合成中所做的探索。