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中低放废物的近地表处置(二)4放射性废物4.1放射性废物分类方法4.1.1引言为了有效地描述放射性废物,显然需要有一种废物分类体系。本节对使用分类体系的原因、一个成功的分类体系所应遵从的原则以及该体系的潜在基础予以论述,阐述了由IAEA建议的放射性废... 相似文献
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对放射性废物进行分类管理,能有效减少最终处置的废物量,减轻营运单位的负担,并减少对环境的影响。废物分类方法有很多种,将废物分类与处置联系起来是国际原子能机构建议的优选分类方法。本文以中国原子能科学研究院(原子能院)为例,通过研究国内外的废物分类体系,分析原子能院产生的废物的特点,提出了以处置为中心的废物分类建议,将废物分为豁免废物、极短寿命废物、极低水平废物、低中水平放射性废物和α废物5类;同时研究提出了原子能院全过程废物信息管理要求。 相似文献
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介绍了俄罗斯放射性废物管理体制、法规体系、放射性分类和放射废物管理的现状,分析总结了俄罗斯废物管理经验教训和当前存在的问题,期望能够为我国开展放射性废物治理提供借鉴。 相似文献
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根据我国放射性废物处理处置与管理工作的需求,结合我国当前放射性废物管理的实际情况,研究设计了我国放射性核废物信息管理数据结构,建立了基于计算机网络的桶装放射性废物信息自动跟踪管理系统。该系统可为主管部门和核设施提供有效的实时管理。与此同时,完成了桶装放射性废物非破坏γ分类快速检测装置研制。 相似文献
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结合我国放射性废物管理设施实际情况, 简要梳理和探讨其许可方式。建议独立场址放射性废物管理设施应统一纳入核设施管理范畴并申领核设施安全许可证;核设施配套建设的放射性废物管理设施, 应依据主体核设施的差异实施分类许可管理。 相似文献
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SGS技术在放射性固体废物整备检测中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
介绍了利用分段γ扫描(SGS)技术在放射性固体废物整备无损检测中的应用,根据某核科研基地废物特点建立了放射性固体废物整备处理技术路线。该技术路线利用桶装废物放射性无损检测装置,获取废物γ放射性信息,指导废物分拣及分类整备,从而将极低放废物和豁免废物从中、低放废物中分拣出来,使放射性废物达到最少化。实验结果表明桶装γ放射性废物无损检测装置具有测量性能稳、测量误差小等优点,能满足放射性固体废物检测要求。 相似文献
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Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS) is a new technology suitable for classification of various materials. This paper proposes a hybrid classification scheme for coal, municipal sludge and biomass by using LIBS combined with K-means and support vector machine(SVM)algorithm. In the study, 10 samples were classified in 3 groups without supervision by K-means clustering, then a further supervised classification of 6 kinds of biomass samples by SVM was carried out. The results show that the comprehensive accuracy of the hybrid classification model is over 98%. In comparison with the single SVM classification model, the hybrid classification model can save 58.92% of operation time while guaranteeing the accuracy. The results demonstrate that the hybrid classification model is able to make an efficient, fast and accurate classification of coal, municipal sludge and biomass, furthermore, it is precise for the detection of various kinds of biomass fuel. 相似文献
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层次式级联多网络模型及其性能 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
本文提出了一种层次式级联多网络结构,论述了其训练算法,并验证了该结构的收敛性。这种结构在处理高阶非线性分布数据的分类问题方面具有优良的性能,用北京谱仪事例过滤进行性能测试结果表明,其训练和泛化性能都优于单个BP网络。 相似文献
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利用遥感技术可对岩性进行识别分类。当前,岩性分类的遥感技术方法有很多种,各种方法的识别原理、精度、效果不尽相同。在整理前人研究成果,总结、对比各种分类方法的优劣,对现有研究状况进行梳理的基础上,分析了遥感岩性识别分类的相关概念,剖析其识别机理,从各种识别分类方法原理的差异点入手,将现有的遥感岩性识别主要划分为三大类:基于光谱特征的岩性分类、基于空间特征的岩性分类、基于多源信息复合的岩性分类;并介绍了三大分类所包含的具体方法,解释了各分类的原理、效果,分析了其优缺点;进一步分析了影响遥感岩性识别效果的多种因素,讨论了遥感岩性识别分类的各种方法存在的问题,还从原理、方法、应用领域三个方面对遥感岩性识别分类的未来发展前景进行了展望。可为遥感岩性识别进一步研究提供一定参考。 相似文献
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应急状态分级可以较合理地界定核事故所致各种紧急情况的应急响应需求,从而为执行充分但又不过度的应急处置争取更多的时间。本文通过对能够代表我国目前应急状态分级技术整体水平的秦山第二核电厂1&2号机组的一整套分级矩阵的改进,提出了用于我国核动力水面舰船核事故应急状态诊断的分级矩阵以及基于该分级矩阵开发诊断软件的需求。首先,通过建立约束条件,编制具有较强标准化和逻辑性的分级矩阵,特别是各矩阵及其各组成部分的排序;其次,通过建立多入口逻辑树和用户友好界面,开发具有快速诊断功能的诊断软件,特别是各逻辑树的分层和各界面的构成。 相似文献
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结合核电厂现有核安全、电力生产、风险等已有设备等级,以及考虑工业安全、环境安全、核与辐射安全、法律法规要求、维修经济性等多种因素,针对AP1000机组设计特点,提出以提高设备可靠性为目标的设备可靠性分级原则,并介绍了AP1000核电厂的设备可靠性等级以及设备可靠性分级的分析过程,增加了设备工作频度、工作环境和功能设备组的判定。最后结合实际工程,总结了几个需要注意的问题和具体的应用经验。 相似文献
