压电陶瓷驱动器动态驱动电源设计

针对大位移压电陶瓷驱动器的特点,设计了一种可动态应用的驱动电源,并给出了详细的电路原理图.对驱动电源的性能试验表明,在输入为正弦波、三角波和方波等动态信号时,该驱动电源可以很好的跟随输入信号的变化,显示出优异的动态性能.对压电陶瓷驱动器的驱动试验表明,该驱动电源具有较强的带负载能力,可满足大位移压电陶瓷驱动器的动态驱动...     

压电陶瓷迟滞特性的建模及复合控制

压电陶瓷因其具有迟滞特性,如不经处理,会对其应用产生影响.针对当期望输出与频率无关时的压电陶瓷的迟滞非线性问题,提出了一种基于极坐标的数学建模方法,同时给出了通用的PI迟滞模型,并对两种模型进行了比较.仿真结果表明仿真曲线较平滑,克服了PI迟滞算子拟合出现的毛刺问题. 根据实验结果分析了极坐标的迟滞曲线和PI迟滞曲线的拟合误差,并进一步给出了拟合方差.在该迟滞模型的基础上,引入前馈PID控制方法进行实验,给出跟踪平均绝对误差及方差,并与经典PI控制在跟踪精确度等方面进行了比较.实验结果证明了该控制方法的可行性和精确性.     

蠕动式压电直线驱动器的发展及应用

综述了国内外尺蠖驱动器的发展及其研究现状,列举了一些典犁例子,总结了尺蠖驱动器的应用领域.针对现在的尺蠖驱动器在设计、材料、控制等方面存在的问题,指出了在其研究开发中需要解决的关键技术.     

压电驱动器研究与应用中的若干新进展

作为新型功能材料驱动器家族中的重要成员,压电陶瓷在工业生产和日常生活中得到了广泛的应用。由压电陶瓷构成的精度高、控制方便、能耗低的驱动器,在精密伺服控制系统中具有独特的技术优势。详细阐明了压电驱动器的独特优点,概述了其结构类型与应用分类。在此基础上,综述了该驱动器研究与应用中的若干热点以及未来的发展趋势。     

提高蠕动式压电直线驱动器输出力的研究进展

蠕动式压电直线驱动器具有大位移行程和高位移分辨率的特点,但是箝位机构利用静摩擦力输出负载的方式大大限制了系统的进给刚度和输出推力.从箝位机构的结构类型、运动方式以及和新材料新技术的交叉应用等方面,介绍了几种典型尺蠖驱动器的研究进展,为提高系统的输出力,指出了今后的研究方向.     

压电陶瓷执行器多模时变滑模逆补偿控制

针对压电陶瓷执行器的迟滞问题,设计多模时变滑模逆补偿控制器对压电陶瓷执行器进行控制.首先,利用Preisach逆模型对迟滞进行串级补偿.然后,针对补偿后的压电陶瓷执行器,设计滑模变结构控制.为了消除滑模控制的到达过程,采用带指数项的滑模面.为了消除系统的静态误差,同时也减小超调,设计一个普通时变滑模面和一个带积分项的时变滑模面,采用多模控制的思想对所设计的两个滑模控制进行切换.并且通过模糊控制方法确定两个滑模控制器的切换时刻.另外,用滑模面代替切换函数有效地消除了抖振.实验结果表明,所采用的多模时变滑模逆补偿控制,消除了滑模控制的达到阶段和抖振,两个滑模控制平滑切换,克服了压电陶瓷执行器的迟滞非线性,提高了控制精确度,跟踪的平均绝对误差为0.0135 μm.     

