反向条纹投影技术及其在数字地球仪中的应用

本文提出一种基于反向条纹投影原理的数字地球仪.在数字地球仪中,显示屏是一个球面的漫反射屏,通过投影的方法可以实现数字地球仪任意方向的旋转显示.首先通过投影正弦条纹到球面显示屏上,从观察数字地球仪的方向用CCD相机获取变形条纹图像,通过相移算法,建立投影器和摄像机像素之间的几何传递关系.基于地球三维图形信息数据库,根据期望图像为投影器产生投影图像.本文建立了地球三维信息提取模型,可快速获取从任意角度观察地球的图形信息.实验使用一半径为25 cm的漫反射球体作为显示屏,将计算得到反向地图投影其上,得到相当好的实验结果.     

基于三次插值坐标变换的反向条纹投影技术

反向条纹投影技术是一种应用于在线或批量检测的快速而稳定的光学三维面形检测技术。本文提出了一种利用分片二元三次多项式插值来确定摄像机和投影器坐标变换关系的方法,它通过在摄像机10个像素点区域内拟和两个二元三次多项式,来求得该区域内投影器像素点对应的摄像机坐标值。计算机模拟和实物的对比实验表明,该方法能有效地提高反向条纹投影的精度。     

多摄像机全景系统中的多平面投影技术

全景视觉是计算机视觉领域中的关键技术之一,而投影模型在全景技术中又起到了非常重要的作用。为了减少柱面投影带来的水平直线畸变以及保证不同摄像机之间图像接合处的平滑性,本文针对多摄像机全景系统提出了基于柱面的多平面全景投影技术,该技术首先通过对每个摄像机图像平面做柱面投影来实现柱面全景图像。然后在根据柱面全景中的内容进行水平二次划分为几个子图像。最后,对划分后的子图像再按照反柱面投影模型进行一次多平面投影就得到水平直线畸变较小的全景图像。实验结果表明该方法校正后的全景图像中水平直线的曲率不大于0.002,同时还保证了不同图像平面接合处的平滑性。     

一种基于投影和多分辨谱分解的图像配准方法

本文结合积分投影与多分辨谱分解技术,提出了一种实时图像亚像素配准算法。该算法首先引入积分投影方法将图像序列中的每帧图像转换成两个一维积分投影向量,再应用多分辨谱分解方法对两个投影向量分别进行处理,从而精确地获取图像在二维空间上的亚像素平移量。实验结果表明,本文算法具有计算量小、精度高、收敛速度快等优点,尤其适合于硬件实时实现。     

采用LD的光源步进条纹投影三维测量系统

在采用LED的光源步进法三维测量系统中,由于LED发散角大,在短距离内就达到较大的条纹投影面积,造成系统工作距离短.另外大功率LED发光面尺寸大导致条纹对比度低,投影高亮度、高对比度的条纹困难.为解决上述问题,提出在光源步进法投影装置中采用激光二极管(LD)作为光源,实现高亮度、高对比度相移条纹投影.采用该投影装置与双...     

一种基于极线约束的激光条纹匹配算法

本文介绍一种基于极线约束的激光条纹匹配算法。先通过双CCD摄像机摄取两幅图像 ,然后对图像进行预处理。处理之后的两幅图像是在不同视角下摄取的两条单像素宽的激光条纹 ,在极线约束和连续性约束的理论基础上 ,提出了一种直线和曲线求交的匹配方法 ,从而实现了激光条纹的快速精确匹配和激光扫描线的三维重建。     

一种提高光栅投影轮廓术精度的方法

在光栅投影三维轮廓术中,直接条纹位移分析法存在着垂直条纹方向分辨率低的缺点。在分析产生低分辨率原因的基础上,提出移物法,该方法通过多次移动物体来提高测量的采样精度。测量结果表明,在不提高对光栅投影系统的要求的情况下,对物体移动N次分别进行测量,每次移动的距离为条纹宽度的1/(N 1),这样就可以使得测量精度提高N倍。     

虚拟光栅变频投影三维测量技术的研究

虚拟光栅变频投影三维测量技术采用多光束干涉条纹形成虚拟余弦光栅,将虚拟余弦光栅投影到被测物体上得到被物体形貌调制的变形虚拟光栅。通过调整多光束干涉的楔角改变虚拟光栅频率,将两幅不同频率的变形虚拟光栅经过光学接收系统成像在CCD像机上,对CCD像机记录的变频变形光栅图像进行综合处理从而获取被测物体的三位形貌。本文给出了这种测量技术的原理,实验结果表明,采用变频虚拟光栅投影三维形貌测量技术可以有效地解决三维测量中被测物体高度变化率过大引起相位展开困难的问题。     

