350kA预焙电解槽焙烧启动和生产实践

350kA电解槽是我国自行开发的超大型预焙铝电解槽，本文简要阐述了350kA电解槽焙烧启动和生产管理的重点和难点，为我国推广超大型铝电解槽技术及超大型电解槽的安全高效运行提供了成功经验。     

80kA上插棒式自焙铝电解槽熔体中电磁力场的计算与分析

介绍了铝电解槽中电场、磁场和电磁力场的计算模型及计算程序，结合我国自焙阳极铝电解工业实践，分析了铝液中各点的电磁力，并用计算机绘制了电解槽中电流分布、磁场和电磁力场图，为工业铝电解槽的设计和炉膛内形的优化提供了参考。     

我国铝电解技术的发展

1951年我国从前苏联引进了60KA自焙电解槽，开创了中国的铝工业。1979年从日本引进160KA预焙电解槽后，我国开始独立开发自己的大型预焙电解槽技术。目前，中国铝业公司已拥有自主知识产权的186KA～200KA预焙电解槽、230KA～240KA预焙电解槽、280KA～350KA预焙电解槽三大系列的技术，并着手开发研究400KA～500KA预焙电解槽。上述铝电解技术已在我国电解铝厂普遍采用，其中320KA预焙电解槽技术自2003年以来相继输出到印度、伊朗和哈萨克斯坦等国家，为中国赢得了国际声誉。     

我国现行铝电解槽散热状态及散热能力研究

经过对国内40多个系列、100多台铝电解槽进行了能量平衡测量,基本上掌握了我国现行工业铝电解槽的散热状态,在此基础上进行了进一步的数据处理和挖掘,得到了我国现行工业铝电解槽的两种极限散热状态,经过合理的推导,得到了能使我国现行铝电解槽正常运行的电压-电流可调配区间.在此区间内,只要能够合理的匹配铝电解槽的各项工艺技术参数、合理的调整能量平衡就能达到想要的最佳的电流-电压匹配关系,获得较大的经济效益.     

300kA以上大型铝电解槽的设计理念

详细具体地介绍了国外大型铝电解槽设计软件和模型及国外大型铝电解槽改造、新建所关注的相关内容。对国内目前300kA以上大型铝电解槽的设计参数进行比较。指出进一步加快开发我国大型铝电解槽槽热—电—磁设计模型是当务之急。并强调在大型预焙槽设计时增强散热和减少内热的两个基本原则。     

应用新一代常温固化TiB2阴极涂层技术提高我国预焙铝电解槽寿命

介绍了我国铝电解工业的发展现状；指出了我国预焙铝电解槽寿命短的弊端；讲述了电解槽早期破损的原因和采用TiB2阴极涂层技术提高电解槽寿命的机理：叙述了新一代常温固化TiB2阴极涂层的特点，并强调应用新一代常，温固化TiB2阴极涂层技术，提高电解槽寿命，是符合我国国情，且行之有效的措施。     

国内外铜电解乙烯基整体电解槽的探讨

本文介绍了国内外铜电解乙烯基树脂整体电解槽生产厂家发展状况，电解槽结构、特点、性能及应用情况，对铜电解乙烯基树脂整体电解槽和传统混凝土玻璃钢电解槽进行比较，提出了铜电解槽的发展方向。     

铝电解槽优质阴极碳素材料

分析了铝电解槽阴极结构、材料对电解槽使用寿命、性能方面的影响,简要阐述了我国铝电解技术与世界先进水平的主要差距。提出了改变平均槽寿命短、单位电耗产量及能量效率低的措施是采用新一代的阴极内衬材料,开发高质量的阴极碳块。     

400kA大型预焙阳极铝电解槽应用研究

简要阐述了16台400kA大型预焙阳极电解槽的工业应用情况。该电解槽阳极电流密度达到0.82 A/cm2,是我国目前单槽产能最大的电解槽,其主要经济技术指标达到国际先进水平。     

浅谈500 kA预焙铝电解槽炉膛管理

500 kA预焙铝电解槽逐渐成为我国电解铝生产的主力槽型,某公司500 kA预焙电解槽由于母线配置、生产管理和工艺技术条件控制方面尚未成熟,电解槽运行稳定性差,易出现电压摆动、针振等现象,电解槽效率低、电耗高.经过对电解质温度、铝水平、分子比等技术条件的优化,电解槽保持了合理的过热度,建立了规整的炉膛,同时规范电解工序...     

电流再强化对180kA系列铝电解槽物理场的影响

铝电解槽电流强化技术对挖掘现有设备产能、提高企业经济效益具有重要的现实意义。根据中国铝业股份有限公司青海分公司160kA系列双端进电预焙阳极铝电解槽电流再强化试验情况,选择二台试验槽和一台对比槽进行了电压平衡、能量平衡、铝液磁场和流速场综合测试,并对测试结果进行了分析和讨论;对电流再强化后出现的问题进行了讨论,并提出了相应的解决方案,得出了该槽型能够强化到190kA电流下稳定生产的结论。     

Electrolytic copper refining at high current densities

Evidence points to the fact that minimum copper refining costs can be achieved at higher current densities than are currently employed. This article describes copper refining experiments conducted at current densities of up to 500 amps per sq m in specially constructed channel cells in Sweden.     

