基于视频的矿井行人越界检测系统

针对目前矿井行人监测方法存在检测准确度不理想、报备信息少的问题,设计了基于视频的矿井行人越界检测系统。该系统以混合高斯背景建模为基础,利用行人越界检测算法识别出视频流中运动的行人目标,并在识别目标的基础上,通过状态缓冲处理计算出越界趋势,判断出越界方向。实际运行结果表明,该系统能够进行主动安全监测,有效克服灯光闪烁等干扰,可快速识别行人位置及跨越方向,稳定性好,准确度较高;在D1分辨率、25帧/s的高清监控下可实现在线实时处理。     

远程雷达与目标仿真的相对方位计算方法

在雷达探测飞行器目标的仿真过程中,需要计算目标被电磁波照射的方位,并且判断目标是否在雷达的探测范围内,还要根据距离计算检测概率,故需要求出雷达和目标的相对方位以及两者的距离.建立地球坐标系,计算雷达和目标的位置、姿态在这个坐标系下的分量表示.再根据这些分量求出距离.计算相对方位时,先计算目标在雷达坐标系下的分量表示和雷达在目标坐标系下的分量表示.再根据这些分量来计算相对方位角和仰角.     

改进的红外图像行人检测和交叠率算法

行人越界入侵报警是十分普遍的应用场景,尤其是在安保领域.本文设计了一种改进的红外图像行人检测和交叠率算法,两者结合可以实现对行人的越界报警.本方法主要由三部分组成:红外图像行人检测算法、目标分类算法、交叠率算法与报警逻辑.红外图像是为了尽量克服环境影响,并且在夜间也具有良好的显示与图像采集功能;行人检测是通过YOLOv3算法和基于方向梯度直方图(HOG)特征的多层感知器(MLP)二分类来实现;报警算法与逻辑是计算目标的候选框与报警区域的交叠率,再进行逻辑判断.实验表明,本方法准确性高,报警准确率可达91%,有良好的应用价值.     

基于污点分析的数组越界缺陷的静态检测方法

随着移动计算、物联网、云计算、人工智能等领域的飞速发展,也涌现出了很多新的编程语言和编译器,但是C/C++语言依旧是最受欢迎的编程语言之一,而数组是C语言最重要的数据结构之一.当在程序中通过数组下标访问数组元素时,必须确保该下标在该数组的边界之内,否则就会导致数组越界.程序中的数组越界缺陷会使得程序在运行时导致系统崩溃,甚至使攻击者可以截取控制流以执行任意恶意代码.当前针对数组越界的静态检查方法无法达到高精度的分析,尤其是无法处理复杂约束和表达式,过多的误报额外增加了开发者的负担.因此,提出了一种基于污点分析的数组越界的静态检测方法.首先,提出流敏感、上下文敏感的按需指针分析方法,实现数组长度区间分析.然后,提出按需污点分析方法,实现数组下标和数组长度污染情况的计算.最后,定义数组越界缺陷判定规则,提出使用后向数据流分析方法,检测数组下标是否越界.在进行数组越界检测的过程中,为了处理程序中的复杂约束和表达式,在分析过程中将调用约束求解器来判断约束的可满足性.如果没有发现相应的语句,则报告数组越界缺陷警报.同时,实现了自动静态分析工具Carraybound,并通过实验展示了方法的有效性.     

多目标优化下智能飞行器三维航迹快速规划

针对智能飞行器在复杂的飞行环境下不能精确定位校正而无法到达目的 地的问题,提出了一种飞行器定位误差校正策略和飞行器转弯控制策略.当校正点集合存在问题校正点时,在保证成功到达概率的前提下,尽可能减少校正次数和路程,提出了一种概率参数优化策略,通过采用蒙特卡罗算法和NSGA2遗传算法来计算真实概率和航迹路线;为满足实际应用,建立了以飞行器航迹最短和校正次数最少的多目标优化的数学模型,并设计了一种圆环形包络面的数据预处理算法以提高模型的求解效率,最后进行了仿真计算和代码优化,仿真结果表明,提出的策略和算法能够有效地给出更为满意的航迹规划路线.     

基于级联模板匹配的目标定位

为了实现快速的目标定位,本文提出了一种基于级联模板匹配的目标定位的方法。首先用不同尺度的多模板匹配来寻来目标在源图中的候选区域,其次通过颜色直方图对候选区域进行筛选,最后使用Hu形状不变矩来验证候选区域是否为目标。该方法对于一般的旋转和尺度变换具有鲁棒性。实验结果表明该方法是快速有效的。     

基于协同再入飞行器的舰船目标定位方法研究

研究再入飞行器的舰船目标优化定位问题,由于目标是由多基站雷达协同定位,在没有景象和地形匹配条件下,飞行器存在位置误差和姿态误差,造成目标定位精度差。为最大程度发挥再入飞行器的作战效能和战斗力,提出通过对多再入飞行器的相对位置误差和姿态角度误差进行校正,来提高融合定位精度。采用扩展卡尔曼滤波方法,依托惯性导航、卫星导航及飞行器间通信测距条件下的目标融合定位方法进行仿真。仿真结果表明,在卫星导航或再入飞行大机动的通信测距条件下,可以有效提高目标定位精度,为再入飞行器优化定位提供了科学依据。     

基于机器视觉的PCB板电解电容极性检测

针对目前电解电容检测方法定位偏移较大、对噪声较为敏感,且极性判断准确性较差等问题,提出了一种基于轮廓特征与滑动窗口平滑度的电解电容检测方法,通过计算轮廓近似圆形状描述子与轮廓逼近折线角度的连续性特征,并结合广义霍夫变换圆检测来定位电解电容内圆。依据滑动窗口法计算电容圆环区域窗口平滑度,并对特征窗口累加计数来判断极性方向,最终实现电解电容检测。实验结果表明,该方法具有较高的准确率,能够适应电路板在线检测对时间的要求,并且对于电容形状不规则、有文字干扰以及噪声较多等情况具有良好的鲁棒性。     

区域方向直方图及在鉴别身份证真伪中的应用

提出了一种新的区域方向直方图，直方图由角向直方图和径向直方图共同组成，考虑了目标区域内各点的角向和径向分布，能够全面、准确地表达图像的形状特征。用区域方向直方图抽取目标的形状特征，判断是否存在激光防伪标志，从而鉴别身份证的真伪。实验证明，该方法简单实用，能有效地打击伪造身份证的现象。     

旋翼飞行机器人视觉定位方法及系统

为实现旋翼飞行机器人在室内环境中的精确定位及控制,设计了基于单目视觉的机载视觉定位方法.该方法通过矩特征提取、图形分类来识别地面标记图形,进而利用EPn P方法解算摄像机坐标.为验证机载视觉定位方法的有效性,利用Kinect传感器搭建了旋翼飞行器外部定位系统,设计了针对旋翼飞行器目标的视觉跟踪算法,定位精度达2 mm.实验结果表明,机载视觉定位方法能够很好地进行飞行器定位.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.