消防防化服通过部级鉴定

消防防化服通过部级鉴定由公安部上海消防科研所、解放军防化研究院、上海市消防局、桂林橡胶制品厂共同研制成功的＂ＲＦＨ－０１型消防防化服＂，１９９６年３月３０日通过公安部的鉴定，填补了我国消防装备的空白。消防防化服是消防员的一种防护服装，是消防员在有危险...     

新型消防防化服研制成功

新型消防防化服研制成功由上海市消防局、公安部上海消防科研所。防化研究院一所、桂林橡胶制品厂联合研制的消防防化服。１９９６年３月底在桂林通过公安部鉴定．将正式投入批量生产，装备全国消防部队。新型消防防化服的研制成功将有效地保障消防战斗员在抢救化学危险物...     

美国和欧洲消防防化服技术标准之比较

本文从防化服的耐磨性能、抗渗透性能、测试环境温度和耐火焰性能四个方面 ,比较了以美国消防协会标准 NFPA1991和欧盟标准 EN 934为代表 ,涉及消防防化服的两个主要国际标准 ;并介绍了一次性 (简易 )防化服的特点 ,以及封闭空间等特殊工作环境对消防防化服的要求进行了简介。     

全密封消防防化服

江苏省泰州市鸿宝凯利消防器材厂研制开发的全密封消防防化服 ,是采用 PVC双面涂复织物材料制作 ,由带大视窗的连体头罩、呼吸器背囊、耐穿刺防化胶靴、防化阻燃五指手套、密封拉链、超压排气阀、通风系统组成 ,并与空气呼吸器配套使用。该防化服主要适用于消防员在有危险性化学物品、腐蚀性物质及有害气体的事故现场抢险救援时穿着。已经国家消防装备质量监督检验中心型式检验合格 ,符合 Q/ 32 12 0 3CAA0 13- 2 0 0 1《全密封消防防化服》标准要求。其主要参数与使用、维护方法如下 :一、主要技术参数1.防酸渗透性能 (10 mm/ h)、(80 %…     

趣话消防头盔

消防员防护装备,是消防员在进行灭火时为了有效地保护自身各部位免受伤害而必须穿着和佩戴的个人装备。它根据使用场合的不同分为两大类:一是常规防护装备,即消防员在一般场合进行灭火时,均需佩戴的个人装备。包括消防头盔、消防战斗服、消防靴、消防手套及消防安全带等。二是特殊防护装备,即消防员在高热、严寒、有毒或有放射性污染等特殊场合进行灭火救援作业时所需佩戴的个人装备。包括避火隔热服、防化服、耐寒战斗服及空气呼吸器等。     

新乡市杨岗消防器材厂

济南川捷消防装备有限公司是主要从事专用作业车、消防装备和个人安全防护用品研发、生产、销售的专业公司。该公司自主研发的消防个人防护装备“消防服装自动烘干杀菌机”属全国首创,该产品不仅对消防服装系列中的防化服、避火服、隔热服、防火服、战斗服等具有良好的烘干效果,而且对包括消防靴、防毒面罩在内的消防服装具有臭氧杀菌功能,现已获得国家三项专利。消防服装自动烘干杀菌机已于2005年底通过国家消防装备检测中心检测,并且列入了国家消防产品目录。此外,公司在机动车消防报警及灭火系统、消防作战指挥系统、高效节水轻型消防车…     

智能温控降温背心

1概述 HJW-Y60、HJW-H60智能温控降温背心（见图1）是＂智能温控降温背心的应用研究＂项目研究成果,它是为改善消防一线指战员工作环境和提高工作效率,根据消防员灭火防护服、防化服、避火服及空气呼吸器、氧气呼吸器等常规服装、装备特点,设计研发的一款个人高温热防护装备,填补了国内的空白,可达国际先进水平,共获得7项国家专利授权。     

