多用户多载波无线携能通信系统的上下行联合资源分配

无线携能通信(SWIPT)技术是解决无线网络能量受限问题的有效方法,该文研究一个由基站(BS)和多用户组成的多载波SWIPT系统,其上行和下行链路均采用正交频分复用(OFDM)技术。在下行链路中,基站向用户同时进行信息与能量传输;在上行链路中,用户利用从基站接收的能量向基站回传信息。该文以最大化上下行加权和速率为目标,联合优化上行和下行的子载波分配和功率分配,提出基于拉格朗日对偶法和椭球法的最优联合资源分配算法。计算机仿真结果证实了该算法的有效性。     

带内全双工多用户MIMO系统中的用户选择

考虑一种多用户MIMO的传输设计,配置发射天线阵列和接收天线阵列的蜂窝基站可以工作在带内全双工传输模式。在该全双工通信方案中,基站的下行发射信号对基站的上行接收产生显著的干扰,即自干扰。这里,下行预编码处理和上行发射协方差矩阵处理将被依次进行,以简化全双工的设计。其次,为了进一步改善上、下行信道的和速率性能,我们提出一种尝试性的下行用户选择方案,其基本思想是:当某一个下行用户的信道矩阵的范数较小时,关闭该下行用户的数据流。计算机仿真结果表明,在基站下行总发射功率受限时,在低的和中等的下行信噪比区域,用户选择有助于提高下行和速率;在高的上行信噪比区域,简化的用户选择使得上行和速率明显提高。      

基于SWIPT-TS的被困用户双向传输时间分配算法

本文针对灾难场景下被困用户因移动终端无法充电而与外界中断通信的问题,提出了一种基于SWIPT能量采集的被困用户中继协作传输方法。该中继系统中被困用户为源节点,周围的邻近用户随机地分布在其与基站之间并且作为其与基站进行通信的中继节点,并采用SWIPT-TS方式为被困用户充电。在被困用户采集的能量和系统下行速率的约束下,建立了系统上行可达速率最大的优化问题,通过分析两跳传输的对偶性以及利用Lambert W函数,提出了一种基于系统上行可达速率最大化的中继选择和时间分配算法。本文所提的算法的解是闭式型,因此复杂度较低。仿真结果表明,本文所提的基于系统上行可达速率最大化的中继选择和时间分配算法不仅可以为被困用户提供能量,还可以提高系统数据传输速率。      

基于小区覆盖增强技术的Macro-Pico异构网络上行干扰识别与干扰协调机制

在LTE (Long Term Evolution)异构网络中,由于宏基站(Macro)与微微(Pico)基站的发射功率相差较大,一些离Pico基站较近的用户因为接收到的宏基站下行信号质量好于Pico基站而选择接入宏小区。然而,因为这些用户距离Pico基站较近,因此上行通信会对Pico基站产生严重的上行干扰。小区覆盖增强(Range Expansion, RE)技术能够减少此类干扰,但同时又可能引入新的下行干扰。该文提出一种基于RE技术的上行干扰识别与协调机制(UIICRE),能够准确识别上行干扰源及其强度,并进行相应的干扰协调处理。仿真结果表明,该文提出的方案能够解决Pico小区的上行干扰问题,提升用户的上行通信质量,并保证用户下行通信质量不受影响。     

能量可转移小基站联盟博弈资源优化算法

为提高系统容量和能量效率，本算法针对能量采集小基站网络下行场景，提出采集能量可转移的联盟博弈算法。首先建立能量采集小基站网络模型，邻近小基站间以传输线连接并可以能量转移；提出了分布式的联盟形成算法，该算法以频带效率为效用函数，根据算法得到时间以及能量共享策略，小基站调整其发射功率；制定转移准则控制联盟形成，保证联盟结构的优化和算法收敛性。仿真结果表明，提出的算法能合理分配采集的能量，有效提高系统的频谱效率，并改善了用户的服务满意度。      

