基于Matlab的数控磨削球面粗糙度分析及仿真

文章通过对数控磨削球面的表面粗糙度的形成机理分析,建立了磨粒轨迹坐标系的数学模型并进行计算;然后利用Matlab软件对数控磨削球面的加工轨迹进行了仿真,且对砂轮的形貌,如相邻磨粒的间距以及磨粒高度的随机分布建立了公式,进而编制M文件计算不同参数变化时表面粗糙度的取值,采用列表的方式对影响磨削球面表面粗糙度的各个影响因素综合比较,得出合理选择数控磨削球面时加工方式及砂轮的粒度和浓度、砂轮转速及砂轮直径、工件转速及工件直径、工件的加工部位等各项因素的综合方法。     

磨粒流抛光阀块内孔道的数值模拟与试验研究

针对液压阀块孔道内部结构复杂难以进行精密加工的问题,提出利用磨粒流精密抛光技术来实现加工工艺。使用流体仿真软件Fluent进行数值模拟,研究进口压力、磨料浓度、磨粒粒度等对磨粒流加工效果的影响。以液压阀块内的孔道为研究对象,对不同的进口压力、磨料浓度、磨粒粒度下内孔道磨粒流的速度、湍流动能、静压、壁面剪切力进行仿真,得出结论：当入口压力为8 MPa、磨料浓度为0.1、磨粒粒度为200目时,阀块内孔道的抛光效果较好。以该参数进行相应的磨粒流加工实验,结果表明：阀块孔道内壁面的表面粗糙度明显降低,提高了孔道内壁面的表面质量。     

磨料射流铣削工艺参数优化

目的对表面粗糙度和材料去除率作为输出参数的磨料水射流铣削45#钢过程进行研究,旨在寻找最优加工参数。方法对射流去除材料机理进行了分析,设计并进行了以磨料粒度、射流压力、横向进给距离、靶距为加工工艺参数的田氏正交实验。采用Minitab对不同实验参数组合下磨料水射流加工45#钢的表面粗糙度、材料去除效率进行了数据分析,并从材料去除机理方面,对4种加工工艺参数对于铣削表面质量和材料去除效率的影响程度和影响趋势,以及各因素之间的交互作用进行了分析。结果对射流铣削面表面粗糙度影响较显著的因素是横向进给距离,射流压力次之;对于材料去除效率,磨料粒径的影响最显著,横向进给距离次之。结论综合材料去除效率和表面粗糙度值,选出最优加工参数:磨料粒径2000目,射流压力120~160 MPa,喷嘴横移距离1.0~1.5 mm,靶距约30 mm。     

永磁场磁力研磨TC11钛合金的实验研究

目的解决钛合金机械加工后表面质量差的难题。方法采用磁力研磨工艺对TC11钛合金进行了表面光整加工。以表面粗糙度为主要评价指标,研究了磁力研磨工艺参数对钛合金表面质量的影响,并对工艺参数进行了优化。采用优化后的工艺参数对钛合金进行了表面光整加工,研究了磁力研磨工艺对钛合金金相组织的影响。结果当加工间隙为3 mm时,研磨压力适宜,加工后工件表面粗糙度值最小。采用粒径为100目的磨粒使工件表面研磨加工后纹理更细,表面粗糙度值最低。提高主轴转速,工件表面材料去除率增加,当主轴转速为1500 r/min时,加工后工件表面粗糙度值最小。对比工件加工前后的金相组织,加工后试样表面组织晶粒变细,晶界增多,工件表面应力状态由张应力转变为压应力。结论实验确定了较优的工艺参数组合,即:加工间隙为3 mm,磨粒粒径为100目,主轴转速为1500 r/min。采用永磁场磁力研磨工艺,能够大幅降低TC11钛合金表面粗糙度,并使钛合金表面组织得到改善。     

磨料浆体射流抛光模具钢的试验研究

通过磨料浆体射流抛光加工SKD12模具钢的试验研究,分析了浆体射流的加工参数与抛光加工工件表面质量之间的关系,得出了各个工艺参数对磨料浆体射流加工质量的影响规律。结果表明:模具钢抛光表面R_a值与磨料尺寸成正比,与工件的初始R_a值无关;走刀速度4 mm/s、喷射压力0.7 MPa、靶距5 mm、磨料浓度75 g/L时工件表面质量最佳;氧化铝磨料比碳化硅磨料抛光质量高;当走刀间距为1.25D时表面粗糙度值最低,且喷嘴直径越大表面R_a值越小。      

