基于DCT域视觉显著性检测的图像缩放算法*

为适应不同终端显示多样化的要求,需对接收到的图像进行缩放调整。针对现有的基于内容感知(content-aware)的图像缩放方法中视觉内容的连贯性易被破环而出现失真的问题,提出了一个基于离散余弦变换(discrete cosine transform, DCT)域的视觉显著性检测的图像缩放算法。该算法利用DCT域的视觉显著性检测模型获取视觉显著图,然后结合视觉显著图和能量分布图进行线裁剪(Seam Carving),实现了图像的缩放。实验结果表明,该算法与现有的基于内容感知的图像缩放方法相比,不仅保护了视觉显著内容,还保证了图像内容的连贯性,算法质量指数也获得明显的提高。     

基于缝裁剪和变形的图像缩放方法

提出一种既能保持图像重要内容又能较好地保持重要物体形状的图像缩放算法。该方法结合传统的缝裁剪技术和变形技术来对图像进行缩放。首先利用当前公认效果良好的基于图模型的流形排序显著性检测算法得到图像的显著度图,结合图像梯度能量等信息来构造结构更为清晰的图像重要度图;其次利用之前构造的图像重要度图并按缩放尺度的大小来确定适当的缩放方法;最后根据度量比较结果来选择经典缝裁剪方法或基于能量优化的变形方法进行图像缩放。对比实验结果表明,该方法在图像缩放时能保持重要内容和显著物体形状结构。     

基于秘密共享的感知鲁棒图像Hash算法

数字图像在经过保持图像主要内容不变的操作后虽数字表示会发生变化,但其视觉感知效果不变,对应的图像Hash值也应不变,传统密码学中的Hash函数因其对数据每个比特变化的敏感性而不适合直接应用于图像Hash的计算.针对这一问题,提出一种有效的感知鲁棒图像Hash算法,并可应用于图像检索和图像认证等领域.首先通过图像缩放和基于整体变分的非线性滤波等操作对输入图像进行正则化预处理;接着在DCT域提取图像分块与其邻域的低频系数符号关系特征矩阵,该特征可反映图像局部视觉内容的分布特性;最后利用秘密共享机制对提取出的特征矩阵进行压缩得到依赖于密钥的二进制序列,置乱后即作为最终的图像Hash值.实验结果表明,该算法对常见保持图像内容不变的操作,如JPEG压缩、高斯低通滤波及图像缩放等具有较好的感知鲁棒性,同时对于视觉显著不同的图像具有极低的冲突概率.     

基于视频感知哈希的视频篡改检测与多粒度定位

为了对被篡改过的视频进行准确快速的篡改检测与定位,引入人类视觉可计算模型,提出一种多层次、多粒度的视频篡改快速检测与定位算法.采用随机分块采样技术,提取视频结构感知特征及视频图像时域感知特征,利用哈希理论的单向摘要特性量化感知特征,获取视频摘要哈希.通过应用相似度矩阵进行多粒度、多层次篡改部位检测与定位.实验结果表明,相似度拟合图能够体现视频篡改攻击强度和攻击部位,算法表现出更好的篡改检测准确率与定位精确度.     

结合美学原则的内容感知图像缩放算法

针对目前内容感知的图像缩放算法存在美学效果考虑不足的问题,提出一种结合美学原则的缩放算法。算法首先采用图像协同分割的思想并结合视觉显著性检测获取图像的重要度图,以此作为图像重要内容的依据,在后续处理中防止其变形;其次针对移动终端常见的两类图像分别选择相适应的美学原则并建立其量化公式;借鉴经典的Seam Carving算法思想,利用美学构图原则和重要度图来指导裁剪线的复制与删除,达到图像缩放的效果。实验结果表明,与同类算法相比,该算法的缩放结果在保留原图重要信息的条件下,更具美感。     

基于重采样痕迹的图像伪造检测

检测重采样痕迹是数字取证中判断图像是否被篡改的有效途径之一。针对现有重采样检测方法大多只考虑单次重采样情况,对再次经历重采样的伪造图像不能有效区分定位篡改区域这一问题,提出一种基于重采样痕迹的图像伪造检测算法。首先定义出能够描述并区分不同重采样痕迹的两个特征量,将待测图像重叠分块,计算每块的特征量,然后利用特征量的不一致性检测定位篡改区域。实验结果表明,该方法能够区分旋转与缩放的操作历史痕迹,进行篡改伪造图像的自动判断与篡改区域定位;并且当伪造图像再次经历重采样操作后,仍能区分出图像中的不同插值区域,即对再次重采样操作具有一定的鲁棒性。     

