裂解炭黑在轮胎气密层中的应用

研究裂解炭黑(PCB)在轮胎气密层中的应用。结果表明:与炭黑N660相比,PCB的吸碘值、氮吸附全比表面积、外比表面积、DBP吸收值和CDBP吸收值均较大,但灰分质量分数高达0.203;填充PCB混炼胶的Payne效应更加显著,硫化胶的定伸应力稍高,而拉伸强度和拉断伸长率略低,玻璃化温度升高,高温区损耗因子更低,耐屈挠性能较好,气密性变化不大。     

高值化裂解炭黑在子午线轮胎气密层胶和胎圈护胶中的应用

研究高值化裂解炭黑在子午线轮胎气密层胶和胎圈护胶中的应用。结果表明：高值化裂解炭黑的灰分含量和总硫含量相较于炭黑N330和炭黑N660偏大,压缩DBP吸收值和CTAB吸附比表面积与炭黑N660基本相当,氮吸附比表面积与炭黑N330基本相当;在气密层胶配方中,以高值化裂解炭黑等量替代炭黑N660,对胶料的硫化特性、物理性能、气密性和动态力学性能无不良影响;在胎圈护胶配方中,以高值化裂解炭黑增量替代炭黑N330,如15份高值化裂解炭黑替代10份炭黑N330,胶料的各项性能满足使用要求。     

旧轮胎裂解炭黑/炭黑N660并用在轮胎溴化丁基橡胶气密层胶中应用的研究

研究与60份炭黑N660相比,15份废旧轮胎裂解炭黑（CBp）/45份炭黑N660并用对轮胎溴化丁基橡胶（BIIR）气密层胶性能的影响。结果表明：与炭黑N660相比,CBp的灰分含量和筛余物含量大,DBP吸收值略小;与60份炭黑N660填充的BIIR胶料相比,15份CBp/45份炭黑N660并用填充的BIIR胶料的硫化特性变化不大,拉断伸长率减小,300%定伸应力和拉伸强度增大,耐热空气老化性能无明显变化,气密性相当,即采用15份CBp替代15份炭黑N660的BIIR气密层胶在保证使用性能的前提下,有效降低了生产成本。     

橡胶增强剂Create-E在全钢载重子午线轮胎气密层胶中的应用

研究橡胶增强剂Create-E在全钢载重子午线轮胎溴化丁基橡胶(BIIR)/天然橡胶(NR)气密层胶中的应用。结果表明:橡胶增强剂Create-E等量部分替代炭黑N660,气密层胶的门尼粘度降低,气密性较好;在炭黑用量不变的条件下增添橡胶增强剂Create-E,并减小BIIR用量,气密层胶的气密性略有降低,BIIR/NR/橡胶增强剂Create-E用量比为83/17/17的胶料性价比高。使用橡胶增强剂Create-E有利于降低气密层胶成本。     

补强填料金刚素在橡胶中的应用研究

对补强填料金刚素在橡胶中的应用进行研究,采用金刚素等量替代炭黑N660用于NR和SBR标准配方,胶料的弹性和耐屈挠性能有所改善。采用金刚素部分替代炭黑N375用于胎侧胶和部分替代炭黑N660用于气密层胶,研究表明在轮胎胎侧胶中替代10份以内的高耐磨炭黑,或在轮胎气密层胶中增量替代30份以内的通用炭黑是可行的。     

高岭土在橡胶中的应用性能研究

研究高岭土与炭黑N660、沉淀法白炭黑对天然橡胶(NR)补强性能的差异,并考察高岭土部分替代炭黑N660在子午线轮胎气密层胶中的应用。结果表明,高岭土对NR的补强作用优于未加偶联剂的沉淀法白炭黑,接近炭黑N660,其中改性高岭土对NR的补强效果优于普通高岭土;采用少量高岭土尤其是改性高岭土等量部分替代炭黑N660,气密层胶料拉伸强度提高,加工性能和其他物理性能变化不大。在橡胶配方中用高岭土部分替代炭黑具有可行性,可降低原材料成本,同时节能降耗。     

