ZnO/CNTs复合材料的制备、表征及光催化性能

采用水热法制备了一系列氧化锌和碳纳米管的复合材料(ZnO/CNTs),详细考察了碳纳米管的含量对复合材料光催化性能的影响。利用X射线衍射仪、紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱、扫描电子显微镜、X射线能谱、透射电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱和氮气吸附-脱附等测试手段对样品的结构、形貌和光学性质进行了表征,并用亚甲基蓝溶液模拟污染物,评价了ZnO/CNTs复合材料的光催化性能。结果表明:添加CNTs提高了ZnO的比表面积,增强了ZnO的可见光吸收。ZnO/CNTs复合材料较纯ZnO具有更高的光催化活性,并且随着CNTs含量的增加,ZnO/CNTs复合材料的光催化活性呈先增加后减小的趋势。当CNTs的含量为0.3%(质量分数)时,ZnO/CNTs复合材料的光催化活性最高,经过50 min光照后,亚甲基蓝的降解率达到了96.2%。     

ZnO/CuO/CNTs复合材料的制备及性能

以醋酸锌、醋酸铜和纯化的碳纳米管(CNTs)为原料利用溶胶-凝胶法,制备氧化锌(ZnO)、氧化铜(CuO)和ZnO/CuO/CNTs光催化剂。通过紫外-可见漫反射(DRS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、光致发光(PL)等对复合材料的结构、能带间隙以及光学性质进行表征。研究了ZnO/CuO/CNTs光催化剂在紫外光和太阳光的照射下降解甲基橙等染料的光催化降解情况。结果表明ZnO/CuO/CNTs的光催化活性明显高于ZnO/CuO,在可见光照射下光照3h后,降解率达到80%以上。     

碳纤维上原位生长碳纳米管对C/C复合材料弯曲性能的影响

以碳毡为基底原位生长了碳纳米管（CNTs）,借助化学气相渗透制备了CNTs-C/C复合材料。研究了催化剂含量对碳纳米管生长的影响以及不同含量碳纳米管对C/C复合材料弯曲性能的影响。结果表明：催化剂对CNTs产量影响较大,且含量越多,生成的CNTs量越大;原位生长CNTs引入的催化剂会导致CNTs-C/C复合材料弯曲性能变差;CNTs的加入改变了热解碳的沉积行为,诱导了球状和锥状小尺寸热解碳的形成,减少了微裂纹的出现。适量CNTs能提高C/C复合材料的弯曲强度和模量,并改善材料的断裂行为。     

碳纳米管阵列栅极冷阴极场发射增强因子的计算

垂直于栅极冷阴极六角排列的碳纳米管(CNTs)阵列是最具有应用前景的CNTs场发射平面显示器结构.计算了该结构尖端及侧壁的电势和电场分布以及场增强因子.计算结果表明:CNTs尖端处电场强度很大,随着半径Υ的增加,电场强度急剧减小;CNTs长径比L/Υ越大,尖端电场越强;栅孔半径R越大,CNTs顶端电场强度越小.     

纳米ZnO/Zn/CNT多孔复合结构的制备及其对亚甲基蓝的无光催化降解

以碳纳米管(CNTs)为基础材料,聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)为造孔剂,构筑多孔结构,并将水解反应所得的氧化锌/锌复合纳米颗粒附着在孔隙结构中,制得氧化锌/锌/碳纳米管多孔复合结构,氧化锌纳米棒直径约30~60nm,长径比可达40。对复合结构的微观结构及成分表征显示,制备ZnO/Zn/CNT多孔复合结构的过程中,无杂质生成,氧化锌晶体结构也没有发生变化。多孔复合结构对模拟污染物的暗室催化降解研究结果显示,复合结构催化降解亚甲基蓝时起主要作用的是ZnO纳米棒,在多孔结构中受力变形产生电子空穴对,在无光条件下降解有机污染物,且孔径越大、水流冲击力越强,对亚甲基蓝的催化降解效果越好。     

