水产生态养殖与新养殖模式发展战略研究

发展可持续的水产养殖对于保障水产品供给、改善膳食结构、促进农民增收等方面具有重要意义。本文系统阐述了水产生态养殖与新养殖模式发展战略研究的意义,分析了国内外水产养殖业的发展现状,结合国内外水产生态养殖与新养殖模式发展的经验以及我国面临的主要问题,提出了我国水产养殖业高效、可持续发展的关键技术和对策建议。     

水产生物安保发展趋势与政策建议

本文基于我国水产养殖疫病防控发展的现状和趋势,对我国水产生物安保需求形势形成基本判断。针对水产养殖业"十三五"发展规划,凝练出水产生物安保的战略目标、基本原则和战略重点,并提出了"以生物安保为指导调整我国水产养殖业发展政策""积极与国际接轨提升我国水生动物卫生管理水平"和"尽快实施一批水产生物安保科技重点研发计划"等重大建议;指出应认清生物安保属国家生态安全的战略地位,是行业执政能力的反映,应以生物安保为核心引领我国水产养殖业的技术升级与结构调整,并尽快重点抓好国家级和省级原良种场的生物安保,为我国水产养殖业的健康可持续发展提供支撑。     

物联网技术在我国水产养殖上的应用发展对策

本文通过对我国水产养殖物联网技术应用现状和存在问题的分析,提出了发展水产养殖物联网应用的关键技术和政策建议。我国水产养殖物联网技术目前主要应用于养殖水环境监控、养殖区域管理监控、养殖动物生长状况监控以及养殖产品储运、加工环节监控等方面。面临的主要问题有:水产养殖业相当程度上还处于粗放型的生产阶段,不能适应现代化水产养殖生产的要求;物联网设备技术还不太可靠,行业标准尚不统一;资金投入大,成本高等问题。发展水产养殖物联网应解决的关键技术有:精准养殖环境感知技术,精准养殖模拟技术,精准养殖设备智能控制技术,精准养殖管理技术,精准养殖规模化生产集成技术等。建议政府有关部门要制定我国水产养殖物联网发展规划,全面布局;提升水产养殖信息化水平,优化水产养殖物联网应用环境;设立精准水产养殖环境感知技术研发项目;加强水产养殖物联网示范项目建设;加大政府推动水产养殖物联网产业化发展的作用。     

海洋水产养殖业中的生物污损与控制

生物污损是全世界海洋水产养殖业面临的重要难题。目标养殖物及养殖设备时刻面临来自污损生物的各种威胁,主要表现为通过物理破坏、机械干扰、生物竞争和改变环境等方式对养殖产量造成重大影响。随着海洋水产养殖业不断往深远海域拓展以及食品产业限制杀菌剂使用相关立法的日益严格,新的防污损手段在有效控制污损生物群落演化和发展的同时,必须满足环境、社会和经济等多方面的需求。本文简要介绍了海洋水产养殖中生物污损的情况及影响,综述了目前国内外防污技术的研究与应用。     

水产养殖设施与深水养殖平台工程发展战略

设施与装备是我国发展环境友好型养殖业的重要保障。要坚持生态优先、绿色发展的理念,转变过去粗放型养殖生产方式,就必须大力开展设施装备技术研究,努力提高我国装备技术水平。只有这样,才能促进我国水产养殖业健康持续地发展。本文重点介绍了我国水产养殖装备设施应用现状、发展水产养殖工程面临的主要问题和发展水产养殖工程应用的关键技术,并提出了对策建议,以期为今后的设施与装备的研发提供借鉴。     

养殖业“十三五”发展趋势与政策建议

"十三五"期间乃至未来一段时间内,我国养殖产品需求仍呈刚性增长,但是养殖业面临资源短缺日趋严重、环境制约日益加剧等不利局面,同时面临国际竞争对国内产业冲击加剧等新的形势,未来我国养殖业必须走可持续发展道路。本文基于对我国养殖业的发展现状、可持续发展所面临的挑战,形成对我国养殖业可持续发展形势的基本判断,针对"十三五",凝练了养殖业可持续发展的战略目标、基本原则和战略重点,并提出了"进一步明确养殖业在现代农业中的战略主导地位""合理利用国际市场保障我国食物安全""加快启动和实施一批养殖科技重点研发计划"等重大建议,为我国养殖业加快发展方式转变、实现现代化提供理论支撑。     

构建基于水产福利养殖理念的高端养殖战略研究

当前,我国的水产养殖业正处于一个全新发展时期。加快经济增长方式转变,走节能减排、绿色环保、优质高效发展道路,已经成为业界人士的共同奋斗目标。本文在"国家鲆鲽类产业技术体系"的资助下,以近10年鲆鲽类封闭式循环水养殖系统的研究为基础,面对未来发展高效养殖模式的巨大需求,积极倡导水产动物福利养殖理念,引入先进的工程化、信息化、自动化,以及现代生物技术和养殖系统控制技术,实施多学科交叉融合,构筑具有数字化、智能化和标准化的、有福利内涵的工业化养殖模式,为确保产品质量安全,实现国产养殖装备的标准化、信息化,持续推进我国高端水产养殖业的快速发展,提供理论与技术依据。     

卷首语

正中国素有"水产养殖之乡"之美誉,不仅历史悠久,也是较早认识到水产养殖将在现代渔业发展中发挥重要作用并为食物安全做出贡献的国家。20世纪中后期,经历30年的研究与实践,中国于1986年确定了"以养为主"的渔业发展方针,从而促使水产养殖业快速发展。此后30年的发展,使中国成为世界第一水产养殖大国、世界上唯一水产养殖产量超过捕捞产量的国家,水产养殖业为"解决吃鱼难、农民增收、提供优质蛋白、调整渔业结构"做出了     

国内外循环水养殖专利分析及启示

通过检索分析Thomson Innovation(TI)专利数据库中的国内外循环水养殖专利数据和研讨循环水养殖系统发展趋势,发现养殖水体净化工艺、养殖池结构设计、养殖水体温度调控、生物滤器和过滤设备等为目前国际循环养殖系统的研究热点,而国内循环水养殖系统的主要研究热点为鱼池设计、生物滤器、水循环装置、供氧、电机轴等;尽管部分国际研究热点在我国仍处于起步阶段,但近几年我国循环水养殖专利在数量上具有明显优势且增长较快,预计国内循环水养殖技术在未来会有快速发展。本文围绕我国"高效、优质、生态、健康、安全"的水产养殖业可持续发展战略目标,对我国循环水养殖发展提出了对策建议。     

水产健康养殖理念与发展对策

随着水产养殖业规模的扩大和养殖集约化程度逐步提高,人们对产量的片面追求导致养殖环境日趋恶化,病害发生率越来越高,水产品的质量不断下滑,安全问题成为人们关注的焦点。本文从水产健康养殖理念的形成与发展、涉及关键技术问题以及发展趋势等方面探讨了水产健康养殖的重要性和紧迫性,并从科研、技术、产业和政策法规等方面对水产健康养殖的实施和推广提出了一些建议和对策。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...