新型纳米再生炭黑EN660在商用车轮胎中的应用

研究新型纳米再生炭黑EN660（简称再生炭黑EN660）在商用车轮胎气密层胶中的应用。结果表明：再生炭黑EN660的理化性能符合企业标准要求;在气密层胶中以再生炭黑EN660等量部分替代炭黑N660,胶料的硫化特性、加工性能以及硫化胶的物理性能和气密性变化不大,胶料的生产工艺性能良好,成品轮胎的耐久性能满足国家标准要求,同时可降低生产成本。     

炭黑N990的性能及在子午线轮胎气密封层胶中的应用

介绍炭黑N990的性能及其部分增量替代炭黑N660在子午线轮胎气密层胶中的应用。炭黑N990结构较低，可赋予胶料生热低、滞后损失小、填充量大和气密性好的特点，用其部分增量替代子午线轮胎气密层胶中的炭黑N660并减小胶层厚度，可降低气密层胶的成本。     

一种轿车轮胎气密层胶

正由山东永泰化工有限公司申请的专利(公开号CN 103483628A,公开日期2014-01-01)"一种轿车轮胎气密层胶",涉及的轿车轮胎气密层胶配方组成为橡胶、炭黑N660、硬脂酸、轻质碳酸钙、扁平陶土、增粘树脂、均匀剂40MSF、氧化镁、氧化锌、防老剂4020、不溶性硫黄和促进剂。     

裂解炭黑在半钢子午胎气密层配方中的应用

本文旨在研究裂解炭黑在半钢子午线轮胎气密层配方中的应用。结果表明,在气密层配方中,代替10份N660炭黑,硬度、老化前后拉伸强度、屈挠、气密性与原有配方基本一致,满足气密层配方要求;随着裂解炭黑份数的增加,胶料硬度、拉伸强度等均大幅下降,不能代替原有配方。另外,使用裂解炭黑代替N660炭黑可降低胶料成本。     

Synergistic Interactions of Cannabidiol with Chemotherapeutic Drugs in MCF7 Cells: Mode of Interaction and Proteomics Analysis of Mechanisms

Cannabidiol (CBD), a nonpsychoactive phytocannabinoid, has recently emerged as a potential cytotoxic agent in addition to its ameliorative activity in chemotherapy-associated side effects. In this work, the potential interactions of CBD with docetaxel (DOC), doxorubicin (DOX), paclitaxel (PTX), vinorelbine (VIN), and 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN−38) were explored in MCF7 breast adenocarcinoma cells using different synergy quantification models. The apoptotic profiles of MCF7 cells after the treatments were assessed via flow cytometry. The molecular mechanisms of CBD and the most promising combinations were investigated via label-free quantification proteomics. A strong synergy was observed across all synergy models at different molar ratios of CBD in combination with SN−38 and VIN. Intriguingly, synergy was observed for CBD with all chemotherapeutic drugs at a molar ratio of 636:1 in almost all synergy models. However, discording synergy trends warranted the validation of the selected combinations against different models. Enhanced apoptosis was observed for all synergistic CBD combinations compared to monotherapies or negative controls. A shotgun proteomics study highlighted 121 dysregulated proteins in CBD-treated MCF7 cells compared to the negative controls. We reported the inhibition of topoisomerase II β and α, cullin 1, V-type proton ATPase, and CDK-6 in CBD-treated MCF7 cells for the first time as additional cytotoxic mechanisms of CBD, alongside sabotaged energy production and reduced mitochondrial translation. We observed 91 significantly dysregulated proteins in MCF7 cells treated with the synergistic combination of CBD with SN−38 (CSN−38), compared to the monotherapies. Regulation of telomerase, cell cycle, topoisomerase I, EGFR1, protein metabolism, TP53 regulation of DNA repair, death receptor signalling, and RHO GTPase signalling pathways contributed to the proteome-wide synergistic molecular mechanisms of CSN−38. In conclusion, we identified significant synergistic interactions between CBD and the five important chemotherapeutic drugs and the key molecular pathways of CBD and its synergistic combination with SN−38 in MCF7 cells. Further in vivo and clinical studies are warranted to evaluate the implementation of CBD-based synergistic adjuvant therapies for breast cancer.     