重型防化服导致热负荷的解决方案

分析在高温环境条件下身穿重型防化服作战的消防员需承受的热负荷过载情况及其对身体机能的负面影响。介绍并分析目前国内外针对热负荷过载问题而采取的防护措施及其优缺点,提出利用航空宇航人体生命保障技术中的人体体温调节控制技术解决消防员本身热负荷问题的技术方案。以1kg冰作为冷源,经循环导管带走热量。测试人员在40℃的房间穿着防化服65min,心率、血压无明显变化,防化服后背测温点温度一直维持在27～29℃。     

抑爆材料的作用

易燃易爆化学危险物品对人类的最大威胁，莫过于因其发生爆炸造成的大量人员伤亡和财产损失，因而能抑制化学危险物品爆炸的材料愈来愈引起人们的关注。早在２０世纪６０年代，美国、加拿大等国即开始了抑爆材料的应用研究，美国于１９８２年颁布了“用于飞机油箱的抑爆网状防护材料”的军用规范。２０世纪 ８０年代末，我国在收集国外资料的基础上，仅用了几年的时间即研制出了合金网状与球状抑爆材料，并且其性能指标完全达到了国际同类产品的先进水平。近年来，该产品已成功地推广应用到国防及民用产品中，对抑制化学危险物品的爆炸，防…     

金属多孔材料在消防技术中的应用

本文简要介绍了金属多孔材料的性能和特点，并论述了其做为隔焰防爆材料、隔热材料、静电防护材料在消防技术上的应用原理、研究现状和发展前景     

Research in Protective Clothing for Firefighters: State of the Art and Future Directions

This paper presents a summary of documented research into protective clothing for firefighters. Particular emphasis is placed on research into estimating the useful life of this clothing and the development of test standards for evaluating its thermal protection. Other areas covered in this review include moisture transfer in clothing, heat stress, design criteria, chemical protective clothing, and heat transfer modeling of protective clothing. Recommendations for future protective clothing research are also presented.     

Comparison of Techniques for Prediction of Mechanical Strength of Firefighters’ Protective Clothing Using Near-Infrared Spectral Data

Fire Technology - As most textile tests are destructive, non-destructive test (NDT) methods are needed to evaluate in-use firefighters’ protective clothing and to provide guidance as to when...     

Personal protective clothing and safety of firefighters near a high intensity fire front

The main objective of this work is the establishment of useful guide lines for secure fighting of high intensity fires, namely the determination of the influence of the personal protective clothing properties on safety during wildland firefighting operations. The physiological reaction of men exposed to these extreme conditions is obtained by numerical simulation of the heat and the mass transfer from an individual in the proximity of a fire line, as representative of a typical situation of a firefighter suppressing a high intensity fire. It is obvious that the impinging flux density depends on flame's dimensions and its properties as well as on the distance between the flame and those involved in fire suppression activities. The results obtained were calculated using a computer program based on a modified version of the Stolwijk thermoregulation model. Taking into account the time evolutions of skin, rectal and hypothalamus temperatures, a parametric study is presented about the importance of clothing properties, activity level and other external parameters in order to avoid the risk of significant undesired thermophysiological reactions within the firefighters. The results clearly show that, besides the improvement of personal protective clothing properties, the safety of firefighters is essentially related to good control of the exposure times to these high intensity radiation fluxes.     

Predicting Mechanical Strength of In-Use Firefighter Protective Clothing Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

The exact lifespan of in-use firefighter protective clothing is difficult to predict due to the large variations in use between individual garments. Furthermore, testing methods used to evaluate new protective clothing are destructive in nature and could not be applied to in-use garments. Various non-destructive techniques have been proposed for the evaluation of in-use clothing, each possessing its own advantages and disadvantages. The ability of near-infrared spectroscopy to predict the tensile strength of thermally aged fabrics used in protective clothing for wildland firefighters and other workers is investigated here. Fabrics were exposed to heat fluxes from 10 kW/m² to 40 kW/m² for various durations using the cone calorimeter, after which the tensile strength of the fabrics was measured. Temperatures measured during the exposures and results of thermal gravimetric analysis tests were used to interpret changes in tensile strength. Multivariate linear regression was used to develop correlations between the tensile strength and the reflectance values measured between 1500 nm and 2500 nm for new and thermally aged fabrics. It was found that models based on reflectance measurements made at as few as three wavelengths could be used to estimate the tensile strength of the thermally aged specimens.     