基于条纹投影的复杂曲面测量技术

如何快速、高精度地测量复杂曲面的三维轮廓是目前的一个热点研究方向。与现有的测量方法相比,条纹投影轮廓测量技术具有非接触测量、测量速度快和重构点云密集等优点,在逆向工程等领域得到了广泛的应用。本文搭建了基于条纹投影轮廓测量技术的复杂曲面测量装置,并且对相位误差标定及补偿、投影仪精确标定、高阶系统模型简化以及有效点云快速识别等条纹投影轮廓测量的关键技术进行了深入地研究。最后使用该装置进行了叶片表面轮廓测量实验,实验结果表明,本文设计装置的测量偏差最大值不超过0.05 mm。     

一种光斑图像中心的亚像素提取方法

针对空间发光点所成光斑图像中心的高精度提取问题,本文提出一种亚像素提取方法.该方法建立了具有高斯能量分布的空间发光点的透视投影光斑图像灰度分布数学模型,证明了空间发光点能量中心的透视投影不变性.通过对光斑图像二阶方向导数和自相关函数的分析,获得Hessian矩阵并推导出像素级光斑图像中心的判定条件,再将图像灰度分布函数在光斑图像像素级中心的亚像素邻域内泰勒展开,并求取光斑图像灰度分布曲面的局部极大值点作为亚像素级光斑图像的中心点.与现有经典方法的对比仿真实验结果表明,该算法具有更高精度和更好的鲁棒生,可广泛应用于视觉检测的摄像机标定、三维形貌测量等任务中(类)光斑中心的高精度提取.     

Scalable high-resolution integral videography autostereoscopic display with a seamless multiprojection system

We propose a scalable high-resolution autostereoscopic display that uses integral videography (IV) and a seamless multiprojection system. IV is an animated extension of integral photography (IP). Although IP and IV are ideal ways to display three-dimensional images, their spatial viewing resolution needs improvement; the pixel pitch of the display and the lens pitch are the main factors affecting IV image quality. We improved the quality by increasing the number and density of the pixels. Using multiple projectors, we create a scalable high-resolution image and project it onto a small screen using long-focal-length projection optics. To generate seamless IV images, we developed an image calibration method for geometric correction and color modulation. We also fabricated a lens array especially for the display device. Experiments were conducted with nine XGA projectors and nine PCs for parallel image rendering and displaying. A total of 2868 x 2150 pixels were displayed on a 241 mm x 181 mm (302.4 dots/in.) rear-projection screen. The lens pitch was 1.016 mm, corresponding to 12 pixels of the projected image. Measurement of the geometric accuracy of the reproduced IV images demonstrated that the spatial resolution of the display system matched that of the theoretical analysis.     

Three-dimensional measurement of distant objects based on laser-projected CCD images

A novel measuring system based on a single CCD camera and two laser projectors to record images and perform three-dimensional measurement of a distant object is proposed here. Because of the alignment of the laser beams which form in parallel with the optical axis of the CCD camera, projected spots will appear on the same scan line in a CCD image. As a result processing of a single scan line rather than the whole image is only required to identify the projected spots in the CCD image. Complex computation of video signals of the whole image via either pattern recognition or image analysis methods is therefore circumvented. On the basic of an established relationship between the distance and pixel counts between the projected spots in the CCD image, the proposed system not only measures the distance from a distant object but also the length of two arbitrarily designated points on the object. To provide better accuracy, intrinsic parameters of the CCD camera are taken into consideration in the measurement. Furthermore, the effect of laser diffusion is also proved to be irrelevant to the measuring accuracy here. Experimental results have demonstrated that the proposed measuring method is capable of yielding accurate results of three-dimensional measurement for a distant object in a very responsive way.     

基于几何法立体图像校正的研究

立体视觉图像校正是加速立体匹配简单而常用的技术之一。采用几何法对使用棱镜的单镜头立体视觉系统图像进行校正,根据成像原理,从图像平面像素点反推到三维实体点的分析运算,利用成像光线几何关系求解虚拟相机外部参数,实现极线的校正,避免了复杂相机标定过程。同时,该算法可以从双棱镜应用推广到多面棱镜的单棱镜立体视觉系统图像校正。实验结果表明,基于几何法对使用棱镜的单镜头立体视觉系统图像校正是有效的。     

Performance Analysis and Evaluation of Geometric Parameters in Stereo Deflectometry

This paper presents a novel geometric parameters analysis to improve the measurement accuracy of stereo deflectometry. Stereo deflectometry can be used to obtain form information for freeform specular surfaces. A measurement system based on stereo deflectometry typically consists of a fringe-displaying screen, a main camera, and a reference camera. The arrangement of the components of a stereo deflectometry system is important for achieving high-accuracy measurements. In this paper, four geometric parameters of a stereo deflectometry system are analyzed and evaluated: the distance between the main camera and the measured object surface, the angle between the main camera ray and the surface normal, the distance between the fringe-displaying screen and the object, and the angle between the main camera and the reference camera. The influence of the geometric parameters on the measurement accuracy is evaluated. Experiments are performed using simulated and experimental data. The experimental results confirm the impact of these parameters on the measurement accuracy. A measurement system based on the proposed analysis has been set up to measure a stock concave mirror. Through a comparison of the given surface parameters of the concave mirror, a global measurement accuracy of 154.2 nm was achieved.     