关于科研开发效率的思考

作者从认识论和方法论的角度出发，对提高科研开发效率提出如下看法：１．当代的经济竞争，实质是科技产业化能力的竞争。２．研究开发应是从投入到产出的完整系统。３．产业部门的研究开发要面向市场。４．只有充分利用专利保护，才能在国际竞争中赢得主动。５．要保持竞争优势，须把信息工作提到新水平。     

Interphases in the Adhesive Bonding of Fluoropolymers

Strong and durable adhesive bonds may be made between polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and either cyanoacrylate (CA) or epoxy adhesives, if the PTFE surface is modified by the use of a “primer” such as triphenylphosphine (TPP) or diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM). The primer mixes with the PTFE surface, and the modified surface is then capable of forming an interphase, tens to hundreds of nanometers thick, where interpenetration of the adhesive and adherend occurs. Using CA adhesives, PTFE/CA/PTFE block compression shear bond strength (ASTM D4501-85) of over 10 MPa can be achieved, with failure occurring cohesively. Initial work with epoxy adhesives indicates that the use of DDM primer gives adhesive bonds comparable in strength with those produced by modification of the fluoropolymer surface by sodium naphthalenide.     

辉光放电电解降解水体中阳离子桃红FG的机理

用辉光放电电解（GDE）技术对模拟染料废水阳离子桃红FG的降解过程进行了研究。通过发射光谱法测定了GDE产生的活性粒子,用紫外光谱和总有机碳（TOC）分析仪研究了不同放电时间下的脱色率和去除率,用电导率仪和酸度计测定了降解过程中溶液的电导率和pH的变化,同时用离子色谱对降解中间产物进行了分析。结合各种分析结果,探讨了GDE降解阳离子桃红FG的机理。结果表明,在最佳电压600 V时,溶液中产生HO·、O·、H·等高活性粒子;放电120 min时,200 ml 20 mg/L阳离子桃红FG的脱色率和TOC去除率分别可达99.0%和72.6%;降解液pH先减小后增大,电导率存在先增大后减小的趋势;离子色谱测试表明,降解过程中产生多种有机小分子酸。羟基自由基（HO·）对阳离子桃红FG的降解起关键作用,GDE降解阳离子桃红FG的机理为：HO·作用下助色基团键断裂,产生酚类等中间产物,然后继续被降解为醌和小分子有机酸,最终矿化为Cl^-、NO₃^-、CO₂和H₂O。     

小胶质细胞对阿尔兹海默病发生发展的影响作用

阿尔兹海默病(老年性痴呆,AD)是由β淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)和微管相关蛋白(Tau)聚集形成的具有毒性作用的寡聚物而引起的老年人主要以记忆力下降和脑部形成老年斑、神经纤维缠绕为特征的神经退行性疾病. 小胶质细胞作为中枢神经系统中的固有免疫细胞,是脑内免疫监视的关键成分,发挥内源性免疫防御作用. 正常生理状态的小胶质细胞能有效吞噬和清除毒性Aβ寡聚体,阻止AD发生. 在AD病理过程中,过度激活的小胶质细胞通过补体依赖途径过度吞噬突触,导致突触丧失,同时大量释放炎症因子,促进Tau相关病理变化,对神经元造成直接损伤,导致认知功能下降. 由此可见,小胶质细胞在AD发生发展过程中起着双刃剑的作用,探明小胶质细胞的极化状态及其在AD疾病机理中的作用将为攻克AD的药物研发提供突破性思路.     

