SLS激光功率与烧结件弹性模量关系研究

为了研究利用SLS加工力学性能变化的功能件,首先分析了SLS成型机的粉床预热温度场,根据拉伸试验设计试样尺寸,烧结出9种激光功率下的试样;其次根据静力学拉伸试验数据,计算出了各种试样的弹性模量值;最后推导出SLS成型机激光功率与烧结件弹性模量间的数学模型。     

选区激光烧结技术的成形空间稳定性研究

根据选区激光烧结快速成形需求,以热塑性材料尼龙为研究对象,开展选区激光烧结SLS技术的成形空间稳定性研究.对成形空间中不同位置的405根试样进行测试,研究试样在二维空间位置、三维空间位置性能差异及相应不同空间区域中试样摆放方向(xy、xz和yz)对力学性能影响的差异.工艺试验表明:成形空间总体试样拉伸强度变异系数CV值...     

激光选区烧结超高分子量聚乙烯工艺及性能

研究了激光选区烧结(SLS)成型工艺中不同工艺参数以及后续热处理工艺对超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)材料成型性能的影响。通过调整扫描间距、激光功率、扫描速度等不同工艺参数,描述了SLS成型UHMWPE零件的致密度、拉伸强度以及断裂伸长率,并对热处理前后的SLS成型UHMWPE零件的力学性能进行了比较。结果显示,致密度、拉伸强度、断裂伸长率总体上与激光功率呈正相关关系,与扫描间距、扫描速度呈负相关关系。经热处理后,SLS成型UHMWPE零件的力学性能有明显提高,致密度达到95.12%,抗拉强度达到24.08 MPa,断裂伸长率达到334.82 MPa。实验结果表明:SLS成型UHMWPE零件与模塑成型UHMWPE零件性能尚有差距,仅优化成型工艺不足以得到理想性能,但经热处理后,零件性能基本满足使用要求。     

SLS烧结实验的优化设计

激光功率、扫描速度、铺粉厚度、预热温度及扫描间距是影响SLS成型质量的主要因素.通过激光快速成型机AFS-450制作专门的样件,采用正交试验和方差分析,对SIS成型工艺参数进行优化设计.确定了ABS粉末最佳的烧结参数,即预热温度为100℃、扫描速度为2000mm/s、激光功率为24W、铺粉厚度为0.2mm.     

激光烧结复合尼龙材料的工艺参数优化研究

研究在选择性激光烧结（SLS）过程中,复合尼龙粉末激光烧结工艺参数的优化.讨论激光功率、预热温度、扫描速度、铺粉厚度等工艺参数对制件强度的影响.采用正交试验的方法,在不同工艺参数下将复合尼龙粉末烧结成9组哑铃状试样,以强度为指标,计算出强度最好的工艺参数组合,并结合比较试件的尺寸精度得到激光烧结复合尼龙材料的最优工艺参数为：激光功率14 W,预热温度95℃,扫描速度1 400 mm/s,铺粉厚度0.1 mm.     

碳化硅零件的激光选区烧结及反应烧结工艺

为了获得高密度、高性能、复杂结构的碳化硅陶瓷件,提出采用机械混合法制备含有黏结剂和乌洛托品固化剂的碳化硅复合粉体,对复合粉体进行激光选区烧结（SLS）形成陶瓷素坯,并对素坯进行气氛烧结和渗硅处理,使其与基体发生反应烧结,最终形成复杂陶瓷异形件。实验证明：若激光功率为8.0 W、扫描速率为2 000 mm/s、扫描间距为0.1 mm、单层厚度为0.15 mm,获得的 SLS 陶瓷样品密度和强度最好。对SLS试样进行合理的中温碳化和高温渗硅,所得碳化硅陶瓷烧结体的抗弯强度最高可达 81 MPa,相对密度大于86%。     