具有非线性能量收集的RIS辅助无线供电通信网络的吞吐量优化

为了提高无线供电通信网络（WPCN）的信息吞吐量及传能效率并实现系统可持续工作，研究可重构智能表面（RIS）辅助WPCN的吞吐量优化问题。采用非线性能量收集模型，并对RIS进行能量分配，通过联合优化RIS的反射相位和能量分配系数，基站的发射波束赋形，基站能量传输，下行能量传输和上行信息传输的时间分配，以最大限度提高网络用户信息传输的吞吐量。所考虑的优化问题的优化变量高度耦合，难以直接求解。提出基于分块优化、松弛变量引入和半正定松弛方法的高效算法求解该问题。仿真结果表明，与现有的基准方案对比，所提算法能显著提高系统吞吐量和可靠性。     

叠加信息序列的下行信道信息直接反馈方法

提出一种低代价下行信道信息实时反馈方法,它将上行的信息序列与下行的信道信息叠加后上传,而不必为下行信道信息分配单独的系统资源.在保证信息序列误码性能及下行信道信息估计精度的前提下,牺牲一部分上行信息序列的误码性能以换取高的频谱利用率.由于对下行信道信息进行了扩频处理,故即使分配较低的能量也能在基站侧进行可靠地恢复.仿真实验证明了这种方法的有效性.     

基于上行时隙的新型信号检测方法研究

本文利用通信系统具有上下行时隙的特点,根据基站和用户终端发射功率的不同,提出了基于上行时隙的能量检测算法。在非授权用户系统的认知节点进行在线能量检测时,容易受到系统自身发射信号的干扰。为了减轻该影响,本文基于上行时隙进行能量检测,这样认知节点所受干扰主要来源于系统的用户终端,其带来的干扰相对较小。文中选取了TD-LTE系统作为非授权用户、雷达系统作为授权用户的认知系统开展研究,并通过MATLAB仿真证明了基于上行时隙的能量检测算法的可行性。     

无线供电混合多址接入网络的最优能效资源分配研究

在能量受限的通信系统中，能量效率是衡量系统性能的关键指标.本文研究由一个基站和多个分簇用户组成的无线供电混合非正交多址接入系统.在该网络中，基站通过无线能量传输方式给用户供能，用户则利用收集到的能量向基站传输各自的信息.为降低基站的接收解码复杂度，用户采用分簇的方式进行信息传输：簇间用户的信息传输采用时分多址方式，而簇内用户的信息传输采用非正交多址方式.通过联合分配能量传输与信息传输的时间长度以及控制基站和用户的发射功率来实现网络能量效率的最大化.由于涉及的优化问题是非凸的，本文先通过寻找问题最优解的结构，然后根据分式规划理论，提出了一种新的迭代资源分配算法来求解该问题.仿真结果表明，与"吞吐量最大化策略"和 "固定时间分配策略"两种基准策略相比，所提出的算法显著提高了网络的能量效率.     

TD-SCDMA室内覆盖探讨

一、TD-SCDMA室内覆盖特点 TD-SCDMA室内分布系统具有以下特点. 1.信源无智能天线.用户与基站的通话链路建立后基站没有对下行链路的赋型增益,同室外覆盖的方式相比下行功率要低了6-8dB,缺少了智能天线的基站信源上行灵敏度也要低于使用了智能天线的室外宏基站.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

A method for calculating the center position of collimated light

It is a key problem to accurately calculate beam spots＇ center of measuring the warp by using a collimated laser. A new method, named double geometrical center method （DGCM）, is put forward for the first time. In this method, a plane wave perpendicularly irradiates an aperture stop, and a charge couple device （CCD） is employed to receive the diffraction-beam spots, then the geometrical centers of the fast and the second diffraction-beam spots are calculated respectively, and their mean value is regarded as the center of datum beam. In face of such adverse instances as laser intension distributing defectively, part of the image being saturated, this method can still work well. What＇s more, this method can detect whether an unacceptable error exits in the courses of image receiving, processing and calculating. The experimental results indicate the precision of this method is high.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.