微磨料水射流对工件表面抛光作用的研究

采用碳化硅固体磨粒、纯水和水溶性乳蜡(水蜡)混合而成的液体磨料,液体磨料的浓度按固体磨粒与添加液的质量比1∶ 2的比例混合,工件材料采用热作模具钢4Cr5MoSiV1,被抛光工件表面分别为未经热处理的模具钢表面和电火花加工后的工件表面.实验研究了不同粒度的固体磨粒、添加液浓度、抛光时间等对抛光性能的影响.研究表明,经过90 min的抛光,两种抛光面的表面粗糙度值Ra都呈显著下降.对于电火花加工表面,抛光90 min后的粗糙度值由最初的Ra=1.0 μm下降到Ra=0.08 μm;对于未经热处理的工件表面,抛光90 min后的粗糙度值由最初的Ra=0.36 μm下降到Ra=0.06 μm.证明微磨料水射流对工件表面具有良好的抛光作用.研究还表明,磨料液成分、抛光时间以及被抛光工件材料以及工件表面原始粗糙度等对抛光性能有重要影响.对于硬度和粗糙度较高的工件表面,宜采用具有较粗的固体磨料粒子和较高浓度添加剂的磨料液;对于硬度和粗糙度较低的工件表面,宜采用较细的固体磨料粒子和添加剂浓度较低的磨料液.对于较低硬度的工件表面,采用蜡敷磨粒的磨料液可缩短抛光时间和提高抛光的表面精度.     

钛合金磨粒水射流加工中的磨粒嵌入问题

磨粒水射流加工技术是工业上广泛使用的去除材料的加工技术，常作为一种切割材料的方法，通过负载粒子水射流对工件的冲击达到去除材料的目的。磨粒水射流加工使用的力很小，因此在加工易变形或难加工材料时对工件造成的变形也很小，但存在的一个问题是会出现磨粒嵌人材料表面的现象，导致部件在服役中涂敷分层或疲劳性能降低。研究认为，磨粒粒子嵌入表面的严重程度与工艺和材料有关，磨粒的尺寸、注射角、加工方向和注射速度都会产生影响。为探讨这些因素的具体影响程度，在一台工业设备上做了磨粒水射流加工实验。     

高分子添加剂对磨料水射流切割质量的影响

通过磨料水射流和在磨料水射流中加入不同浓度高分子添加剂切割大理石的对比实验,测量了在不同工况下切缝表面不同位置测点的粗糙度。试验结果表明:在相同工况下,高分子添加剂磨料水射流较磨料水射流能减小切缝表面粗糙度,提高切缝表面质量;不同浓度高分子添加剂磨料射流对切缝表面粗糙度影响不一,存在最优浓度为3×10~(-4);磨料水射流切割中,走刀速度过慢和过快时获得切缝表面最小表面粗糙度的靶距较正常走刀速度大;高分子添加剂磨料射流切割中,不同走刀速度下获得切缝最小表面粗糙度的靶距趋向一致。     

磨料水射流切割微晶复合材料的工艺参数对光滑区粗糙度的影响

本文通过单因素试验,研究了磨料水射流切割微晶复合材料时射流压力、靶距、切割速度和磨料流量对光滑区粗糙度的影响规律,进行了正交试验,得出了磨料水射流各工艺参数对光滑区粗糙度影响的重要程度主次顺序,并且得出了最优工艺参数组合。试验结果表明:在磨料水射流切割微晶复合材料时,射流压力增加,光滑区粗糙度先减小后增加;靶距增加,粗糙度增大;切割速度增加,粗糙度增大;磨料流量增加,粗糙度减小。优化后的加工工艺参数为:射流压力260 MPa、靶距4 mm、切割速度144mm/min、磨料流量590 g/min。     