300kA、400kA铝电解槽铝液液面波动的实时监测与分析

采用等距压降法在工况条件下分别对300kA和400 kA系列电流阴极炭块普通组合、高低组合以及端头槽和非端头槽等两种不同进电方式的四台电解槽的阳极导杆电流进行了工业测试。根据测试曲线的波动周期、波幅和相位差详细地分析了槽内铝液的波动传递及铝液水平方向上形成的漩涡状态,列举了阳极效应发生时阳极导杆等距压降曲线的典型特征,通过计算研究了阳极电流分布的均匀性,并提出了改善阳极电流分布均匀性的建议。     

盲孔铜集流体制备及其对硅基阳极循环性能的改善(英文)

为提高硅基阳极的电化学性能,采用激光加工制备表面具有盲孔的铜集流体。将具有盲孔的铜集流体及表面光滑的铜集流体制成电极片,并组装成纽扣电池进行充放电循环测试。与表面光滑的铜集流体相比,多孔铜集流体显示出性能优势。电压—容量曲线表明,带有盲孔的集流体可以保持电极结构,进而保证较小的界面接触电阻。结果表明:多孔铜集流体可以提高硅基阳极的循环性能和库伦效率。     

应用等效电阻法和有限元法计算铝电解槽电场

应用等效电阻网络法与有限元相结合的方法,对侧部四点进电铝电解槽电流场进行了数值计算。计算结果表明,铝电解槽铝液中存在着由进电端指向出电端的水平电流,铝液电流密度四个角部最大,达到22214A/m2,总体上铝电解槽电流分布较为对称。应用此方法,不仅可应用于传统电解槽的优化设计,也为新型导流型电解槽的开发打下了良好的技术基础。     

Über das Prinzip der Einfangfläche bei Sauerstoffkorrosion in Elektrolytlösungen

The capture area principle with oxygen corrosion in electrolytes For oxygen depolarization, the “Capture Area Principle” of akimov lays down proportionality of the depolarization current relating to the area of the cathode, and furthermore independence of the current concerning the area of the anode. Starting with the Tafel-equation, the author arrived at mathematical formulas correlating the current intensity to the area of one of the electrodes, provided the area of the second is held constant. The above relations have been proved experimentally in a differential aeration cell, when using the same metal for both electrodes (true differential aeration cells), or using different metals for the two electrodes (galvanic cells). In true differential aeration cells (when using iron or zinc for testing purposes), conformity was found between the mathematical deductions and the experimental facts. A linear function was observed, connecting the depolarization current with the logarithm of the quotient of the cathode and the anode areas. In special cases, if the slopes of the Tafel lines are symmetric, i.e. “ideal mixed control”, the current is proportional to the square root of the varied area, while the other is held constant. Only in cases of a non-polarizable anode and a polarizable anode and a polarizable cathode, for instance when using the system of zinc-copper, the principle of Akimov is valid, in agreement with the author's theoretical assumptions.     

Bath chemistry and aluminum cell performance—Facts,fictions, and doubts

This article examines the relationship between bath chemistry and aluminum cell performance together with facts, fictions, and doubts arising from data available in the literature. An earlier trend toward more low-ratio baths now appears to have stopped at about 12% AIF₃, which is a typical bath composition used in modern, high-amperage cells. Widely different bath compositions are still used in older cells. Current controversies concern the effect of the alumina content in the bath on current efficiency and energy consumption, the true effect of LiF-containing modified baths, and the optimum content of AIF₃. Recent current efficiency data for lithium-modified low-ratio baths are discussed, together with the expected future development of bath chemistry in aluminum electrolysis cells. Further changes in bath composition can contribute to small, but significant improvements in cell performance, even in the best modern cells.     

Industrial testing of property-modified prebaked carbon anode for aluminum electrolysis

1　INTRODUCTIONInaluminumelectrolysis process ,thequantitygradeofcarbonanoderestrictsnotonlytheimprove mentofproductiontechniques ,butalsotheadvance mentofproductiontargets.Formany years ,largenumberofresearchesweredonetoimprovethephysi cal,chemicalandelectrochemicalperformanceoftheanodeinordertoenhancecurrentefficiency ,reduceenergyconsumption ,decrease productioncostandcleancircumstanceofaluminum plantanditssur roundingarea .Recently ,manylaboratoryresearchresultsweresuccessfullyappliedf…     

Evaluating additives and impurities in zinc electrowinning

The zinc electrowinning (EW) process is very sensitive to the presence of impurities. There is only one EW plant in the world that we know of that operates at moderate current efficiency and deposition times without using any additives. All the others must use them continuously. Additives allow zinc EW to occur at high current efficiencies while suppressing excessive acid mist formation. The study of the electrochemical effects of additives in zinc EW is not straightforward. This article presents a review of the experimental techniques currently used at Cominco Research: Cyclic voltammetry, Hull cells, laboratory and mini-cell electrowinning techniques are all described and their relationship to the industrial operation is discussed.     

Numerical simulation of current distribution in metal pad of aluminum reduction cells

Based on the numerical calculation of 3-D potential distribution in aluminum reduction cells, current distribution in the metal pad is calculated under the following conditions： 1） pot ledge ideally formed; 2） ledge extension to below anode; 3） different metal heights; 4） AC and 5） Spike. It is found that Jy in metal pad increases first to a highest point and then decreases along anode length. At normal status, the largest Jy is about 0.4 A/cm^2 and it locates at about 2/3 of anode length. With longer ledge, the maximum value of Jy decreases and its position moves center-ward. The longer the side ledge, the larger the negative current flowing center-ward at side channel. Jy in metal pad increases with anode length and it is not affected by metal height; while Jy increases with metal height. At AC, current flows toward metal under new anode. At spike, current concentrates at spike rather than evenly distributes. Normally, Jy is almost negligible in metal pad.