压电驱动器驱动电源设计

针对提高电源的输出质量、容性负载的响应速度等设计要求,设计了一种基于PA78的电压控制型压电陶瓷驱动电源。从理论角度研究了电压控制型驱动电源特点并初步制定了设计方案,以PA78高压功放作为核心器件,对驱动电源的核心电路、直流稳压电路及放电回路等进行设计。在此基础上,对驱动电源电路的稳定性、频响特性等关键性能进行研究。最后搭建了驱动电源测试系统,在容性负载情况下,对驱动电源的线性度、纹波电压等基本性能进行测试和分析,实验结果表明所设计的驱动电源满足设计要求。     

整体对称结构的压电步进型精密直线驱动器

介绍了近年国际上压电型精密驱动器的典型结构、工作原理和特点.在此基础上,提出一种新颖的以压电叠堆为驱动元件的整体对称结构的精密直线驱动器.这种整体对称结构采用双侧对箝、精调斜块对及整体加工等独特的结构和工艺手段,保证了驱动器工作的稳定性和准确性.对该步进型精密直线驱动器进行了大量试验,说明驱动器具有实用性.     

叠层型压电驱动器技术及实验研究

叠层型压电陶瓷利用逆压电效应可以得到精确的微位移量.介绍了叠层型压电驱动器的性能特性.并基于正交三角放大原理设计了一种微位移放大机构,使其将叠层型压电微位移器的位移量放大.实验结果表明,驱动器各项指标均达到设计要求,证明了设计理论的正确性.     

行走式尺蠖压电直线驱动器研究现状及关键技术综述

尺蠖压电驱动器具有大行程、高精度、大输出力、快速响应、无磁场影响等优点,在超精密定位领域具有广泛的应用前景。而行走式尺蠖压电驱动器又以箝位机构结构简单、刚度和动态性能好,中间驱动机构偏摆小,整体体积小,运动稳定性好等特性引起世界各国的关注。在阐述行走式尺蠖压电驱动器的本质、组成结构及运动原理的基础上,对其国内外研究现状及其关键技术进行了分析,并对其发展趋势进行了展望。     

尺蠖式压电陶瓷驱动电源设计

为了满足尺蠖式压电陶瓷驱动器的控制需要,设计了相应的驱动电源。DSP是控制器,通过网口接收上位机的控制命令,通过异步总线与FPGA进行数据通信,FPGA操作4路D/A生成4路满足相应时序要求的波形,波形经过精密运放前级放大和由分立元器件搭建的功率放大,输出到尺蠖式压电陶瓷驱动器的电源输入端。测试和试验表明,电源带宽高,纹波小,阶跃响应特性和动态特性良好,能够精确的控制尺蠖式压电陶瓷驱动器微位移定位,可以应用在精密工程技术领域中。     

Hysteresis nonlinearity compensator for piezoelectric actuator

The purpose of this paper is to improve the hysteresis characteristics of a stack type piezoelectric actuator using the hysteresis nonlinearity compensator. Recently, several printing methods that cost less and are faster than previous semiconductor processes have been developed for the production of electric paper and RFID. The system proposed in this study prints by spraying the molten metal, and consists of a nozzle, heating furnace, operating actuator, and an XYZ 3-axis stage. As an operating system, the piezoelectric (PZT) method has very valuable uses. However, the PZT actuator has a hysteresis nonlinearity due to the ferroelectric characteristics of the PZT element. This causes problems in the system position control characteristics and deteriorates the performance of the system. This study proposed an inverse hysteresis model, a mathematic modeling method that can express the geometric relationship between voltage and displacement, in order to reduce the hysteresis of the PZT actuator. In addition, system identification and PID control methods were examined. Also, it was confirmed that the proposed control strategy gives good tracking performance.     

Analysis of primary-on-slider ultrasonic piezoelectric actuators and experiments on multidegree of motion freedom plane actuator

Recently, various machines and tools have been miniaturized, and with this trend, the size of an actuator becomes a very important factor. An ultrasonic actuator is different from other actuators using electromagnet force in the driving principle. The structures of an ultrasonic piezoelectric actuator is simple. An ultrasonic actuator converts the ultrasonic mechanical energy to mechanical thrust force by a friction force. Based on this idea, various ultrasonic actuators have been proposed and experimentally constructed. In this paper, the basic characteristics of a piezoelectric actuator are analyzed theoretically. The relationship between the thrust force and the weight force is clarified and verified by experiments. Various prototypes of plane ultrasonic piezoelectric actuators are constructed experimentally, and the fundamental characteristics are measured.     

