3.8 μm激光对中波红外成像导引头的定向干扰性能研究

激光定向干扰是对抗红外成像导引头的最有效方式,因此开展对红外成像 导引头的激光定向干扰研究具有重大意义。影响中波激光定向干扰效能的因素有很多,其中激光 到靶功率密度是影响定向干扰效能的重要因素。从大气传输对中波激光的衰减、导引头光学 系统对中波激光的光学增益、干扰激光光斑随干扰距离的变化等因素出发,研究了中波激光 的大气传输透过率与大气能见度及传输距离的关系,分析了大气湍流强度对激光传输总发散角 的影响。得到了3.8 μm激光对红外成像导引头的定向干扰模型,绘出了激光到靶功率密度、大 气能见度、大气湍流强度以及干扰距离之间的关系曲线,并通过外场实测对该模型进行了验证。结果表明,误 差在一个数量级之内,主要来自于远场激光光斑和传输路径上大气透过率的计算误差。该研究 对于激光定向干扰装备的论证和研制具有一定的参考价值。     

环形光束大气传输数值模拟与分析

为了研究大气湍流对环形光束激光工程应用的影响,采用多相位屏数值模拟的方法对环形光束在大气湍流中的传输进行了仿真模拟。通过改变大气湍流强度、传输距离等参数,定量计算了不同传输条件下质心漂移均方根、远场目标的焦平面平均功率密度,给出环形光束传输路径上特征距离解析式并分析了大气湍流对环形光束远场平均光强分布的影响。结果表明,环形光束在大气湍流中传输时光斑质心漂移随湍流效应（湍流强度或传播距离）增强而增大,远场光束质量随遮拦比增大而降低。遮拦比小于0.5时,大气湍流对光束质量的影响较为明显。环形光束大气传输数值模拟方法,可为高能激光武器等激光工程应用的理论分析和效能评估提供依据。     

中波红外激光器远距离干扰红外探测器的外场实验研究

针对当前中波红外光电干扰研究中无等比例远距离实验验证的问题,以峰值功率为10 W波长为5.4 m的中波红外激光器对某型中波红外相机进行了距离为15 km的光电干扰实验。实验中选择不同条件进行了多组实验,得到了各条件下的激光干扰图像。通过对图像的分析发现发散角为15 mrad的中波激光器在15 km的距离上对焦距为384 mm的中波红外相机系统在能见度为0.452的中等气象条件下进行干扰时,当输出功率为5.6 W时可使相机无法成像,无法提取目标,此时的功率密度为0.064 mW/m2。实验验证了以当前国内的成熟技术完全可以实现对导弹导引头在15 km以上的中波红外激光干扰。实验数据可以为后续的精确大气透过率模型及中波红外光电对抗损伤评估模型研究中参数的反演与确定提供支持。     

地面对卫星瞄准精度受大气湍流的影响分析

分析了地面对卫星激光瞄准精度受大气湍流效应的影响。首先,提出了大气湍流作用下地面对卫星激光瞄准精度的概念。其次,采用多层相位屏的数值方法求解激光大气传输满足的抛物型方程,仿真研究了不同发射参数下地面对卫星的激光瞄准精度,结果表明:地面对卫星的激光瞄准精度与激光束的发射口径成正比,发射口径越大,瞄准精度越高;而与激光束的发散角成反比,光束发散角越大,瞄准精度越低。最后,比较研究了不同瞄准精度下到达卫星入瞳处的功率以及功率密度。研究成果可为开展地面对抗卫星的试验提供理论依据和数据参考。     

地空激光大气斜程传输湍流效应的数值模拟分析

大气湍流效应是制约各种激光工程应用的重要因素之一.采用多层相位屏的模拟方法,针对地空激光大气的长距离斜程传输进行了大量数值模拟,通过变化天顶角、光束初始半径和激光波长等传输条件,定量分析了光束的有效半径、相对真空扩展倍数、光斑质心漂移均方根和63.2%环围能量的平均功率密度等统计参量在不同传输条件下受湍流的影响程度和变化规律.结果表明:天顶角越大,湍流效应越强,光束受到湍流的影响越大;波长越短,光束受到湍流的影响越强;光斑的漂移随光束初始半径的增大而减小,且与波长无关;在湍流效应和衍射效应的综合作用下,光束有效半径和63.2%环围能量的功率密度随波长和光束初始半径均不是单调变化.这可为激光工程应用提供一定的理论分析和性能预测依据.     

