Mg-Gd-Y-(Mn, Zr)合金的显微组织和力学性能

采用溶剂保护方法制备了合金Mg-9Gd-4Y-0.65Mn和Mg-9Gd-4Y-0.6Zr,并挤压成棒材。通过光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜和透射电镜等分析研究了这两种合金铸态和变形态的显微组织和力学性能。结果表明:铸态含Mn合金的晶粒粗大,而含Zr合金的晶粒细得多,Zr能有效地细化Mg-RE合金的晶粒;热变形加工使两种合金的晶粒度大大减小,拉伸强度大幅提高,在同等加工条件下,含Mn合金形变细化晶粒作用更显著;两种变形合金都有非常高的室温和300℃高温强度,但含Mn合金的延伸率较高;含Zr变形镁合金适宜通过T5处理,而含Mn变形镁合金适宜通过T6处理提高其综合拉伸力学性能。     

Microstructures and mechanical properties of Mg-10Ho-0.6Zr-xNd alloys

Mg-10Ho-0.6Zr-xNd (x=0, 1, 3 and 5, mass fraction, %) alloys were prepared by metal mould casting, and the microstructures and mechanical properties were investigated. The results show that the grain size of as-cast alloys reduces and the hardness and strength increase with the increase of Nd content. The alloys are aged followed by solid solution treatment. Mg-10Ho-0.6Zr-3Nd and Mg-10Ho-0.6Zr-5Nd alloys exhibit obvious age hardening response. The hardness value of Mg-10Ho-0.6Zr-5Nd alloy increases from HV104 at as-cast state to HV136 at peak-aged state. The maximum ultimate tensile strength and yield strength of the Mg-10Ho-0.6Zr-5Nd alloy are obtained in at peak-aged state, and the values are 323 MPa, 212 MPa at room temperature, and 258 MPa, 176 MPa at 250 ℃, respectively. The improvement of the tensile strength is mainly attributed to the fine and dispersively distributed plate-shaped β′ metastable phase.     

Microstructures and mechanical properties of extruded Mg-1Mn-3.5Y and Mg-1Mn-1Y-2.5Nd alloys

Both Mg-1Mn-3.5Y and Mg-1Mn-1Y-2.5Nd alloys(mass fraction,%)were extruded at 380℃.Most of the(10 10) crystal planes in the Mg-1Mn-3.5Y alloy are parallel to the normal direction,while most of the(10 11)crystal planes in the Mg-1Mn-1Y-2.5Nd alloy are parallel to the normal direction.The tensile tests at room temperature,100℃ and 200℃ show that the Mg-1Mn-3.5Y alloy exhibits higher yield strength,but lower elongation to failure as compared with the Mg-1Mn-1Y-2.5Nd alloy. These differences in the tensile mechanical properties between the two alloys are mainly attributed to their different texture types and amount and distribution of the Mg24Y5 precipitates.The serration flow behavior is observed in the Mg-1Mn-1Y-2.5Nd alloy at 200℃,but does not occur in the Mg-1Mn-3.5Y alloy.The Mg-1Mn-3.5Y alloy shows the cleavage fracture mode,while the Mg-1Mn-1Y-2.5Nd alloy exhibits the dimple fracture mode.     

Microstructures and mechanical properties of the extruded Mg-4Y-2Gd-xZn-0.4Zr alloys

Microstructures and mechanical properties of the Mg-4Y-2Gd-0.4Zr alloy with Zn additions have been investigated. The investigation suggests that the mechanical properties of the alloys have been greatly improved after hot extrusion due to the refinement of microstructures, especially the elongations. The extruded Mg-4Y-2Gd-1.0Zn-0.4Zr alloy displays excellent tensile properties. The ultimate tensile strength and the yield tensile strength are 291 and 228 MPa, respectively, with an elongation of 28%. The additions of Zn have an obvious effect on refining microstructure of the extruded alloys, and the vicker hardness increases with increasing Zn additions. The age hardening responses of the extruded alloys have been investigated at 220 °C. These alloys display unobvious ageing hardness responses.     