碳纳米管掺杂ZnO复合材料的乙醇气敏特性研究

采用简单的一步式水热法制备了颗粒状纳米ZnO,以纳米ZnO为基体材料通过球磨法进行碳纳米管(CNTs)掺杂制备CNTs-ZnO复合材料，研究了改变CNTs含量(1%、3%、5%)对ZnO传感器气敏性能的影响。结果表明：通过CNTs掺杂，ZnO传感器的灵敏度得到大幅度提高且工作温度呈现降低的趋势，其中3%-CNTs/ZnO复合材料在最佳工作温度360℃下对乙醇浓度为100×10^-6的响应值(S=R_a/R_g)为98.329,是纯纳米ZnO的2.5倍。优异的性能主要归因于CNTs的掺杂增加了CNTs-ZnO复合材料的比表面积，而且可以促进CNTs在ZnO界面形成p-n异质结。     

超临界流体干燥法制备纳米ZnO的研究

氧化锌是少数可以实现量子效应的半导体,与普通氧化锌相比,纳米氧化锌具有许多特殊的性质,如无毒和非迁移性、压电性、吸收和散射紫外线能力.以廉价无机锌盐为原料,采用液相化学法结合超临界流体干燥法制备了纳米级ZnO,并采用TEM、XRD等手段对其物性进行了表征,考察了制备条件对产物粒径、形貌、收率的影响.研究结果表明:随着锌盐浓度的提高,产物粒径逐渐增大;pH值<8～9时,随着pH值增加粒径逐渐变小;pH=8～9时,粒径达到最小,继续增加体系pH值,ZnO粒子迅速长大;相同的陈化时间,陈化温度越高,ZnO的粒径越大,在相同温度下,陈化时间越长,粒径越大;SCFD可实现干燥、晶化一步完成,与普通干燥相比,SCFD法制备的纳米粒子具有粒径分布均匀,大小可控等优点.     

多壁碳纳米管/天然橡胶复合材料的结构和动态性能

以HNO₃/H₂SO₄改性的多壁碳纳米管（CNTs）为原料,制备多壁碳纳米管（CNTs）/天然橡胶（NR）复合材料,研究了在NR中填充CNTs对其力学性能、动态性能、Payne效应、压缩生热和损耗因子的影响。结果表明:经HNO₃/H₂SO₄混合酸改性的CNTs表面含有氢原子、含氧官能团和自由基,增强了大管径CNTs与橡胶基体间界面结合,如物理吸附、氢键作用、化学结合等。其结果是,随着CNTs管径的增大,对复合材料的补强作用增强,压缩温升小,其Payne效应也降低;损耗因子（tanδ）越大压缩温升越高;填充不同管径CNTs的份数越大,碳纳米管之间的平均距离减小,更易形成聚集体,其复合材料的Payne效应越大。     

碳纳米管/羟基磷灰石复合材料的制备及表征

以含钴介孔分子筛为催化剂、乙醇为碳源, 采用CVD法制备碳纳米管(CNTs)。通过原位合成法制备一系列不同碳纳米管含量的碳纳米管/羟基磷灰石(CNTs/HA)复合材料。分别采用XRD、FTIR、TEM、N₂吸附-脱附和Raman光谱等分析手段, 对所合成CNTs/HA复合材料的晶相、结构、形貌和比表面积等进行了表征。同时研究了碳纳米管的添加量对所合成CNTs/HA复合材料形貌的影响。XRD与Raman结果表明, 所得CNTs/HA复合粉体中仅有CNTs与HA两种物相, 纯度较高, 结晶度较好; TEM结果显示, CNTs/HA复合材料中CNTs表面均匀包裹着一层纳米级的针状HA晶粒, 两者形成了较强的界面结合, 且当CNTs与HA的质量比为3:17时, CNTs与HA形成最佳结合状态; N₂吸附-脱附表征结果表明, 与HA的比表面积相比, CNTs/HA复合材料具有较高比表面积。     

