掺杂超晶格与超相对论粒子同步辐射的稳定性

指出了对周期介质加上周期变化的电场,可望获得时空周期变化的周期场;在这种场中运动的带电粒子表现出人们预期的行为。讨论了超相对论情况下带电粒子的同步辐射,并以掺杂超晶格为例进行具体分析。在经典力学框架内和偶极近似下,把粒子的相位运动方程化为广义摆方程;讨论了带电粒子的同步辐射能量和系统的稳定性。结果表明,适当选择系统参数就可以保证系统的稳定性,如果选择势阱深度为1eV,周期为100nm,相对论因子为10^4时,电子的辐射频率可达1．25×10^20HZ,辐射进入X-能区。     

正弦平方势与晶体摆动场辐射的非线性特征

在经典力学框架内和偶极近似下,引入正弦平方势讨论了系统非线性对摆动场辐射的影响。首先,把粒子在弯晶中的运动方程化为具有周期外力作用的摆方程,用Jacobian椭圆函数和椭圆积分解析地描述了粒子运动行为;用多尺度度法和三角函数的广义Bessel展开,找到了受迫摆方程的近似解。而后,在超相对论情况下讨论了系统的瞬时辐射强度和平均辐射强度,并对两种辐射的强度比进行了讨论。结果表明,摆动场辐射强度与摆动场振幅平方成正比,振幅越大摆动场辐射强度越强。     

超相对论粒子的晶体摆动场辐射与同步辐射

注意到晶体摆动场辐射是基于沟道粒子的横向运动,而晶体的周期弯曲则等效为作用在粒子上的力。把晶体的周期弯曲视为相互作用势,并考虑在周期摆动场中粒子的"同步辐射"。在经典力学框架内和偶极近似下,把粒子的纵向运动方程化为摆方程,并在小振幅近似下,把它进一步化为Duffing方程。用Jacobian椭圆函数和第一类椭圆积分严格地给出了粒子轨道和它的运动周期;讨论了沟道辐射、摆动场辐射和"同步辐射"能量(频率)。结果表明,三种辐射之间的频率差别比较大,在实验上很容易将他们分开。选择如下一组参数V0=0.5eV,波长λp=100nm,能量γ=104,计算结果表明,"同步辐射"频率Ω=8.83×1019,已进入X-能区。     

混合激励与应变超晶格系统沟道运动的临界特征

从势和场的观点出发讨论了带电粒子在应变超晶格中的运动行为.在经典力学框架内和偶极近似下,引入正弦平方势,把粒子运动方程化为具有阻尼项和混合激励项的广义摆方程.利用Melnikov方法讨论了系统的临界性质与混沌行为.结果表明,系统的混沌行为与它的参数有关,适当调节参数,就可以原则上保证系统的稳定性.     

超晶格量子阱沟道辐射的频率特征

预言了超晶格量子阱的沟道效应和沟道辐射,引入正弦平方势描述超晶格量子阱沟道粒子的运动行为,并在经典力学框架内,把粒子的运动方程化为摆方程.用Jacobian椭圆函数和椭圆积分解析地给出了系统的解和粒子运动周期,导出了量子阱沟道辐射能量与辐射谱的轨道特征.结果表明,对于能量为100MeV左右的电子,辐射能量可达keV量级(X-能区).指出了用量子阱沟道辐射作为X-激光或γ-激光的可能性.     

小振幅近似与形变超晶格系统的动力学稳定性

假设超晶格的"锯齿形"沟道对粒子的作用可等效为形状相似的周期调制,引入正弦平方势,并在小振幅近似下,把粒子运动方程化为具有硬弹簧特性的Duffing方程.利用多尺度方法分析了共振线附近的粒子运动行为,讨论了系统的主共振、子共振和超共振.计算了超晶格"锯齿形"沟道的临界斜率与系统参数之间的关系,为能带工程或超晶格光磁电效应的进一步研究提供了理论分析.     

小振幅近似与形变超晶格系统的动力学稳定性

假设超晶格的"锯齿形"沟道对粒子的作用可等效为形状相似的周期调制,引入正弦平方势,并在小振幅近似下,把粒子运动方程化为具有硬弹簧特性的Duffing方程.利用多尺度方法分析了共振线附近的粒子运动行为,讨论了系统的主共振、子共振和超共振.计算了超晶格"锯齿形"沟道的临界斜率与系统参数之间的关系,为能带工程或超晶格光磁电效应的进一步研究提供了理论分析.     

时空周期场与非相对论粒子的电磁辐射

寻找新光源,特别是短波长激光光源引起了人们的广泛兴趣.在时空周期场中运动的带电粒子表现出了预期的行为.指出了置于外场中的超晶格是典型的时空周期场.假设掺杂超晶格的导带底是周期调制的,在经典力学框架内,将非相对论粒子在时空周期场中的运动方程化为带有阻尼项和受迫项的摆方程.在无阻尼情况下,利用摄动法导出了系统的一阶近似解,讨论了高次谐波辐射和辐射强度;用Hamiltonian原理和相平面方法讨论了系统的稳定性.在阻尼情况下,利用Melnikov方法讨论了系统的临界特征和混沌行为.结果表明,非相对论粒子的高次谐波辐射存在局部极大,可望作为短波长激光光源.由于系统的稳定性与它的参数有关,只需适当调节这些参数,系统的稳定性就能得到保证.     