磁力研磨精密抛光φ4×150mm TC4管内表面的实验研究

目的提高磁力研磨法光整小直径TC4管内表面时的研磨效率。方法将多个径向充磁的磁极组成柔性磁极链放置在工件的内部,致使整个加工区域的磁感应强度得到大幅度增强,再配合多种运动,完成对小直径细长管内表面的高效精密抛光。利用响应面法分析了工件转速、磨粒粒径和研磨液用量的交互作用对研磨效率的影响规律。结果在磨粒的平均粒径保持不变时,转速在18 000~20 000 r/min范围内时,表面粗糙度值趋于稳定,研磨液用量为8 m L时,表面粗糙度值达到最低。研磨液用量保持不变、转速在18000~20 000 r/min范围内时,表面粗糙度趋于稳定。磨粒的平均粒径为250μm时,表面粗糙度值达到最低。工件转速不变、研磨液用量为8 m L、磨粒的平均粒径为250μm时,工件表面粗糙度值达到最低。经过40 min的研磨,工件各位置的表面粗糙度值Ra稳定至0.35~0.2μm。结论优化后的工艺参数组合为:工件转速20000 r/min、研磨液用量8 m L、磁性磨粒的平均粒径250μm。加工后工件内表面加工均匀性显著提升,原始缺陷被完全去除,达到最佳效果。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

The Mirror with Patterns of Auspicious Animals and Grapes——Exquisite cast mirror and the technology of surface tin-enrichment by rubbing-in and infiltration of tin-rich powder

<正>Bronze mirrors were used by the Chinese people before the introduction of the glass mirror.Only after it was replaced by the glass mirror did the bronze mirror gradually retreat from people's lives.Different styles of bronze mirrors were made in different historical periods,particularly in the Warring States Period,the Han and Tang Dynasties,which were the three peaks of the development of bronze mirror arts in ancient China.The casting techniques were exquisite.The surface of the bronze mirror was smooth and bright enough to reflect one's image,and there were scarcely any casting defects on the mirror surface.On the back of the bronze mirror,there were rich depictions of Arts and Humanities,and the ornamentations were also     

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition was held on July 22-24, 2014 at Shanghai New International Expc Centre. This exhibition was the most successful over the years, with over 6890 visitors and 155 exhibitors, and the exhibition area increased by 30% from 9,500 square meters in 2012 to 12340 square meters. Die casting enterprises from a total of 24 countries and regions, including China mainland, Chinese Taiwan and Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States, Russia, Australia, Iran, Ukraine, Brazil, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Canada, Croatia, France, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vietnam, attended the congress and exhibition.     

Introduction of the Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology

正The Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology was set up in 1996.The researches of institute concentrate on electro-hydraulic(pneumatic)servo/proportional control and hydromechatronics.The Institute is committed to research and development of electro-hydraulic control of high-end technical equipment in ferrous metallurgy refining produc-     

RARE METALS Volume Contents

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Antimony Induced Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon

Antimony induced crystallization of PVD (physics vapor deposition) amorphous silicon can be observed on sapphire substrates. Very large crystalline regions up to several tens of micrometers can be formed. The Si diffraction patterns of the area of crystallization can be observed with TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Only a few and much smaller crystals of the order of 1μm were formed when the antimony layer was deposited by MBE (molecular beam epitaxy) compared with a layer formed by thermal evaporation. The use of high vacuum is essential in order to observe any Sb induced crystallization at all. In addition it is necessary to take measures to limit the evaporation of the antimony.     

A CUMULATIVE FATIGUE DAMAGE RULE UNDER THE ALTERNATIVE OF CORROSION OR CYCLIC LOADING

Fatigue damage increases with the applied loading cycles in a cumulative manner and the material deteriorates with the corrosion time. A cumulative fatigue damage rule under the alternative of corrosion or cyclic loading was proposed. The specimens of aluminum alloy LY12-CZ soaked in corrosive liquid for different times were tested under the constant amplitude cyclic loading to obtain S-N curves. The test was carried out to verify the proposed cumulative fatigue damage rule under the different combinations among corrosion time, loading level, and the cycle numbers. It was shown that the predicted residual fatigue lives showed a good agreement with the experimental results and the proposed rule was simple and can be easily adopted.