直线型超声波电动机压电作动器的位移特性研究

由于压电作动器的位移特性对直线超声波电动机的性能有较大的影响,以单层和叠堆压电陶瓷作动器为对象,分别通过理论和计算机模拟对其位移特性进行分析,得出了影响压电作动器位移特性的主要因素,为研制新型叠堆压电陶瓷作动器和开发精密直线型超声波电动机提供理论参考。     

Fuzzy adaptive optimal control for nonlinear switched systems with actuator hysteresis

This article considers the issue of fuzzy adaptive dynamic programming control of nonlinear switched systems with arbitrary switchings and unknown uncertain functions and actuator hysteresis nonlinearities. The whole control approach is made of switching feedforward controller and optimal switching feedback controller. To get over the hardness of arbitrary switching structure and the issue of “explosion of complexity”, the common Lyapunov function theory and dynamic surface control method are utilized in the recursive design technique. By using fuzzy logic systems to model unknown inner dynamics and unknown cost functions, a novel fuzzy adaptive optimal switching control strategy is developed. Meanwhile, uniformly ultimately boundedness of all weights in the controlled systems are proved by the proposed control method, and the tracking performance is guaranteed in an optimal manner. Subsequently, a numerical simulation study is used to test the effectiveness of the presented control strategy.     

Micro Piezoelectric Ultrasonic Motors

This paper reviews recent developments of micro ultrasonic rotary motors using piezoelectric resonant vibrations. Following the historical background, four ultrasonic motors recently developed at Penn State University are introduced; windmill, PZT tube, metal tube, and shear-type motors. Driving principles and motor characteristics are described in comparison with the conventional ultrasonic motors. Motors with 1.5 mm in diameter and 0.8 mNm in torque have been actually developed.     

国内外直线超声电机的研究现状及关键技术

分析了直线超声电机的优点，按时间顺序介绍了国内外直线超声电机的研究状况，并给出了一些典型的电机形式及其工作原理；提出了当今直线超声电机研究中存在的问题及需要加强研究的关键技术。     

Investigation of omnidirectional piezoelectric actuator

A study of a novel design composite piezoelectric actuator for omnidirectional object positioning is given in the paper. The actuator consists of a vibrating disc with a small cylinder mounted at the centre and a piezoceramic disc. The cylinder magnifies resonant bending vibrations of the vibrating disc and transmits driving force to the slider. Electrodes of the piezoceramic disc cover all the surface of the bottom and are divided into four equal sectors. 2D motion and rotation of the slider is achieved depending on the excitation scheme of the electrodes. Numerical modeling based on the finite element method was performed to obtain resonance frequencies and modal shapes of the actuator and to calculate the trajectories of contact point’s movements under different excitation schemes of the electrodes. A prototype actuator was made and experimental outcomes of the oscillations of the working surfaces are given. Results of the numerical and experimental investigations are analyzed and discussed.     

A 2-dimensional impact driven precise actuator using piezoelectric bimorphs

A new precise actuator is proposed, which is actuated by the impact force of an end-loaded piezoelectric bimorph cantilever, and bears two degrees of freedom for translation and rotation. The dynamic characteristics of the piezoelectric bimorph were analyzed by FEM, and are further proved by experimental tests. A new control system for the actuator was put forward and tested, which is called the fixed-frequency with adjustable voltage. In addition, the actuator’s performance of translation and rotation were both measured. The results demonstrate that the actuator is characterized by a simple structure, large movement range, strong driving ability and high positioning resolution. Its cost is estimated at only 1% of the traditional impact actuators. __________ Translated from Journal of Jilin University (Engineering and Technology Edition), 2006, 36(1): 67–71 (in Chinese)