基于再采样的图像重采样伪作检测

重采样是图像篡改中的一种典型操作,针对现有重采样伪作检测算法对于JPEG压缩格式的图像检测效果不理想,也无法准确估计其中的缩放因子的问题,提出了基于再采样的图像重采样检测算法。该算法先将待检验的JPEG图像以缩放因子小于1进行再次重采样,以削弱JPEG压缩对算法的影响,再利用重采样信号二阶导数具有的周期性来进行重采样操作检测。实验结果表明,该算法具有很强的抗JPEG压缩能力,同时能够准确估计真实的缩放因子。另外,该算法对于经过不同缩放因子而得到的图像进行合成时的重采样操作,也有明显的检测效果。     

基于再采样的图像重采样伪作检测

重采样是图像篡改中的一种典型操作,针对现有重采样伪作检测算法对于JPEG压缩格式的图像检测效果不理想,也无法准确估计其中的缩放因子的问题,提出了基于再采样的图像重采样检测算法。该算法先将待检验的JPEG图像以缩放因子小于1进行再次重采样,以削弱JPEG压缩对算法的影响,再利用重采样信号二阶导数具有的周期性来进行重采样操作检测。实验结果表明,该算法具有很强的抗JPEG压缩能力,同时能够准确估计真实的缩放因子。另外,该算法对于经过不同缩放因子而得到的图像进行合成时的重采样操作,也有明显的检测效果。     

基于FMT的快速Copy-Move篡改检测

为了对图像篡改中常用的复制-移动伪造进行检测,基于傅里叶-梅林变换的平移、旋转和缩放的不变性提出一种快速图像区域分割和匹配的高效篡改检测算法.不同于以往模板匹配方式中按照单像素点移动得到重叠块划分方法,该算法采用相邻图像块的图像区域分割方式来减少整个图像块的数量.通过相似性匹配检测,得到初步的复制图像区域,然后利用边缘处理的方法处理改善篡改区域,从而达到改进篡改检测算法的效率和准确性.最后通过实验验证了该算法的有效性.     

基于重采样检测的JPEG图像拼接篡改取证

数字图像在进行拼接篡改时,为了不留下视觉上的明显篡改痕迹,往往会对篡改的区域进行缩放、旋转等重采样操作。针对这一现象,本文提出一种新的基于重采样检测的JPEG图像拼接篡改取证算法,该算法通过对JPEG图像局部区域二阶导数进行Radon变换,并求其自协方差后进行快速傅里叶变换,在频域中消除JPEG压缩的影响,最后判断该局部区域是否经过重采样操作,以作为判断被检测的JPEG图像是否经过拼接篡改的证据。实验结果表明,本文算法对于经过包括缩放和旋转等重采样操作后拼接成的JPEG图像有较好的篡改取证效果。     

Real-time content-aware image resizing

Content-aware image resizing is a kind of new and effective approach for image resizing, which preserves image content well and does not cause obvious distortion when changing the aspect ratio of images. Recently, a seam based approach for content-aware image resizing was proposed by Avidan and Shamir. Their results are impressive, but because the method uses dynamic programming many times, it is slow. In this paper, we present a more efficient algorithm for seam based content-aware image resizing, which searches seams through establishing the matching relation between adjacent rows or columns. We give a linear algorithm to find the optimal matches within a weighted bipartite graph composed of the pixels in adjacent rows or columns. Therefore, our method is fast (e.g. our method needs only about 100 ms to reduce a 768 × 1024 image’s width to 1/3 while Avidan and Shamir’s method needs 12 s). This supports immediate image resizing whereas Avidan and Shamir’s method requires a more costly pre-processing step to enable subsequent real-time processing. A fast method such as the one proposed will be also needed for future real-time video resizing applications.     