Mg-2Nd合金的组织与力学性能

在铸钢坩锅中熔炼制备了Mg-2Nd二元镁合金,试样经不同热处理工艺处理后,测试合金的室温拉伸性能,采用光学显微镜（OM）、扫描电镜（SEM）及透射电镜（TEM）观察合金的显微组织,通过X射线衍射法（XRD）和能谱分析（XEDS）及选区电子衍射花样进行合金中的物相鉴别和微观成分分析。结果表明：Mg-2Nd合金的铸态组织由α-Mg基体和呈离异共晶形貌的Mg12Nd相组成;热挤压后,Mg12Nd相沿挤压方向呈纤维或颗粒状分布;挤压过程中发生动态再结晶,合金的抗拉强度（σb）由铸态的148.8 MPa提高到挤压态的210.2 MPa,伸长率（δ）由铸态的2.8%提高到挤压态的19.9%;热挤压和热轧成形的Mg-2Nd合金,直接时效T5（extruded、rolled）处理能产生形变强化和时效硬化双重作用,其中T5（rolled）态合金σb高达276.4 MPa,δ较热轧态提高了64%;T5（rolled）态组织中出现了β′和β沉淀,尺度均在50 nm左右,对合金产生了明显的时效强化作用。     

Evaluation of microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-xCe-0.5Zn alloys by nano-indentation

The microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-xCe-0.5Zn(x=0.5,1.5,2.5,molar fraction,%) alloys were examined using a nano-indentation technique.The alloys were fabricated using a vacuum induction melting method under an argon atmosphere. The microstructures of Mg-xCe-0.5Zn alloys mainly consist ofα-Mg and eutectic Mg12Ce phase.The volume fraction and size of the eutectic Mg12Ce phase increase with increasing Ce contents.Nano-indentation test results show that the indentation hardness and elastic modulus of the eutectic Mg12Ce phase are higher than those of theα-Mg matrix.In addition,the mean indentation hardness and elastic modulus of the Mg-xCe-0.5Zn alloys increase with the Ce addition amount increasing.     

Effect of Ce-rich rare earth on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-10Zn-5Al-0.1Sb magnesium alloy

To improve the comprehensive mechanical properties of Mg-10Zn-5Al-0.1Sb magnesium alloy,different amount of Ce-rich rare earth(RE)was added to the alloy,and the effect of RE addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-10Zn-5Al-0.1Sb alloy was investigated by means of Brinell hardness measurement, scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive spectroscope(EDS)and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The results show that an appropriate amount of Ce-rich rare earth addition can make the Al4Ce phase particles and CeSb phase disperse more evenly in the alloy.These phases refine the alloy’s matrix and make the secondary phases[?-Mg 32 (Al,Zn)49 phase and?-Al 2 Mg5Zn2 phase]finer and more dispersive,therefore significantly improve the mechanical properties of the Mg-10Zn-5Al-0.1Sb alloy.When the RE addition is 1.0 wt.%,the tensile strengths of the alloy both at room temperature and 150oC reach the maximum values while the impact toughness is slightly lower than that of the matrix alloy.The hardness increases with the increase of RE addition.     

挤压Mg-6xZn-xY合金微观组织与力学性能

定量研究了大挤压比(81:1)条件下Mg-6xZn-xY合金的微观组织和力学性能。结果表明:随着Zn、Y含量的增加,准晶相含量逐渐增加,α-Mg基体平均晶粒尺寸先减小后增大,Mg-6Zn-1Y合金中的α-Mg平均晶粒尺寸最小为2.9μm,且尺寸分布最均匀,其标准差也达到最小,为0.77μm。随着Zn、Y含量的增加,Mg-Zn-Y合金的屈服强度和抗拉强度逐渐增大,延伸率逐渐降低。相比于α-Mg基体晶粒细化,细小准晶相含量的增加对提高Mg-6xZn-xY合金强度的作用更明显。     

高压压铸Mg-4Al-0．4Mn-xPr镁合金的显微组织和力学性能

采用高压压铸方法制备了Mg-4Al-0.4Mn-xPr(x = 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 质量分数,%)系列镁合金,利用X射线衍射仪、场发射环境扫描电子显微镜、显微硬度测试、拉伸和压缩性能测试以及断口分析等手段研究了Pr对高压压铸Mg-4Al基合金微观组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明:高硬度合金铸造表面层与表面层中的高Pr含量和细密的组织有关;随着Pr添加量的增加,Al2Pr和Al11Pr3相在晶界附近形成,且其相对比例随之变化,同时合金组织被明显细化;添加约4%Pr(质量分数)的合金具有最佳的力学性能,良好的力学性能从室温一直保持到200 ℃;合金力学性能的提高主要由于合金致密的铸造表面层、大量第二相聚集晶界带来的晶界强化和细晶强化以及固溶强化所致.     