A Survey of Structural Firefighter Station Wear in the United States

Fire Technology - Structural turnout gear is essential for the safety of firefighters. The station wear, or clothing worn underneath the structural turnout suit, contributes to the thermal...     

Heat Transfer Model of Flame Resistant Fabrics During Cooling After Exposure to Fire

Protective clothing is used in many industries to protect firefighters and other workers from fire and other hazards. While skin burns can occur during a fire, protective fabric temperatures remain high for some time even after a fire ends. Therefore, skin burn injuries can occur during the time in which a fabric is cooling. A heat transfer model has been developed that can predict inherently flame resistant fabric temperatures and skin burn injuries during this cooling phase. This paper describes the heat transfer model, including methods used to calculate the apparent heat capacity and the convection heat transfer coefficient as the fabric cools. The new model has been validated using data from bench top tests of Kevlar®/PBI fabric specimens. Parametric studies using the model demonstrate the importance of selected thermal properties and boundary conditions on fabric temperatures and bench top test results.     

对GB26465—2011《消防电梯制造与安装安全规范》的解读

对GB26465—2011《消防电梯制造与安装安全规范》进行了比较全面的解读。说明了消防员电梯与消防电梯的概念，消防电梯的定义及消防电梯设置范围；对消防电梯制造与安装中的安全要求和防护措施进行了阐述。     

灭火救援现场消防员高温作业研究

通过调查研究,分析得出高温高湿火场环境、高强热辐射、厚重个人防护装备及超大运动量是导致消防员在进行灭火救援作业时身体受高温影响的主要因素。通过问卷调查及对比战斗员与供水员疲劳程度的不同,验证一线灭火高温作业对消防官兵心理及生理的影响。     

Assessment of Factors Affecting the Continuing Performance of Firefighters’ Protective Clothing: A Literature Review

There has been some research into the level of damage and changes to important properties of firefighters’ protective clothing after exposure to conditions such as elevated temperature and ultra violet radiation. However, at this time, the results are not comprehensive enough to develop a standard procedure to estimate the remaining useful life of firefighters’ protective clothing. There is also a need to develop non-destructive techniques to evaluate clothing, for most tests used to evaluate properties of clothing are destructive, and visual cues cannot completely assess the level of deterioration of the properties of thermal protective fabrics. In this paper, major factors that affect the continuing performance of firefighters’ protective clothing and their effects on the service life of the clothing are reviewed. Some non-destructive methods which have been employed in different studies to evaluate the degradation of physical properties of firefighters’ protective clothing are also described, along with statistical and probabilistic methods for estimating the useful life of materials. Suggestions for future research, which will assist fire departments in determining the level of damage to clothing, and estimating its remaining useful life are also discussed.     

消防救援人员创伤后应激障碍影响因素研究

调查研究消防救援人员PTSD 的发生情况及影响因素,为早期发现心理问题及进行心理干预提供依据。研究采用PTSD 筛查表、社会心理学相关问卷和人口学资料对3 624 名上海市消防救援人员进行追踪测查。结果发现：被试人员在应急救援工作中PTSD 症状总发生率为2.90%;被试PCL-5 得分在岗位类别、年龄、工作年限、受教育程度和年出警次数上存在显著差异（p<0.001）;分层回归分析显示,心理弹性、一般自我效能感、职业认同、朋友支持、集体自尊是保护性因素,神经质、开放性人格特质和消极应对方式是危险性因素（p<0.01）。消防救援人员个体易感性因素和社会心理因素会影响PTSD 症状的发生,日常训练中应当开展心理健康教育和心理训练。