碳纳米管含量对碳纳米管/聚丙烯复合材料性能及微结构制品的影响

采用稀释母料的熔融共混方式制备碳纳米管/聚丙烯复合材料(CNTs/PP)并加工出微结构面板.研究不同含量CNTs的复合材料的结晶行为、力学性能以及流变性能,得到CNTs对聚合物的增强机理,开拓CNTs复合材料在微结构制品方面的应用.结果表明:采用稀释母粒的方式,CNTs在PP基体中分散相对均匀;CNTs的加入会抑制β晶的形成,降低在(040)晶面取向度;同时也会使复合材料的结晶度从60.36％降低到53.17％.随着CNTs含量的增加,CNTs/PP复合材料的弹性模量可以提高近43％,拉伸强度可以提高近26％.CNTs含量为1wt％时,其冲击强度最高.在低剪切速率下CNTs能显著提高复数粘度,剪切速率越高,复数黏度对CNTs含量的依赖性越低.在纯PP中添加CNTs后,剪切应力明显提高,且随剪切速率的增大呈同步变化趋势.综合结果分析,选择CNTs含量低于3％进行微结构加工较为适宜.     

Effect of crystallite size of zinc oxide on the mechanical,thermal and flow properties of polypropylene/zinc oxide nanocomposites

ZnO nanoparticles were prepared using zinc chloride and sodium hydroxide in chitosan medium. Prepared ZnO (NZO) and commercial ZnO (CZO) was characterized by scanning electron microscopic and X-ray diffraction studies. PP/ZnO nanocomposites were prepared using 0–5 wt% of zinc oxide by melt mixing. It was then compression moulded into films. Transparency of the composite films were improved by reducing the crystallite size of ZnO. Melt flow index studies revealed that NZO increased the flow characteristics of PP while CZO decreased. X-ray diffraction studies indicated α-form of isotactic polypropylene. An increase in mechanical properties, dynamic mechanical properties and thermal stability of the composites were observed by the addition of ZnO. Uniform dispersion of the ZnO was observed in the scanning electron micrographs of the tensile fractured surface of composites.     

Synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using Melia dubia leaf extract and its characterisation

The present work deals with the synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (Nps) using the biocompounds extracted from Melia dubia leaves (MD L.) and zinc acetate as precursors. The choice of the precursors was based on the intention to use the synthesised ZnO Nps for the healthcare applications. In this line, the antimicrobial property of ethanolic extract of MD L., uncalcined ZnO Nps and calcined ZnO Nps has been assessed and compared. The prepared particles have been characterised by comparing their Fourier transform infrared spectrum, X‐ray diffraction (XRD) diffractogram and TEM images. The presence of ZnO has been confirmed using IR spectrum. The crystal structure and crystallite size have been found out using XRD diffractogram, and the obtained crystallite size was confirmed using TEM images. Finally, an attempt has been made to correlate the structure with the antimicrobial property of the material.Inspec keywords: zinc compounds, nanoparticles, nanofabrication, Fourier transform infrared spectra, X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, crystal structure, antibacterial activity, nanobiotechnologyOther keywords: ZnO, antimicrobial property, crystallite size, crystal structure, TEM images, X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectrum, zinc acetate, biocompounds, Melia dubia leaf, zinc oxide nanoparticle synthesis     

Production and characterization of ZnO nanocrystals obtained by solochemical processing at different temperatures

The semiconductor zinc oxide (ZnO) has been widely used because it presents exclusive novel physical and chemical properties at the nanometer scale. In this work, ZnO nanocrystals were synthesized via solochemical processing in a few hours without any subsequent treatment. ZnCl2 and NaOH were adopted as synthesis precursors. ZnO production was realized at different reaction temperatures to verify the effect of this parameter on synthesis. The synthesis temperatures studied were 50 degrees C, 70 degrees C and 90 degrees C. The materials obtained at different reaction temperatures were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the Rietveld method. The size and morphology of the ZnO particles obtained at 50 degrees C were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). ZnO powders have hexagonal wurtzite structure and nanometric-sized crystallites. Microstrain increased and the average crystallite size decreased with the increase in reaction temperature.     

Synthesis and characterization of nanosized Cu/ZnO catalyst by polyol method

Nanosized catalysts composed of metallic copper supported on zinc oxide have been synthesized by the polyol process. Average crystallite size of copper was between 10 and 45 nm. Cu/ZnO catalyst particles were characterized by various techniques, such as X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Selected Area Electron Diffraction (SAED), and dynamic light scattering analysis (DLS).     

