重整芳烃脱烯烃杂质固体酸催化反应工艺

为开发环境友好的重整芳烃脱烯烃工艺,采用固定床反应装置进行了重整重芳烃脱烯烃杂质的固体酸催化反应工艺研究。研究结果表明,催化剂活性稳定性随着热处理温度升高而逐渐提高,烯烃转化率随着反应温度升高或空速降低而增大。在温度240℃、压力2.0 MPa、质量空速1.0 h-1反应条件下,用300℃热处理催化剂进行持续90天的芳烃脱烯烃反应,烯烃转化率从91.4%降低到85.8%。芳烃脱烯烃反应不影响芳烃组成。在温度220~260℃、压力3.0 MPa、质量空速1.0 h-1条件下考察催化剂活性稳定性,经120天持续反应精制产物溴指数保持在100 mg-Br/100 g以下,烯烃转化率大于88%。对失活催化剂分别进行乙醇和二氯甲烷器内洗涤再生,以及器内空气烧焦再生,三种再生催化剂的活性均接近新鲜催化剂活性水平。所开发的重整芳烃精制新工艺具有良好的应用前景。     

重整重芳烃选择加氢Ni-M/Al_2O_3催化剂性能

为提高镍基催化剂对萘系化合物的加氢活性和单环芳烃的收率,本研究以Al_2O_3为载体采用浸渍法制备了不同金属助剂修饰的系列Ni-M/Al_2O_3加氢催化剂,对催化剂的物性结构和形貌进行了表征,并考察了其在重整重芳烃中萘系化合物的加氢反应性能。结果表明,含Cu助剂的催化剂具有较佳的织构性能,金属活性组分高度分散,在C_(10)~+重芳烃加氢中具有良好的反应选择性和活性。在反应温度为140℃,压力为1.5 MPa,氢油体积比为300,新鲜油体积空速为1.0 h~(-1)的条件下,萘的转化率和四氢萘的选择性分别达到98%和99%,反应1 000 h稳定性良好。     

重整生成油液相加氢脱烯烃适宜操作条件的研究

采用管式液相加氢技术,设计在5 L催化剂装量的工业侧线装置上,以HDO-18为催化剂,开展重整生成油脱烯烃可行性研究,并考察了反应空速、氢油比、反应温度、反应压力等适宜操作条件。长周期运行结果表明:该技术可以使加氢后重整生成油溴指数100 mg Br/100 g油,产品中的芳烃损失0.5%,可替代白土吸附或常规后加氢工艺脱除重整生成油的烯烃。其最佳操作条件为:反应温度170℃、反应压力1.5 MPa、体积空速12 h~(-1)和氢油比4:1。     

轻质环油(LCO)选择性加氢生产高附加值的芳烃产品

以Mo-Co/Al_2O_3为催化剂,采用固定床反应器对轻质环油选择性加氢,生产单环芳烃,研究反应温度、压力、空速和氢油比对多环芳烃的饱和率以及单环芳烃选择性的影响,确定最优的工艺条件。结果显示,在温度300℃,压力6 MPa,空速1 h^(-1),氢油比800时,多环芳烃饱和率为81.87%,单环芳烃的选择性为74.8%。     

镍催化剂用于重整生成油选择性加氢的研究

制备了Ni/Al2O3催化剂,以重整生成油为原料(溴值为2. 6 g Br/100g,芳烃为71. 42%),考察了镍催化剂的选择性加氢脱烯烃性能。结果表明:在温度90～180℃、压力2. 0 MPa、体积空速6～10 h-1、氢油体积比20～60∶1反应条件下,加氢产物溴指数100 mg Br/100g,芳烃损失率0. 2%。     

煤焦油重质芳烃选择性加氢制单环芳烃

采用固定床反应器对煤焦油中重质芳烃进行选择性加氢,研究反应温度和反应压力对重质芳烃饱和率和单环芳烃选择性的影响。通过制备的4种催化剂进行对比,获得单环芳烃选择性较高的Ni-Mo-P体系催化剂。煤焦油馏分原料的加氢反应结果显示,在反应温度360℃、反应压力6 MPa、空速0.5 h^-1和氢油比800∶1条件下,多环芳烃饱和率为84.2%,单环芳烃选择性为60.4%。通过煤焦油馏分与脱酚余油原料的加氢实验结果对比,脱酚余油中的重质芳烃能获得更高的转化率及单环芳烃选择性。     

煤焦油加氢脱芳工艺条件的优化

在连续流动固定床加氢装置上,采用Ni W-P/Al_2O_3催化剂对高温煤焦油脱除大部分S、N、O后经蒸馏切割得到的芳烃质量分数较高的柴油馏分进行加氢精制,考察了反应温度、反应压力、液体体积空速和氢油体积比对芳烃脱除率和产物分布的影响,得到的最佳工艺条件为:反应温度为340℃,反应压力为8.0 MPa,液体体积空速为0.3 h~(-1),氢油体积比为1 500。结果表明,适宜的反应温度和氢油体积比、较高的反应压力和较低的液体体积空速有利于柴油馏分中芳烃的脱除,其脱除率达到70%以上。     

NH3对DCC原料油中多环芳烃选择性加氢饱和的影响

采用固定床反应器,对催化裂解柴油(DCC)在NiMoP/Al₂O₃催化剂上进行选择性加氢,研究NH₃浓度、反应温度、液时空速和二段加氢的反应结果。结果表明,一段加氢,在NH₃浓度为5%时,温度360℃,反应压力为6.4 MPa,空速2.0 h^-1,氢油比600时,多环芳烃饱和率为88.26%,单环芳烃选择性为93.17%;二段加氢,在第2反应器温度为360℃,反应压力为6.4 MPa,体积空速为2.0 h^-1,氢油比600时,多环芳烃饱和率达到最高97.21%。     

轻循环油制备单环芳烃工艺研究

以轻循环油(LCO)为原料,在NiMoP/Al_2O_3催化剂,反应压力6 MPa,体积空速1.0 h^(-1),氢油比600条件下,探索单管、双管反应器中反应温度和空速对LCO加氢结果影响。结果表明,加氢效果双管反应器明显优于单管反应器,在第一反应器中采用1.0 h(-1),氢油比600条件下,探索单管、双管反应器中反应温度和空速对LCO加氢结果影响。结果表明,加氢效果双管反应器明显优于单管反应器,在第一反应器中采用1.0 h^(-1)低空速,有利于维持较高单环芳烃选择性,在第二反应器中采用3.0 h(-1)低空速,有利于维持较高单环芳烃选择性,在第二反应器中采用3.0 h^(-1)高空速,有利于多环芳烃饱和率的提高,在300℃条件下,单环芳烃选择性达到71.4%,单环芳烃收率达51.4%,多环饱和率达83.4%。     

煤直接液化油催化加氢制备环烷基油

在300 mL连续加氢实验装置上,以神华鄂尔多斯直接液化工厂生产的加氢稳定油为原料,以加氢精制剂RNC-2为催化剂,考察了不同反应温度和体积空速对加氢产物性质及加氢精制反应过程的影响.结果 表明:升高反应温度或降低体积空速,芳烃加氢饱和反应过程中的氢耗增大,产品油的密度、运动黏度及馏程降低;从不同反应条件加氢产品油中芳...     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。