基于SPIHT算法的ROI编码研究

感兴趣区域(ROI)编码与图像压缩算法的相结合,可使ROI获得高质量。本文通过在多级树集合分裂(SPIHT)算法中嵌入ROI,形成基于SPIHT算法的ROI图像编码方法。该方法通过下移背景(BG)位平面使ROI位平面置于BG位平面之前,解码时优先传输ROI系数。实验选取一般位移法,将此算法与传统的SPIHT算法作比较,并研究了不同条件下各区域的质量。实验证明,本文算法明显优于传统的SPIHT算法,选择合理的参数能得到好的视觉效果。     

基于JPEG2000的感兴趣区域算法研究

介绍了两种感兴趣区域(ROI)编码技术:一般位移法(Scaling-based method)和最大位移法(MaxShift method),它们分别已经被JPEG2000标准的第一和第二部分采纳。其中一般位移法需要传输和编码ROI的形状信息,而最大位移法不能控制感兴趣区域和背景区域(BG)重建图像的相对质量。针对这些缺点与不足,又进一步阐述了另外两种改进算法:位平面逐个位移法(BsBShift method)和最重要位平面法(MSBShift method)。     

基于改进SPIHT算法的医学图像ROI编码

提出了一种适用于医学图像渐进传输的感兴趣区域编码方法。通过采用交错位平面思想,实现了ROI和BG区域相对质量可调,且支持任意形状ROI编码。结合提升后的位平面特点,提出了基于ROI形状估计的改进SPIHT算法。实验结果表明,相比传统SPIHT算法,改进算法在相同码率下,具有更高的图像质量。     

基于率失真优化的ROI编码算法

提出一种通过提升率失真斜率来实现任意形状的感兴趣区域（ROI）编码的方法,从而避免了因提升系数引入过多的位平面导致编码效率降低的问题。实验结果表明该算法通过调节提升因子可实现ROI与背景区域重现图像对比度的任意可调,并且无需发送ROI区域的形状信息,同时降低了部分ROI编码块中背景系数的优先级,可以使感兴趣区域得到更快的恢复重现。     

基于JPEG2000的ROI编码算法的研究

介绍JPEG2000标准中定义的ROI算法:一般位移法和最大位移法,但这两种方法都有缺点.因此随后又详细论述其改进算法--部分背景系数平面位移法和部分重要位平面位移法,给出算法验证和比较结果.     

基于压缩感知的感兴趣区域编码

受无线信道带宽的约束,图像经传统图像压缩方法压缩并经无线信道传输后,图像质量受损严重,会影响后续探测识别结果的准确性,本文针对这个问题提出一种基于压缩感知(Compressed Sensing,CS)的感兴趣区域(Region Of Interest,ROI)图像压缩方法。首先,将位平面位移技术引入压缩感知,对获得的图像进行量化、位平面分解;然后位移ROI位平面,并给出编码方案;最后,在解码端通过解码、重构,得到ROI质量良好的重构图像。仿真结果表明,本文算法重构图像的ROI部分PSNR高于传统的压缩感知编码方法,验证了方法的可行性和有效性,从而为ROI图像编码提供了一种可行的解决方案。     

一种基于人眼视觉特性的ROI渐进图像传输算法

一般基于ROI的渐进传输算法都未充分考虑人眼视觉特性,利用小波变换的特点并结合人眼视觉的掩蔽效应,提出了一种改进的ROI渐进图像传输算法。首先传输图像的低分辨率形式,供用户选择是否继续传输图像。进行ROI图像传输时,在不影响ROI主观质量的前提下,可以对ROI视觉效果影响不明显的小波系数延后传输,而利用节省下的带宽传输视觉上重要的背景系数。此外,还可以根据网络带宽情况设置扩展因子,控制背景图像进行分级扩展传输,从而保证接收到的图像始终具有较好的整体视觉效果。仿真实验证明了该算法的有效性及扩展因子的控制作用。     

基于选择子带提升位平面的ROI编码方法研究

首先分析了JPEG2000中两种ROI编码机制的优缺点,然后对图像小波变换后各子带内ROI系数的能量情况进行统计分析,提出了基于小波变换后的ROI掩膜能量选取提升重要子带,同时时重要子带采用适应小渡"零树"特性的子带扩充,进而提出了一种基于选择子带提升位平面的ROI编码方法.该算法有以下优点:(1)能够控制ROI和ROB的相对压缩质量;(2)可以获得同一图像中多ROI的不同压缩率;(3)允许定义任意形状的ROI且无须在码流中包含形状信息.实验结果验证了所提方法的有效性.     

基于提升小波变换的视频图像编码技术研究

在提升小波的基础上,对感兴趣区域(ROI)进行Huffman无损压缩,对背景区域(BG)进行嵌入式零树(EZW)图像压缩编码。实验证明,在感兴趣区域占整幅图像大小10%左右时,该方法能够解决图像压缩比和重构图像质量之间的矛盾。     

一种基于EBCOT的感兴趣区图像编码算法

优化截断嵌入式编码(Embedded block coding with optimized truncation, EBCOT)是JPEG 2000的核心, EBCOT所采用的基于码块的率失真优化方式为实现图像感兴趣区(Region of interest, ROI)编码提供了良好的基础. 本文分析了其中具有代表性的隐式ROI 编码算法, 并提出了一种改进方法. 通过构造加权函数, 合理地为ROI码块分配权重, 在保证ROI信息被优先编码的同时, 降低ROI码块中背景区域小波系数的影响, 提高了重建图像ROI的质量. 实验结果表明, 算法在低码率下重建图像ROI质量提高明显, 在高码率下也能够很好兼顾重建图像背景区域的质量.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.