基于未校准照片构造全景图的新方法

提出一种基于未校准的系列照片构造全景图纳新方法，该组照片可采用普通三脚架/数码相机在固定地点拍摄。采用普通三角架通过旋转角度拍摄的照片难以保证轴心一致性，可能出现图像扭曲、交叠和倾斜，照片之间可能有一定色差，因此，在图像的拼接和建立全景图方面难度大。文中采用特征匹配技术实现照片的拼接，通过照片的定位拼接、相邻照片颜色亮度的协调实现全景图的构建。该算法所生成的全景图效果好，计算速度快，巳得到实际应用。它可广泛应用于Web环境下的基于图像的虚拟场景构造等方面。     

Descent image based landing area terrain reconstruction technology for lunar landing mission

In this paper, we present a descent image based extraterrestrial terrain reconstruction technology, which has been successfully applied in China's first soft landing Chang'E-3 mission on moon. When scouting on the moon surface, the lunar rover (Jade Rabbit rover) requires reliable terrain information for navigation and positioning tasks. The descent image sequence acts as a link between the orbital images and the surface images. The proposed approach collects multilevel descent images, as well as inertial information from an inertial measurement unit and surface stereo vision information, to generalise a consistent surface model. A data fusion strategy is proposed to track the camera trajectory, and refined plane sweep stereo matching and 3D alignment technologies are analysed in this article. The onboard result, as well as on-earth simulation experiments, has shown that the discussed techniques are reliable to reconstruct the terrain information for the lunar rover's localisation and navigation.     

Defocus morphing in real aperture images

A new concept called defocus morphing in real aperture images is introduced. View morphing is an existing example of shape-preserving image morphing based on the motion cue. It is proved that images can also be morphed based on the depth-related defocus cue. This illustrates that the morphing operation is not necessarily a geometric process alone; one can also perform a photometry-based morphing wherein the shape information is implicitly buried in the image intensity field. A theoretical understanding of the defocus morphing process is presented. It is shown mathematically that, given two observations of a three-dimensional scene for different camera parameter settings, we can obtain a virtual observation for any camera parameter setting through a simple nonlinear combination of these observations.     

A LIFE MORE PHOTOGRAPHIC

Twenty‐two years since the arrival of the first consumer digital camera, Western culture is now characterized by ubiquitous photography. The disappearance of the camera inside the mobile phone has ensured that even the most banal moments of the day can become a point of photographic reverie, potentially shared instantly. Supported by the increased affordability of computers, digital storage and access to broadband, consumers are provided with new opportunities for the capture and transmission of images, particularly online where snapshot photography is being transformed from an individual to a communal activity. As the digital image proliferates online and becomes increasingly delivered via networks, numerous practices emerge surrounding the image's transmission, encoding, ordering and reception. Informing these practices is a growing cultural shift towards a conception of the Internet as a platform for sharing and collaboration, supported by a mosaic of technologies termed Web 2.0. In this article we attempt to delineate the field of snapshot photography as this practice shifts from primarily being a print‐oriented to a transmission‐oriented, screen‐based experience. We observe how the alignment of the snapshot with the Internet results in the emergence of new photographies in which the photographic image interacts with established and experimental media forms – raising questions about the ways in which digital photography is framed institutionally and theoretically.     

A general gamma nonlinearity compensation method for structured light measurement with off-the-shelf projector based on unique multi-step phase-shift technology

ABSTRACT

Nonlinearities in the application of fringe projection metrology make it very difficult to acquire perfect 3D data. This paper describes a six-step phase-shifting technique for a structured light measurement system with an off-the-shelf projector. First, the phase error is analysed and a gamma model is established by deriving the relative expression between the wrapped phase and input images. This is then expressed in matrix form to derive a unique solution, which is used for the gamma solver. The complex gamma calibration and projector error compensation can be removed once the gamma value of the off-the-shelf projector has been determined. The ideal model reconstruction results are obtained through simulations and experiments, and the standard deviation of the phase error is found to be only 0.0039 radians. Hence, the proposed method eliminates the nonlinear errors associated with fringe projection technology using existing projectors and improves the overall image reconstruction quality.