基于DSP的光栅衍射型激光告警系统设计与实现

激光告警系统是一种可对来袭激光性能参数进行实时探测的光电对抗设备。基于光栅衍射效应以及DSP 信号采集及处理系统,设计并实现了激光告警系统,可对激光的波长、方位进行探测、告警。对激光告警系统的硬件和软件的设计与实现进行了研究,建立了入射激光波长以及方位的数学模型,推导了激光波长以及方位角与激光衍射点的数学表达式,并对激光告警系统进行了实验研究。实验结果表明:该系统能有效探测来袭激光波长及其方位,可测波长范围为500~1 100 nm,方位角为13,波长最大偏差10 nm,方位角最大误差1。     

基于DSP的光栅衍射型激光告警系统设计与实现

激光告警系统是一种可对来袭激光性能参数进行实时探测的光电对抗设备。基于光栅衍射效应以及DSP信号采集及处理系统,设计并实现了激光告警系统,可对激光的波长、方位进行探测、告警。对激光告警系统的硬件和软件的设计与实现进行了研究,建立了入射激光波长以及方位的数学模型,推导了激光波长以及方位角与激光衍射点的数学表达式,并对激光告警系统进行了实验研究。实验结果表明:该系统能有效探测来袭激光波长及其方位,可测波长范围为500~1 100 nm,方位角为±13°,波长最大偏差10 nm,方位角最大误差1°。     

二维激光告警光学系统设计

由于现有单激光告警系统只能实现来袭激光一维的方位和波长等信息,提出了一种单激光告警系统同时测得二维方位信息和波长信息的新方法,该方法的光学系统主要由遮光罩、光栅、透镜组和面阵CCD组成,通过对来袭激光经过光栅后的一级和零级衍射光斑位置的判决,得到来袭激光二维方位和波长信息。通过理论分析说明了该方法的原理,并推导得出二维方位角和波长的测量公式,根据要求推导确定了光学元件参数,并通过实验验证了其可行性。实验结果显示波长分辨率小于10 nm,角度分辨率小于1x方向视场角为30,y方向视场角为15。     

基于面阵CCD的激光告警系统的图像采集与处理

光栅衍射型激光告警系统是一种基于光栅衍射效应、可实时探测来袭激光参量信息的光电对抗设备。为了获取入射激光的波长和入射角度,以光栅衍射效应为基本原理,采用面阵CCD进行图像采集、数字信号处理器进行图像处理,并依据信号特点开发了目标识别算法。通过理论分析和实验验证,设计出了一套基于面阵CCD的光栅衍射型激光告警系统的图像采集与处理系统,实现了对激光目标的探测。结果表明,该系统可有效地识别来袭激光并准确标记,具有良好的稳定性、实时性。     

宽波段激光告警中以太网接收图像系统设计

针对可见近红外宽波段二维激光告警机对来袭激光实时高速采集及计算的要求,设计出基于千兆以太网的数据高速传输系统.该设计采用专用芯片RTL8211EG,设计驱动电路实现协议控制及激光光斑信息图像数据封装,传输后由CRC校验算法验证数据是否正确,最后将准确数据传输到DSP进行处理.经验证,该系统传输利用率可达60％;并用波长550 nm和1 200 nm光模拟可见和近红外两个波段的来袭激光,验证数据传输的准确性,结果显示系统传输图像无错漏.表明该系统的传输速率及数据准确性能达到激光告警要求,为可见近红外宽波段二维激光告警机提供高速准确的测量数据.     

光栅衍射型激光告警光学系统设计

为实时测量来袭激光的特征参数、入射方向等信息,设计了基于光栅的激光告警光学系统.使用正弦透射光栅,来袭激光衍射后只有零级和一级衍射,有利于信号采样和处理.该光学系统由遮光罩、正弦光栅、平凸柱面镜、线阵CCD构成.通过理论分析和计算,确定了各光学元件参数.实验结果表明,采用该光学系统的激光告警器可以实现对波长范围为500～1100 nm、波长分辨率小于等于10 nm、入射角分辨率小于等于1°、视场角为22.5°的激光测量.     

基于正弦光栅的凝视型激光探测告警系统的设计与实现

当激光入射到正弦光栅时,会产生0级和±1级衍射谱线,通过测量衍射谱线的分布,可获得入射激光的波长及方位角信息。为了实时探测激光光源的波长和方位角,设计了一种基于正弦光栅的凝视型激光探测告警系统。介绍了系统的工作原理,推导了激光波长和方位角的计算公式,并对系统的探测精度进行了数值模拟研究。分析了光栅常数和柱面镜曲率半径对系统探测能力的影响,并且给出了相关函数。实验结果表明:当光栅常数为1/500mm、柱面镜曲率半径为20mm时,系统可实现对波长为320～1100nm、视场角为±20°范围内激光源的实时探测,波长分辨率可达到10nm,角分辨率可达到1°。     

基于柱透镜的非成像式激光定向方法

探测报知激光威胁源的方向是激光告警必不可少的一项技术指标。针对目前的告警系统的缺点,提出了一种基于柱透镜的高精度激光告警方法,并采用非成像方式对来袭激光进行定向。系统由两个相互垂直的线阵结构组成,线阵结构包括柱透镜组与线阵红外焦平面阵列。告警系统通过来袭激光在线阵焦平面阵列上线斑的偏移量来确定入射激光的水平方位角和俯仰角,从而达到对来袭激光进行定向的目的。文中阐述了该方法的基本原理及系统的结构组成,进行了误差分析,并对光学系统进行了仿真实验。实验结果表明:基于该方法的激光告警系统的视场角达到16。该方法对激光告警系统在汽车、飞机以及卫星上的应用具有十分重要的指导意义。     

基于正弦透射光栅的激光告警接收机研究

在光电对抗中,高速、可靠地获取敌方来袭激光的参数是实施有效对抗的关键。提出了基于正弦振幅透射光栅衍射原理的窄脉冲激光波长和入射方向的测试方法,并设计了激光告警接收机原理样机,该样机由光栅、平凸柱面镜、ATMEL公司的驱动频率为50MHz的线阵CCD探测器、高速数字信号处理器TMS320V C5509和液晶显示电路构成。结果表明,该样机可达到如下技术指标:波长范围为500～1100nm、波长分辨率≤10nm、视场范围为22.5°、角度分辨率≤1°、反应时间<0.1s、灵敏度<10mW/cm2。     

宽波段低虚警率激光告警电路研究

为满足复杂电磁环境下的使用要求,克服强背景光干扰造成的高虚警率,设计了一种具有较强的抗电磁干扰能力和低虚警率的激光告警电路。分析了现有各种激光探测技术的特点和不足,有针对性的采用了模拟电路和数字电路相结合的方式,在模拟电路部分实现了探测激光波段的改进,在数字电路部分实现了虚警率的降低。范围采用灵敏度高、响应带宽宽的光电探测器作为来袭激光接收装置,可探测探测器响应频带内不同波段的来袭激光信号。基于可编程逻辑控制器件(CPLD)的逻辑驱动控制电路能按程序给定的规则判别来袭激光信号的脉冲宽度,排除干扰光信号造成的误判,降低虚警率。测试结果表明,该电路的放大电路增益G=30,信噪比为20dB,探测距离≤5km,探测波长范围为850～1 700nm,虚警率≤5%。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.