氧化锆零件激光选区烧结/冷等静压复合成形技术

氧化锆陶瓷材料以其优异的性能在工业生产中具有极大的应用前景,但由于脆性大、硬度高等原因,复杂形状氧化锆零件往往难以成形和加工。为了获得复杂形状氧化锆陶瓷零件,通过溶剂沉淀法将粘接剂尼龙12覆膜至纳米氧化锆粉末的表面,然后对覆膜后的粉体进行激光选区烧结(Selective laser sintering, SLS)成形,并通过传统的冷等静压(Cold isostatic pressing, CIP)技术对SLS零件进行致密化处理,同时满足氧化锆初坯成形时形状复杂度和密度的要求。通过试验得出在激光能量密度为0.415 J/mm2时,获得的SLS陶瓷件密度较大,对不同激光能量密度制备的SLS陶瓷件进行保压压力为200 MPa的冷等静压致密化处理,根据热脱脂机理以及粘接剂的TG曲线,分别制定了SLS/CIP试样的热脱脂工艺,最后对脱脂试样进行高温烧结,在后续处理的各环节,氧化锆零件的密度仍受SLS成形的影响,但该影响逐渐减弱,SLS/CIP/FS成形件最大相对密度和维氏硬度分别达到了97%和1180 HV1,已接近“模压-烧结”的致密氧化锆陶瓷的性能,在试样断口的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析基础上,对氧化锆复合成形的微观演变进行了研究。虽然最终烧结件密度和硬度仍有待提高,但是提出了一种极具潜力的氧化锆零件近净成形工艺方法,为制造高性能复杂形状的陶瓷零件奠定了基础。     

激光选区烧结及其在精密制造业中的应用

研究了快速、精确制造金属模具的方法,提出利用激光选区烧结(SLS)技术来快速制造高精度陶瓷型精密铸造用母模.首先,采用正交试验法研究了激光选区烧结工艺参数对制件精度的影响,确定了最佳激光烧结工艺.在此基础上利用浸水起模法替代传统的起模喷烧工艺对陶瓷型精密铸造工艺进行改进.结果表明,选定激光烧结工艺参数为激光功率25 W,扫描速度2.0 m/s,扫描间距0.19 mm,分层厚度0.25 mm时,试样尺寸收缩率最低可达2％.采用陶瓷型浸水起模法起模容易,起模后陶瓷型表面光洁,在200℃焙烧温度下抗弯强度较高,为0.361 MPa.这些结果表明,利用SLS技术能够快速、准确地制造出陶瓷型精密铸造所需母模.     

基于SLS近似连续梯度密度样件工艺研究

为消除内置热源对烧结件密度的影响,制备近似连续梯度密度样件,建立了选择性激光烧结(SLS)相邻烧结层密度补偿的数学模型。通过对功率密度补偿系数的研究,修正离散化样件各个分层的设定功率,制备出了单一材质的近似连续梯度密度下颌骨简化模型样件。实验结果证明了所建立数学模型的可靠性。     

选择性激光烧结纳米蒙脱土改性聚苯乙烯

基于选择性激光烧结(SLS)技术,将有机纳米蒙脱土(OMMT)分别直接添加到聚苯乙烯(PS)、聚苯乙烯(PS)/环氧树脂(EP)混合粉末中,进行烧结试验;用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜对烧结试样进行了表征,并考察了其抗拉强度和抗弯强度。结果表明:利用SLS技术可直接制备出分别以PS粉末和PS/EP混合粉末为基体经有机纳米蒙脱土(OMMT)改性的纳米复合块体材料,添加了蒙脱土的两种复合粉末烧结试样的抗拉强度和抗弯强度均优于纯PS粉末的烧结试样,混合了EP粉末的PS/EP/OMMT复合粉末的性能最佳,其抗拉强度和抗弯强度比纯PS粉末的分别提高了139%和108%。     

Effect of delay time on part strength in selective laser sintering

Selective laser sintering (SLS) is one of the most popular layered manufacturing processes used for making functional prototypes of polymers and metals. It is a powder-based process in which layers of powder are spread and laser is used to sinter selected areas of preheated powder. In the present work, experimental investigations have been made to understand effect of delay time on SLS prototypes. Delay time is the time difference for laser exposure between any two adjacent points on successive scanning lines on a layer. Tensile specimens of polyamide material as per the ASTM standard are fabricated on SLS machine keeping delay time range constant for the entire specimen. Specimens are fabricated for different ranges of delay time and tested on universal testing machine for tensile strength. An optimum value of delay time range is obtained experimentally. As delay time depends on part build orientation, an algorithm has been developed and implemented to find out optimum part build orientation for improving tensile strength. The obtained results from developed code are validated experimentally for tensile specimen. Case study for a typical 3D part is also presented to demonstrate the capabilities of developed algorithm.     

硫化橡胶拉伸弹性模量测定方法的研究

该文研究了一种硫化橡胶拉伸弹性模量测定方法,测定方法是采用电脑系统拉力试验机作为测量装置,硫化橡胶受到拉伸时电脑将显示拉力、应力与应变等数据和图表,应力与应变之比即为橡胶的弹性模量,此方法方便、快捷、效率高。     

汽车发动机零件的快速制造

介绍了最适用于发动机零件制作的选区激光烧结(简称SLS)方法,并将快速成型技术与传统的铸造技术进行有效的结合形成快速铸造技术--熔模快速铸造和快速砂型铸造,以快速制造复杂金属零件.     