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《Annals of Nuclear Energy》2005,32(15):1632-1649
A preliminary step in transient classification for diagnostic purposes is the identification of those measured plant parameters (features), which are most sensitive to the faults and malfunctions and thus can be used most effectively for their classification. This is particularly important for nuclear power plants, where hundreds of parameters are monitored for operation and safety reasons so that expert judgment alone cannot effectively drive the feature selection. Moreover, the sensitivity of the particular transient classification technique to the different plant features must be considered for higher classification efficiency.In this paper, a feature selection algorithm is proposed based on the extension to the transient case of a classifiability index which can be directly computed from the plant measured data and used to filter out irrelevant or redundant features. 相似文献
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This paper extends a method previously introduced by the authors for building a transparent fault classification algorithm by combining the fuzzy clustering, fuzzy logic and decision trees techniques. The baseline method transforms an opaque, fuzzy clustering-based classification model into a fuzzy logic inference model based on linguistic rules which can be represented by a decision tree formalism. The classification model thereby obtained is transparent in that it allows direct interpretation and inspection of the model. An extension in the procedure for the development of the fuzzy logic inference model is introduced to allow the treatment of more complicated cases, e.g. splitted and overlapping clusters. The corresponding computational tool developed relies on a number of parameters which can be tuned by the user to optimally compromise the level of transparency of the classification process and its efficiency. A numerical application is presented with regards to the fault classification in the Steam Generator of a Pressurized Water Reactor. 相似文献
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The classification of patterns of measured quantities for diagnostic purposes is an important area of research with practical applications in a variety of fields ranging from industrial to medical. In particular, the classification of faults in nuclear components represents a fundamental task for the operation, control and accident management of nuclear power plants. In this paper, the fault diagnostic problem is tackled within a neuro-fuzzy approach to pattern classification. An important practical issue for the applicability of any diagnostic tool is the transparency of the underlying classification model, to allow for physical interpretation of the relationships between the underlying variables and for direct inspection for validation purposes. In this respect, the proposed neuro-fuzzy approach aims at obtaining not only a high rate of correct classification but also a transparent classification model, i.e., readable and easily interpretable from the physical point of view. For this reason, appropriate coverage and distinguishability constraints on the fuzzy input partitioning interface are introduced. The approach is tested on a diagnostic task concerning faults in the gland seals of the pumps of the primary heat transport system of the CANDU 6 nuclear reactor. 相似文献