Mg-0.5Zr-1.8Zn-xGd生物镁合金的组织与性能

在较高的熔炼温度(780±5 ℃)下,研究了Gd含量对铸态Mg-0.5Zr-1.8Zn-xGd生物镁合金组织、力学性能及耐腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明：Gd含量在0-2.5wt%时,合金的晶粒尺寸随Gd含量的增加逐渐减小,未含Gd合金主要由α-Mg和少量分散的微米级Zr颗粒组成,而含Gd合金则主要由α-Mg和不同形貌的(Mg, Zn)₃Gd相组成。合金的力学性能随Gd含量的增加先升高后降低,Gd含量为1.5wt%时,合金具有较好的力学性能。与此同时,合金的耐腐蚀性能也随Gd含量的增加先增强后减弱,Gd含量为1.5wt%时,分布均匀且尺寸细小的网状第二相使其具有较好的耐腐蚀性能,在120 h的浸泡实验中,静态腐蚀速率为0.801±0.04 mm/a,腐蚀形貌较为均匀。     

Microstructures and mechanical properties of cold rolled Mg-8Li and Mg-8Li-2Al-2RE alloys

The microstructures and mechanical properties of Mg-8Li and Mg-8Li-2Al-2RE alloy sheets were evaluated after cold rolling.Both alloys contain α-phase and β-phase which consists of a solid solution of Mg in BCC Li.The proportion ofβ-phase in both alloys is approximately 60%.Theα-phase andβ-phase are elongated approximately parallel to the rolling direction and there is no sign of recrystallization even after being annealed at 200℃for 1 h.The yield strength of Mg-8Li-2Al-2RE sheets is about 165 MPa with elongation of 35%along rolling direction,while the yield strength is about 187 MPa with elongation of 21%along the direction titled 45ü to rolling direction.Theα-phase in both alloys exhibits basal texture,and the intensity of basal texture in Mg-8Li is larger than that in Mg-8Li-2Al-2RE.However,theβ-phase shows(100)texture,and the intensity of(100)texture in Mg-8Li is twice of that in Mg-8Li-2Al-2RE.It could be attributed to the existence of RE-containing particles in Mg-8Li-2Al-2RE.     

Effects of Ho on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-Zn-Ho-Zr magnesium alloys

The microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-Zn-Ho-Zr alloys have been investigated in detail. The grain size of the as-cast Mg-Zn-Ho-Zr alloy was greatly decreased by the addition of Ho, and the grain growth during solution treatment was suppressed by Mg-Zn-Ho phases formed at grain boundaries. These thermally stable Mg-Zn-Ho phases could not completely dissolve into the matrix during solution treatment, and the strengthening effect of solution-plus-ageing treatment weakened. The addition of Ho can greatly enhance the high-temperature elongation of the Mg-Zn-Ho-Zr alloy, but the increase of high-temperature tensile strength was just a little.     

挤压态ZM61-Sn合金的显微组织及高温力学性能

利用金相显微镜(OM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和高温拉伸对挤压态ZM61-xSn(x=2, 4, 8 wt. %)合金的显微组织,高温力学性能和断裂机制进行了研究。结果表明添加Sn 元素可有效细化合金组织且细化效果随Sn 含量的增加而增强。挤压态ZM61-xSn(x=2, 4, 8 wt. %)合金的平均晶粒尺寸分别为11, 8和4 μm。随 Sn 含量的增加,合金的力学性能先升高后降低。 在所有的实验合金中ZM61-4Sn合金的强度最高,当在180 ℃下进行拉伸实验时,其极限抗拉强度和屈服强度分别为216和173 MPa。合金的延伸率随Sn 含量的增加而增加,当拉伸温度为300 ℃时,ZM61-xSn(x=2, 4, 8wt. %)合金的延伸率分别为183.8%, 235.8% 和258.6%。ZM61-4Sn合金具有最好的强度和塑性的结合。试样最后的断裂主要由局部缩颈引起以及试样的主要断裂机制为显微孔洞的聚集。当在260和300 ℃下拉伸时,合金发生了不完全的动态再结晶。     

热处理对Mg-5Zn-0.63Er合金显微组织及力学性能的影响

通过不同的热处理工艺研究含有准晶Ⅰ相的铸态Mg-5Zn-0.63Er(质量分数,％)合金的显微组织演变.结果表明:合金在480℃固溶10 h后,除有W相颗粒析出外,准晶Ⅰ相几乎全部固溶在基体中.固溶态Mg-5Zn-0.63Er合金在175℃下时效6～10h.合金在峰时效态的抗拉强度约为261MPa、伸长率为10.5％.合金拉伸强度的提高归因于杆状MgZn2相的析出.     