湍流大气中激光通信系统接收光功率的优化研究

以部分相干高斯-谢尔模型(GSM)光束为例,对湍流引起的漂移方差和扩展角进行模拟,综合考虑由光束漂移引起的瞄准误差和光束扩展引起的接收光功率密度的整体下降,对激光通信链路中接收端光功率进行数值计算和分析,找出激光通信系统中最佳发射光束的参数。研究结果表明,湍流大气中激光通信系统最佳发射光束的参数与光束的束腰半径、空间相干长度、波长、传播距离和湍流强度有关。部分相干GSM光束接收端光功率随着波长、光束束腰、空间相干长度和传输距离的变化存在一最优值。     

部分相干光在大气湍流中的光束扩展及角扩展

基于广义惠更斯-菲涅耳原理、交叉谱密度函数,利用修正Von Karmon谱模型以及ITU-R颁布的大气折射率结构常数模型,推导出部分相干高斯-谢尔光束在大气湍流中传输时的束宽及角扩展表达式,讨论并对比斜程和水平两种传输方式下天顶角、传输距离、湍流强度、相干长度等参数对光束束宽与角扩展的影响,同时分别从相对束宽和相对角扩展的角度分析各种参数对于光束抑制湍流能力的影响,并给予相应的物理解释。结果表明:当天顶角小于 /3时,光束在斜程传输时的光束扩展和角扩展量接近于垂直传输,所受湍流影响很小。传输距离大于1 km时,束宽和相对束宽随传输距离的增加而明显增加。光束相干长度越大,光束所受湍流影响越大,而束宽及角扩展会随之减小。     

湍流大气中部分相干双曲余弦高斯光束的M~2因子

基于广义惠更斯菲涅耳原理和维格纳分布函数的二阶矩方法,推导出部分相干双曲余弦高斯(ChG)光束在湍流大气中的束宽、远场发散角和M2因子的解析表达式。研究结果表明,部分相干ChG光束在湍流大气中传输时,均方根角宽度、M2因子和相对M2因子随着传输距离的增大而增大,且与束腰宽度、波长、离心参数、相干参数及湍流强度等有关;均方根角宽度随着光束离心参数的增大存在极小值。当传输距离较远时,随着离心参数的增大,M2因子存在极小值;离心参数较大的光束受湍流的影响较小。     

锑化铟光电探测器的远距离激光干扰研究

激光器性能(功率、波长、发散角等)、激光大气传输特性等直接影响激光对光电探测器的远距离干扰效果。测量得到锑化铟光电探测器的光谱响应曲线及饱和功率密度阈值曲线,利用MODTRAN软件分析了两种特定传输路径下大气传输透射率随激光波长的变化曲线。结合中红外波段激光器的发展现状,分析了特定激光器的大气传输透射率,计算得到了利用氟化氘激光器和光参量振荡器有效干扰锑化铟探测器所需的激光功率阈值。     

红外干扰弹与定向红外对抗系统协同使用研究

机载红外对抗系统正在向系统化、综合化方向发展。作为红外对抗中重要的干扰手段,红外干扰弹和定向红外对抗系统的协同使用是一个关键。通过分析红外干扰弹和定向红外对抗系统的干扰机理,构建了综合红外对抗系统模型,研究了协同使用流程和规则。仿真实验验证了协同使用策略对正交四元红外导引头的有效性。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.