Direct metal laser fabrication: machine development and experimental work

A novel modification of the freeform technique selective laser sintering machine via system integration to develop a direct metal laser fabrication machine suitable for both nonmetal and metal materials is put forward in this paper, the aim of which is to establish an experiment platform for studying the direct metal laser fabrication (DMLF) as a variant of selective laser sintering (SLS). The system integration of two machines is realized by use of the low-power SLS Machine (CO₂, 50 W) and high-power laser processing machine (CO₂, 2,000 W) in our institute after the improvement or rebuilding of light route system, functional units, machinery and electrical system, and control software in the primary SLS machine, which means that direct metal laser fabrication machine with the laser power up to 1,000 W has been developed successfully. Functional tests of two machines and DMLF experiments of a large number of metal powders including Cu-based mixture and 316L-based mixture of powder have been done in detail. The results show that the material suitable for direct metal laser fabrication machine ranges from nonmetal powders to metal powders, including polystyrene, polyamide, polycarbonate, sands, and a large number of metal powders. At the same time, the primary functions or performances of both low-power SLS Machine and high-power laser processing machine are preserved entirely. Metal samples based on copper and 316L powders can be fabricated with the relative density of about 80% and 100%, respectively, by use of developed DMLF machine. The macro appearance and microstructure and processing mechanisms of DMLF are analyzed minutely. The academic application of DMLF machine for metal powders with high melting point has been making its mark.     

多金属3D打印的SLM设备工艺参数库试验研究

针对特定的金属3D打印机,加工不同金属均需反复实验,因此建立成形工艺参数数据库十分必要。以某国产金属打印设备为研究对象,以加工Al Si10Mg合金的工艺方法为例,采用正交试验方法和微观组织分析法验证其选择最佳工艺参数组合的正确性,最终通过多种金属的加工得到该设备的激光功率、扫描间距、扫描速度对打印不同金属的致密度、抗拉强度以及断后伸长率的影响的规律。结果显示选择激光功率时要充分考虑金属的熔点、易氧化、反光率等特性,扫描间距对成形不同金属的力学性能影响敏感度最大,为建立更多金属成形工艺数据库提供了参考。     

Temperature and stress analysis and simulation in fractal scanning-based laser sintering

A model for calculating the evolution of temperature and thermal stresses within a single metallic layer formed on the powder bed using different scanning patterns in selective laser sintering (SLS) was proposed. The model allows for the non-linear behavior of thermal conductivity, specific heat, and elastic modulus due to temperature changes and plastic deformation capabilities with a bilinear isotropic hardening behavior. The effect of laser scanning patterns on temperature, residual thermal stresses and distortion were investigated. It was shown that the distortion and transient stresses of a layer processed by a moving laser beam is decreased with fractal scanning pattern.     

SLS快速成形技术中激光加工参数对制件性能的影响

以AFS--320MZ快速成形机为例，研究了基于选择性激光烧结(SLS)快速成形制造中激光功率密度、扫描速度、扫描间距、扫描方式和铺粉密度等加工参数对制件性能的影响。     

Towards selective laser sintering of objects with customized mechanical properties based on ANFIS predictions

Recently, the adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) has been used extensively in modeling of manufacturing processes to save both optimization time and manufacturing costs. ANFIS is a powerful iterative tool for optimizing non-linear and multivariable manufacturing operations. In the present study, ANFIS is used to predict the optimum manufacturing parameters in selective laser sintering (SLS) of cement-filled polyamide 12 (PA12) composite. For this purpose, a set of cement-filled PA12 test specimens is manufactured by SLS technique with 8 different values of laser power (4.5–8 Watt) and 8 different weight fractions of white cement (5 %–40 %). Mechanical characterization of cement-filled PA12 is carried out to evaluate the ultimate tensile strength (UTS), compressive strength, and flexural properties. The experimental data are then divided into two groups; one group for training the ANFIS model and the other group for checking the validity of the identified model. The built ANFIS model was validated experimentally and comparison with experimental results revealed mean relative errors of 2.92 %, 3.84 %, 4.75 %, and 3.31 % in the predictions of UTS, compressive strength, flexural modulus, and flexural yield strength, respectively.