参数激励与大振幅近似下晶体摆动场的转动解

在经典力学框架内和偶极近似下,从势和场的观点出发,把晶体摆动场中的粒子运动方程化为了具有阻尼项和参数激励项的广义Mathieu方程,并对特殊情况下的Mathieu方程、摆方程和倒置摆方程进行了讨论.导出Mathieu方程的三种标准形式,分析了摆方程的三类轨道以及倒置摆的稳定区和不稳定区.用多尺度法找到了纯转动态的近似解和系统的临界曲线.指出了粒子的纯转动态就是准沟道态,准沟道粒子的电磁辐射就是准沟道辐射.     

双频激励与应变超晶格的倍频共振

假设超晶格锯齿形沟道对粒子的作用等效为形状相似的周期场作用,在经典力学框架内和小振幅近似下,利用正弦平方势,把粒子运动方程化为了具有双频激励的Duffing方程。由于三阶非线性,系统出现了主共振、次共振和组合共振等。用摄动法分析了系统的倍频共振,并讨论了系统的稳定性和临界条件。结果表明,当非线性强度小于临界强度时系统是稳定的。     

晶体摆动场与周期弯晶作为γ-速调管的可能性

 寻找新光源,特别是短波长相干光源一直是人们努力追求的目标.将晶体摆动场同速调管技术相结合可望获得短波长相干光源,特别是相干的γ-光源.文章通过晶体摆动场莱塞效应分析,讨论了周期弯晶作为γ-速调管的可能性.在经典力学框架内和小增益近似下,把晶体摆动场中的粒子纵向运动方程化为经典的摆方程,并用摄动法导出了系统的能量增益.结果表明,当弯晶作为放大器模式工作时,要求的束流强度比较高,在级联速调管工作模式下束流强度要求可降低3-4个量级,完全位于当今加速器技术能力范围内.     

周期性结构电磁感应电流宽带特性的快速计算

采用MOM法将周期结构的电场积分方程转化为关于感应电流的矩阵方程和频率导数矩阵方程，并根据Pade逼近理论由给定频率处的频率导数感应电流确定周期性结构在任一频率入射波照射下的感应电流，进而计算周期性结构的电磁感应电流宽带特性。计算结果表明，AWE在计算速度上比MOM可加快十几倍。     

Mathieu方程的不稳定区及其晶体摆动场辐射的稳定性

从势和场的观点出发,在经典力学框架内和线性近似下,把粒子的运动方程化为Mathieu方程。利用多尺度方法求出了系统的周期解以及相应的过渡曲线,并讨论了系统的稳定性。结果表明,系统的稳定性与弯晶曲率有关,曲率越大稳定性越差。这就是说,试图利用晶体摆动场辐射作为短波长相干光源时,系统稳定性必须充分考虑。     

Propagation in a two-dimensional periodic random medium withinhomogeneous particle distribution

The behavior of electromagnetic waves when propagating in a periodic random medium, such as a row-structured canopy, is considered. The semideterministic character of the particle distributions is represented by nonuniform extinction and phase matrices and the problem is formulated by the radiative transfer equation. Solution of the radiative transfer equation is pursued both iteratively and by using a numerical technique, based on the discrete-ordinate approximation and Taylor series expansion. It is shown that the numerical solution for the periodic canopy is computationally efficient, and a closed-form for the first-order solution (iterative approach) of the radiative transfer equation is obtained for periodic cases. The analytical and numerical results are compared with transmission measurements at L- and C-band frequencies for a corn canopy for a variety of canopy conditions, with good agreement     

Bounds on MTBF of Systems Subjected to Periodic Maintenance

Mean time between failures (MTBF) is a common reliability measure used to assess the failure behavior of repairable systems. In order to increase MTBF, in most systems, it is a common practice to perform preventive maintenance activities at periodic intervals. In this paper: We first discuss the validity of a commonly used equation for computing MTBF of systems subjected to periodic maintenance. For complex systems where this equation is valid, we propose a simple and better approximation than the exponential approximation proposed in a recent paper. In addition, we prove that for systems with increasing failure rate on average (IFRA) distributions, the exponential approximation proposed in a recent paper always underestimates the MTBF; hence, it is a lower bound at best. The proposed approximation and bounds are applicable for a wide range of systems because systems which contain components with exponential or any increasing failure rate (IFR) distribution (viz., Weibull with$beta≫1$, gamma, Gumbel,$s$-normal, and uniform) follow an IFRA distribution. As a special case, the proposed bounds & approximations provide better results for systems that contain only exponential failure distributions.     

Dispersion of an open thin helix

The dispersion equation for the fundamental mode of a helical slow-wave system is obtained and numerically solved with the use of the periodic Green??s function represented in cylindrical coordinates and the method of the linear integral equation for the helix axial current in the thin-conductor approximation. A method is proposed for taking into account a helix winded with the use of conductors with finite cross sections.     

Equivalence of periodic magnetic field to uniform magnetic field in electron beam focusing

The general solution of the electron trajectory equation in a periodic magnetic field is derived in the form of series expansion, assuming laminar electron flow and small perturbation. It is concluded that if the cathode is not very heavily immersed in a magnetic field, beam focusing by a periodic magnetic field would be almost equivalent to that by a uniform magnetic field except near the unstable region. Under these restrictions, each focusing system would give almost the same beam ripple (in magnitude and phase) under the same injection conditions into the focusing system. It is also found that the first stable region of beam perturbation in the periodic magnetic field becomes narrower as the flux threading the cathode increases or the period of the magnetic field decreases, as far as linearization of the path equation is possible.     

An improved finite-difference approximation to the diffusion equation

A higher order approximation to field quantities than the piecewise constant approximation commonly used and implicit in the second-order central difference approximation to the Helmholtz equation is described. The continuous finite-difference (CFD) approximation results in reduced error without an increase in complexity of the associated computational algorithm.