内容感知图像缩放技术综述

随着不同分辨率和纵横比的显示设备的迅猛增长,内容感知图像缩放技术逐渐成为图像处理领域新的研究热点之一。内容感知图像缩放的目标是在任意改变图像大小时保持图像中的主体特征不变。围绕其关键步骤:图像重要度识别和基于重要度的缩放,先概述重要度识别的相关方法,然后重点综述基于重要度的缩放技术。根据缩放是在像素级上操作还是亚像素级上操作,或者两者兼有,将其分为基于线裁剪缩放、基于图像变形缩放和多操作缩放3类,并比较各类方法的优缺点,同时给出各类方法所适合处理的图像类型。最后在分析各类研究方法的基础上,给出了内容感知缩放技术的可能发展方向。     

Optimal multiple-seams search for image resizing with smoothness and shape prior

Content-aware image resizing is of increasing relevance to allow high-quality image and video to be displayed on devices with different resolution. We present a novel method to find multiple seams simultaneously with global optimality for image resizing, incorporating both region smoothness and seam shape prior using a 3-D graph-theoretic approach. The globally optimal seams can be simultaneously achieved by solving a maximum flow problem based on an arc-weighted graph representation. Representing the resizing problem in an arc-weighted graph, we can incorporate a wide spectrum of constraints into the formulation, thus improving resizing results. By removing or inserting those multiple seams, the goal of content-aware image resizing is achieved. Due to simultaneous detection of multiple seams, our algorithm exhibits several good features: the ability to handle both crossing and non-crossing-seam cases, the ability to incorporate various feasible geometry constraints, and the ability to incorporate the seams importance, region smoothness and shape prior information. The proposed method was implemented and experimented on a variety of image data and compared with the state of the art in image resizing.     

Nonhomogeneous scaling optimization for realtime image resizing

We present a novel approach for interactive content-aware image resizing. The resizing is performed on warping a triangular mesh over the image, which captures the image saliency information as well as the underlying image features. The warped triangular mesh and the horizontal and vertical scales of all triangles are simultaneously obtained by a quadratic optimization which can be achieved by solving a sparse linear system. Our approach can preserve the shapes of curved features in the resized images. The resizing operation can be performed in an interactive rate which makes the proposed approach practically useful for realtime image resizing. To guarantee a foldover free resizing result, we modify the optimization to a standard quadratic programming. A number of experimental results have shown that our approach has obtained pleasing results and outperforms the previous approaches.     

Multi-operator image retargeting with automatic integration of direct and indirect seam carving

Multi-operator image resizing can preserve important objects and structure in an image by combining multiple image resizing operators. However, traditional multi-operator methods do not take both horizontal and vertical content-aware resizing potential into consideration, which essentially leads to squeeze/stretch effect in the resultant images. In this paper, we propose a new multi-operator scheme that addresses aforementioned issue by integrating direct and indirect seam carving. Compared with previous methods, the proposed scheme remarkably reduces the cost of deciding when to change operators, by employing a newly defined image artifact measure. Furthermore, we propose a novel seam carving enhancement, named ACcumulated Energy Seam Carving (ACESC), as a basic operator to improve global structure preservation. By combining horizontal and vertical seam carving, our scheme preserves the shapes of important objects well. We present typical results to demonstrate the effectiveness of our method. User study shows that our method has high user preference.     

An effective edge-preserving smoothing method for image manipulation

This paper presents a novel and effective edge-preserving image smoothing method for edge-aware image manipulation. The method formulates the smoothing as a problem of minimizing a convex object function with a constraint and an efficient solution to the optimization problem is presented. Specifically, the method provides an unified framework to regularize the edge and texture pixels in the optimization so that geometric edges representing image structures can be well retained and fine edges of texture regions are removed or suppressed. Both qualitative and quantitative experimental results on natural images and computer-generated structured images have shown the efficacy of the proposed method. In addition, the proposed method can improve the performance of many image processing and manipulation tasks including edge extraction and simplification, non-photorealistic rendering, detail and contrast exaggeration, HDR tone mapping, block-based discrete cosine transform (BDCT) artifact removal and content-aware image resizing, as demonstrated through the experiments.     

基于边缘检测的保特征的图像缩放算法

针对Seam Carving算法在实现图像缩放的过程中,对图像边缘几何特征造成破坏的现象,提出一种基于边缘检测的改进Seam Carving算法。首先在Seam Carving算法计算低能量线的同时引入图像边缘检测,其次确定低能量线与边缘的交点,进而提升交点邻域的能量,分散过于集中的低能量线。仿真实验结果表明,该算法能够有效减少Seam Carving算法缩放图像后产生的畸变,很好地保持了图像的重要几何特征。