钆对Mg-8Li-4Zn-xGd合金铸态组织与力学性能的影响

采用锂盐熔剂保护熔铸Mg-8Li-4Zn-xGd(x=1,3,5)合金铸锭,研究钆含量对铸态合金组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:Mg-8Li-4Zn-xGd合金基体由α-Mg(HCP)和β-Li(BCC)双相构成。随着钆含量的增加,Mg₅Gd共晶相和Zn₁₂Gd化合物相逐渐连成网状,将基体α+β双相隔离成20～40μm的等轴状或类似于铸铁中的共晶团状,可有效细化α-Mg相和连续的β-Li相;组织中大颗粒Mg₂Zn₁₁相弥散分布在β-Li相内,Mg₅₁Zn₂₀相分布在α-Mg晶界处;锌元素还可以在β-Li相中析出细小弥散分布的MgZn相,其数量随钆含量的增加而增加,可直接弥散强化β-Li相。此外,锌和钆对合金硬度的影响较大,随着钆含量的增加,合金的抗拉强度提高,但伸长率降低。     

稀土Y及固溶处理对AM60镁合金组织和力学性能的影响

研究了添加少量稀土Y及固溶处理对AM60合金显微组织和室温力学性能的影响.结果表明：稀土Y的加入能显著提高合金的抗拉强度σb、屈服强度σ0.2、伸长率δ.AM60铸造合金中加入Y后,与Al形成颗粒状的稀土化合物Al2Y,使合金中的γ相Mg17Al12数量减少,合金组织得到细化.固溶处理（T4）后,γ-Mg17Al12相基本溶解,热稳定性较高的稀土化合物相未溶解,使合金的抗拉强度进一步提高.AM60-0.4%Y合金的拉伸试样断口为带有局部韧窝的解理断裂和韧性断裂的混合特征.     

Sm对挤压Mg-6Al-1.0Ca-0.5Mn镁合金微观组织及力学性能的影响

制备了Mg-6Al-1.0Ca-0.5Mn-x Sm(x=0.5,1.5,4.5,质量分数,%)合金,研究了合金的显微组织和力学性能。实验结果表明,随着Sm质量分数的增加,Al_2Sm相主要在晶内析出且体积分数增加,相反Mg_(17)Al_(12)相的体积分数降低;挤压后合金发生动态再结晶,晶粒细化。在室温条件下,含1.5%Sm合金显示了最佳的力学性能,其极限抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别为316 MPa,148 MPa和21.3%。该合金优异的力学性能主要是由于晶粒细化、Al_2Sm颗粒的弥散强化和减少Mg_(17)Al_(12)相的析出。     

Effect of rare earth La_2O_3 on the microstructure and mechanical properties of TiC/W composites

In this study, La2O3 was investigated as an additive to TiC/W composites. The composites were prepared by vacuum hot pressing, and the microstructure and mechanical properties of the composites were investigated. Experimental results show that the grain size of the TiC/W composites is reduced by TiC particles. When 0.5 wt.% La2O3 is added to the composites, the grain size is reduced further. According to TEM analysis, La2O3 can alleviate the aggregation of TiC particles. With La2O3 addition, the relative density of the TiC/W composites can be improved from 95.1% to 96.5%. The hardness and elastic modulus of the TiC/W 0.5 wt.% La2O3 composite are little improved, but the flexural strength and the fracture toughness increase to 796 MPa and 10.07 MPa·m1/2 respectively, which are higher than those of the TiC/W composites.     

Influence of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-10Gd-3Y-1.2Zn-0.4Zr alloy

Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of the cast Mg-10Gd-3Y-1.2Zn-0.4Zr(mass fraction,%) alloy during annealing at 798 K for different time were investigated.In the as-cast state,the microstructure consists ofα-Mg,Mg_5(Gd,Y,Zn) eutectic compounds and stacking faults(SF) of basal plane distributed from grain boundary to inner grain.During heat treatment at 798 K,the SF and parts of eutectic compounds dissolve into the matrix gradually,simultaneously,a new straight lamellar phase with 14H typ...