微波法制备纳米氧化锌及其光催化性能研究

以硫酸锌和尿素为原料,采用微波加热法制备纳米氧化锌,比较了不同工艺条件下制备的纳米氧化锌的性能,结果表明,不同反应时间制备的纳米氧化锌均为六方晶系的纤锌矿结构,颗粒大小平均为52．14nm,反应时间、反应物浓度及焙烧温度对纳米氧化锌的光催化性能均有一定的影响。反应时间1．5h、硫酸锌的浓度0．25mol／L、焙烧温度450℃时,纳米氧化锌的光催化效果较好。     

Synthesis, characterization, UV and dielectric properties of hexagonal disklike ZnO particles embedded in polyimides

A series of novel ZnO/polyimide composite films with different ZnO contents was prepared through incorporation hexagonal disklike ZnO particles into poly(amic acid) of the pre polymer of the polyimide. The hexagonal disklike ZnO particles with a diameter of 300-500 nm were synthesized from zinc acetate and NaOH in water with citric acid. The prepared zinc oxide-polyimide composites were characterized for their structure, morphology, and thermal behavior employing Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron micrograph, X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis techniques. Thermal analyses show that the ZnO particles were successfully incorporated into the polymer matrix and these ZnO/polymer composites have a good thermal stability. Scanning electron microscopy studies indicate the ZnO particles were uniformly dispersed in the polymer and they remained at the original size (300-500 nm) before immobilization. All composite films with ZnO particle contents from 1 to 5 wt% show good transparency in the visible region and luminescent properties.     

Screening the Insecticidal Efficacy of Nano ZnO Synthesized via in-situ Polymerization of Crosslinked Polyacrylic Acid as a Template

Nano zinc oxide (ZnO) is a very useful and important material in many industrial and biological applications. In the present work, ZnO was synthesized by post thermal degradation of the precursor "zinc acetate di-hydrate" templated in crosslinked polyacrylic acid (PAA). The crosslinked PAA template was prepared through an in-situ polymerization process adopted in presence of ammonium per sulphate, as an initiator, and N, Nmethylene bis-acrylamide as the crosslinker. Variation of preparation parameters and their impact on the oxide stoichiometry, crystal structure, crystallite size and surface texture of the oxide were investigated. Energy dispersive X-ray technique (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were convincingly used to reveal the oxide structural features and characteristics. The performed bioassay tests indicated the efficacy of this method of preparation to produce nano ZnO with novel insecticidal activity against the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella.     

Preparation and properties of composite particles made by nano zinc oxide coated with titanium dioxide

In this paper, composite particles of nano zinc oxide coated with titanium dioxide were prepared and characterized by TEM, XRD, XPS and FT-IR, and the properties of the composite particles for photo catalysis and light absorption were studied. Tetrabutyl titanate (TBT) was hydrolyzed in an alcoholic suspension of nano zinc oxide with diethanolamine (DEA) as an additive, resulting in a film with a thickness of 20–30 nm being coated on the surface of nano zinc oxide, and the composite particles contained ZnTiO₃ after drying and calcination. Photocatalysis capabilities of the composite particles for the degradation of phenol in an aqueous solution were greatly improved as compared with nano zinc oxide particles before coating, with pure nano ZnO and nano TiO₂ with similar average sizes, or with the mixture of nano ZnO and TiO₂ with the similar composition as the composite particles. The light absorption scope of the composite particles was enlarged when compared to nano titanium dioxide with same average size.     

Ultrafine zinc oxide powders prepared by precipitation/mechanical milling

The synthesis of ultrafine zinc oxide powders using the combination of precipitation and mechanical milling followed by subsequent heat treatment was investigated. Zinc hydroxide/oxidehydrate precursor was prepared by precipitation process using zinc chloride as the starting material. Sodium chloride was added to avoid agglomeration during the mechanical milling process. Zinc oxide particles were formed in the NaCl matrix after heat treatment and obtained after removal of NaCl. The size and structure of zinc oxide powders were studied using X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and BET surface area measurements and thermal analysis. This has shown that the particle size of zinc oxide powder is strongly dependent on the weight ratio of sodium chloride and precursor. ZnO particles with an average primary particle size of 15 nm could be obtained when the NaCl/precursor weight ratio was 4 : 1 or above.