玉米肽-麦芽糊精糖基化产物与α-生育酚共组装纳米粒子的制备及其性质

通过美拉德反应制备玉米肽-麦芽糊精糖基化产物,再通过反溶剂法制备糖基化产物与α-生育酚共组装纳米粒子,系统地研究了制备参数对于复合粒子的影响。结果表明,糖基化产物浓度、玉米肽与α-生育酚质量比、pH对于复合粒子的粒度与ζ电位有重要的影响。采用动态光散射、ζ电位观察发现,通过调节制备参数,荷载α-生育酚的玉米肽-麦芽糊精糖基化产物可以形成平均粒度为80～100 nm的纳米粒子,其表面电荷分布在-23～-32 mV之间。与玉米肽、玉米肽/麦芽糊精混合物相比,玉米肽-麦芽糊精糖基化产物对于α-生育酚具有更高的荷载效率以及更好的pH稳定性。     

Participation of Amyloid and Tau Protein in Post-Ischemic Neurodegeneration of the Hippocampus of a Nature Identical to Alzheimer’s Disease

Recent evidence suggests that amyloid and tau protein are of vital importance in post-ischemic death of CA1 pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus. In this review, we summarize protein alterations associated with Alzheimer’s disease and their gene expression (amyloid protein precursor and tau protein) after cerebral ischemia, as well as their roles in post-ischemic hippocampus neurodegeneration. In recent years, multiple studies aimed to elucidate the post-ischemic processes in the development of hippocampus neurodegeneration. Their findings have revealed the dysregulation of genes for amyloid protein precursor, β-secretase, presenilin 1 and 2, tau protein, autophagy, mitophagy, and apoptosis identical in nature to Alzheimer’s disease. Herein, we present the latest data showing that amyloid and tau protein associated with Alzheimer’s disease and their genes play a key role in post-ischemic neurodegeneration of the hippocampus with subsequent development of dementia. Therefore, understanding the underlying process for the development of post-ischemic CA1 area neurodegeneration in the hippocampus in conjunction with Alzheimer’s disease-related proteins and genes will provide the most important therapeutic development goals to date.     

表面张力对自由落体液滴形变的影响

液滴运动过程中的形状变化对液滴的蒸发、燃烧等过程有重要影响,表面张力是影响其形状变化的因素之一。为研究表面张力对液滴形变的影响规律,采用低浓度的表面活性剂(十二烷基苯磺酸钠SDBS)配制表面张力为30~72mN·m^-1的水溶液。利用不同外径的针管得到3~5mm粒径的液滴。高速摄像机(PhantomV211,1000pps,800×600pixel)对这些液滴在自由落体过程中的形变规律进行了可视化实验研究,得到了关于Eötvös数(Eo)的半经验关系式。实验结果表明,液滴在自由落体过程中会形成周期性振动形变,振动周期和振幅随表面张力增大而减小。进一步研究发现,初始时液滴形成并断裂所引起的瞬态冲量使液滴内部动量传递进而表现出周期性振动形变。     

Gender-Dependent Deregulation of Linear and Circular RNA Variants of HOMER1 in the Entorhinal Cortex of Alzheimer’s Disease

The HOMER1 gene is involved in synaptic plasticity, learning and memory. Recent studies show that circular RNA derived from HOMER1 (circHOMER1) expression is altered in some Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brain regions. In addition, HOMER1 messenger (mRNA) levels have been associated with β-Amyloid (Aβ) deposits in brain cortical regions. Our aim was to measure the expression levels of HOMER1 circRNAs and their linear forms in the human AD entorhinal cortex. First, we showed downregulation of HOMER1B/C and HOMER1A mRNA and hsa_circ_0006916 and hsa_circ_0073127 levels in AD female cases compared to controls by RT-qPCR. A positive correlation was observed between HOMER1B/C, HOMER1A mRNA, and hsa_circ_0073128 with HOMER1B/C protein only in females. Global average area of Aβ deposits in entorhinal cortex samples was negatively correlated with HOMER1B/C, HOMER1A mRNA, and hsa_circ_0073127 in both genders. Furthermore, no differences in DNA methylation were found in two regions of HOMER1 promoter between AD cases and controls. To sum up, we demonstrate that linear and circular RNA variants of HOMER1 are downregulated in the entorhinal cortex of female patients with AD. These results add to the notion that HOMER1 and its circular forms could be playing a female-specific role in the pathogenesis of AD.