非均相催化臭氧化深度处理钻井废水的效能研究

采用单独臭氧氧化、MnO2吸附和O3/MnO2催化氧化3种体系对经过混凝处理后的钻井废水进行深度处理,重点研究了O3/MnO2催化氧化体系去除钻井废水中有机物(以COD计)的效能。结果表明:相比单独臭氧氧化和MnO2吸附体系,O3/MnO2催化氧化体系能显著提高COD和TOC的去除率;COD去除率随着臭氧投加量和催化剂投加量的增加、pH的升高和反应时间的增加而增大;在臭氧投加量为80 mg/L、pH为11.5、催化剂投加量为20 g/L、反应时间为40 min的最佳工艺条件下,COD和TOC的去除率分别达到87.51%、83.18%,COD从686.28 mg/L降至85.72mg/L,出水达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978—1996)的一级标准要求。     

Fe_2O_3/γ-Al_2O_3/H_2O_2/O_3对制药二级生化出水的深度处理研究

采用浸渍法将Fe_2O_3负载在γ-Al_2O_3表面,制备高活性催化剂。采用Fe_2O_3/γ-Al_2O_3/H_2O_2/O_3催化氧化深度处理制药二级生化出水,考察催化剂投加量、pH值、双氧水投加量、臭氧流量等对废水中COD去除率的影响。结果显示,在催化剂投加量3 g/L,废水pH为9,双氧水投加量1 mg/L,臭氧流量1.0 L/min条件下,COD去除率达到85.96%。催化剂循环使用10次后,COD去除率仍然可达到83%以上,证明催化剂稳定性良好。     

Fe_2O_3/γ-Al_2O_3/H_2O_2/O_3对制药二级生化出水的深度处理研究

采用浸渍法将Fe_2O_3负载在γ-Al_2O_3表面,制备高活性催化剂。采用Fe_2O_3/γ-Al_2O_3/H_2O_2/O_3催化氧化深度处理制药二级生化出水,考察催化剂投加量、pH值、双氧水投加量、臭氧流量等对废水中COD去除率的影响。结果显示,在催化剂投加量3 g/L,废水pH为9,双氧水投加量1 mg/L,臭氧流量1.0 L/min条件下,COD去除率达到85.96%。催化剂循环使用10次后,COD去除率仍然可达到83%以上,证明催化剂稳定性良好。     

多相催化臭氧化技术处理钻井废水的试验研究

以COD为考察目标,采用多相催化臭氧化技术对钻井废水进行处理试验。考察了催化剂投加量、臭氧投加量、pH、反应时间等因素对COD去除效果的影响。试验结果表明:在催化剂投加质量浓度为50 mg/L,臭氧投加量为8.0 mg/min,pH=11和反应时间为30 min时,多相催化臭氧化技术对钻井废水处理效果最好,COD去除率达到88.7%,出水COD降至141.70 mg/L,达到了《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978—1996)二级标准。     

O_3/TiO_2/Al_2O_3处理钻井废水的试验研究

试验采用改进的溶胶-凝胶法制备了以Al2O3为载体的TiO2多相催化剂,并以钻井废水COD为目标降解物,考察了催化剂投加量、臭氧浓度、pH和反应时间对O3/TiO2/Al2O3催化氧化去除COD的影响。结果表明:相比于单独O3、O3/TiO2处理工艺,O3/TiO2/Al2O3明显地提高了对废水COD的去除率,且碱性pH环境利于TiO2/Al2O3催化臭氧化反应的进行;在催化剂投加量为3.75g/L,臭氧质量浓度为80mg/L,pH为9.4的条件下,反应25min后,COD去除率可达92.35%,废水COD可从890 mg/L降至约68 mg/L,达到了《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978—1996)的一级排放标准。     

催化氧化法处理聚乙烯醇废水

文章使用液相沉淀法制备Mn2O3催化H2O2降解聚乙烯醇,讨论了溶液的pH、反应温度、氧化剂催化剂投加量以及反应时间对浓度降解率、COD去除率的影响。结果表明:在pH=3、催化剂Mn2O3 1 g/L,温度25℃,时间为90 min,双氧水用量为5 mL/L时,聚乙烯醇的浓度降解率为73.14%,COD去除率为60.26%,120 min内COD去除率最高为63.35%,出水CODCr=146.6 mg/L。     

臭氧-过氧化氢氧化预处理H酸废水

采用工业生产中排放的H酸废水作为研究对象,探讨了臭氧-H2O2氧化的预处理方法对该废水的处理效果。结果表明：在单独臭氧氧化反应体系中,初始CODCr的质量浓度为1 200 mg/L,pH值为7,臭氧氧化时间在20 min（通量为1 L/min）时,CODCr和色度去除率分别为36.7%和95%。单独H2O2氧化反应体系中,H2O2投加量为8 mL/L时,CODCr去除率为7.7%,H2O2投加量达到60 mL/L时,CODCr去除率最高仅达到25.6%。臭氧-H2O2联用体系中,相同初始CODCr浓度、pH值、臭氧氧化时间及臭氧通量条件下,质量分数为3%的H2O2溶液投加量为8 mL/L时,CODCr和色度去除率分别可达48.8%和98%。因此,臭氧-H2O2氧化的预处理方法对H酸废水降解效果良好,且明显优于单独臭氧氧化以及单独H2O2氧化。     

O3/H2O2高级氧化法预处理酒精废水的实验研究

实验探讨了O3/H2O2高级氧化法预处理某制药酒精废水过程中H2O2投加量、pH值、反应时间、臭氧发生器氧气流量等因素对CODCr去除率的影响。实验得出的最佳反应条件是：H2O2投加量98 mmol/L,pH值11,氧气流量60 L/h,反应时间90 min,在最佳条件下反应后废水CODCr去除率46.3%,TOC去除率50.5%,B/C从0.08提高到0.32,废水可生化性明显提高,能够满足后续生化处理的需要。     

UV-Fenton法处理草浆造纸废水的研究

采用UV-Fenton法对自偶氧化清洁制浆造纸废水进行处理.考察了废水pH、H2O2投加量、Fe2 投加量、反应时间以及紫外光强等对废水中CODCr去除率的影响,得到了最佳的工艺条件为pH 3.53、H2O2投加浓度46.19mmol/L、Fe2 投加浓度3.06 mmol/L,反应60 min后CODCr去除率达到67.13%,出水CODCr降到428 mg/L,改善了废水的可生化性,有利于进一步进行生化处理.     

非均相催化氧化处理染料废水

以自制复合颗粒为载体,采用混合-浸渍煅烧法,制备了CuO/C-Al2O3-凹凸棒,考察催化剂在处理酸性大红和活性蓝X-BR染料废水中的催化性能及稳定性,试验结果表明:去除酸性大红和活性蓝X-BR的最佳条件是:温度为60℃,氧化剂的投加量为80 mL/L,pH值为2,催化剂的投加量分别为40、30 g/L。催化剂稳定性好,重复利用10次后对酸性大红的去除率仍达85%以上。将粉末活性炭、活性氧化铝、凹凸棒复合制成载体,为染料废水处理提供了一种新思路。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。