基于信号可信度的压缩感知协作频谱检测算法

压缩感知为认知无线电的宽频谱感知提供了一种新的方法和思路。基于压缩感知的原理,提出了一种多认知用户协作场景下,基于信号可信度的协作频谱检测算法。该算法根据不同认知用户接收信号的优劣判定用户感知结果的可信度,并利用正交匹配协作追踪算法获得认知区域内的频谱占用情况。仿真结果表明,该算法在不同信噪比范围下其检测性能均优于传统算法,以较小的复杂度代价改善了检测性能。     

基于动态阈值的可信度加权协作频谱感知

为了提升受阴影衰落等因素影响下的协作频谱感知性能, 采取了一种改进的基于动态阈值和可信度相结合的协作频谱感知方法。该方法利用各认知用户的检测信噪比对检测可信度较低的认知用户进行过滤, 各认知用户根据检测信噪比设定一个适合自身的动态阈值进行能量感知, 融合中心结合各单节点感知结果和分配的传输可信度作出最终判决。仿真结果表明, 在检测信道和传输信道均受到阴影衰落等因素严重影响下, 与单纯的动态阈值协作感知和传统的可信任度协作感知方法相比, 该方法能获得较高的检测概率。     

基于噪声不确定性的双门限协作频谱感知算法

传统的双门限协作频谱感知算法忽略了两门限之间认知用户的本地感知信息,而利用这部分信息可以进一步提高认知无线电系统的感知性能。为此,在等增益合并的基础上,提出一种顺序自适应分步合并算法。两门限之间的认知用户根据接收信噪比分步上传本地感知信息,融合中心自适应地调整参与协作的认知用户数,以减小系统的上传数据开销。推导在Rayleigh衰落信道条件下,认知用户上传数据的平均比特数以及全局检测概率的闭式表达式。理论分析和仿真结果表明,该算法能以较小的数据开销获得较优的协作感知性能。     

基于BP神经网络的协作频谱感知技术

认知无线电技术可以利用主用户未使用的频谱资源来有效地提高频谱利用率。单用户感知技术虽然简单但可靠性较低,协作频谱感知技术可以显著地提高频谱感知的性能。现有的大部分协作感知都是在假设各认知用户的信噪比相同的前提下进行研究。然而在实际环境中,由于每个认知用户所处的环境不同,其信噪比不同,对融合中心判决的影响也不同。如何在提升检测性能的同时提升系统的能量效率是关键问题。提出一种基于BP(Back Propagation)神经网络的协作频谱感知技术,它利用频谱环境的历史信息,通过BP神经网络提高频谱感知性能。仿真结果表明,该算法可以在保证协作感知性能的同时减少参与协作的认知用户数,从而减少能量消耗。     

基于Agent的协作频谱感知算法

为了提高认知无线电频谱感知技术的性能, 提出一种新的基于Agent的协作频谱感知算法。该算法在本地检测中使用多门限能量检测,同时将认知节点估计的信噪比的值发送到Agent控制中心,在控制中心根据每一个认知节点发送的信噪比的值和该节点与发射机的距离进行权衡,选取可靠性和有效性较高的认知节点参与判决融合。仿真结果表明,该算法能够很好地提高认知无线电网络的协作频谱感知能力,同时在一定程度上减少了原有协作感知算法中参与感知节点的数目。     

基于信任度加权的合作频谱感知算法

为进一步提高认知无线电频谱感知性能,提出一种基于信任度加权的软合并感知算法TWCS(trustweighted cooperation sensing)。该算法首先定义一个模糊型指数信任度函数,对两认知用户间的信任程度进行量化处理,并通过信任度矩阵度量各认知用户测得数据的综合信任程度,以合理分配测得数据在融合过程中所占权重。仿真结果表明,与最大比合并和信噪比加权合并等算法相比,TWCS算法不仅具有更强的可靠性,而且使系统整体感知性能得到了较大提高。     

基于权值自适应优化的协作频谱认知算法

提出一种基于权值自适应优化的协作频谱认知算法。根据各协作认知节点的信噪比分配合适的权值向量,反映对检测统计量的贡献大小。基于最小均方误差原则,权值向量可根据实际的各节点信噪比向量进行自适应优化,从而提高认知网络中存在低信噪比节点时的检测性能。仿真结果表明,与传统协作算法相比,该算法无论在节点高信噪比或低信噪比条件下均有更优的检测性能,且收敛速度较快。     

认知无线电网络中基于信任度的频谱感知技术

提出了一种在认知无线网络控制信道带宽受限条件下基于信任度的双门限协同频谱感知算法。首先每个认知用户基于双检测门限独立进行频谱感知,但只有部分可靠的认知用户通过控制信道向认知无线网络基站发送本地感知结果。当所有的用户都不可靠时,选取信任度最高的认知用户发送本地感知结果进行判决。理论分析和仿真表明,同常规能量检测算法相比较,该算法能够在控制信道带宽受限条件下,以较少的网络开销获得更好的频谱感知性能。     

认知无线电网络多用户智能协作频谱感知算法

认知无线电网络中,单用户频谱感知容易受到阴影效应、多径衰落及隐蔽终端等不利因素的影响,造成感知结果的误判.为了提高系统的检测性能,并减少感知花销,提出了多用户智能协作频谱感知算法.各个认知用户根据估计信噪比自适应选择不同的感知策略,当估计信噪比高于选择阈值时采用双门限能量感知,低于选择阈值时则采用循环平稳特征检测,并在同一个感知周期内只进行一种较优的感知策略,从而在不明显增加计算复杂度的情况下,克服了能量感知在低信噪比条件下鲁棒性差的缺点,实现了智能检测.仿真结果表明,智能协作频谱感知有效提高了系统检测概率,缩短了平均感知时间,有较好的鲁棒性.     

基于多融合准则的双门限协作频谱感知算法

认知无线网络中,现有协作频谱感知技术未考虑根据感知用户的可靠性程度,对其判决结果采用不同的融合策略。针对上述问题,提出了一种新的基于多融合准则的双门限协作频谱感知算法。该算法以双门限协作检测为基础,根据感知用户判决结果的可靠程度不同,采用AND准则和OR准则相结合的判决方法,对参与感知的用户判决结果进行分类融合。理论分析和仿真结果表明,该算法与协作频谱感知算法相比,能够显著改善认知无线网络的频谱感知性能。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.