委陵菜中黄酮类成分HPLC指纹图谱的研究

目的建立委陵菜药材中黄酮类成分的HPLC指纹图谱分析方法,为委陵菜的科学评价及质量的有效控制提供依据。方法以Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)为色谱柱,流动相为:A乙腈∶0.2%磷酸水溶液(5∶95),B乙腈∶0.2%磷酸水溶液(70∶30),梯度洗脱,流速为1 m L/min,检测波长为320 nm,记录时间80 min,进样量10μL。建立了委陵菜药材的指纹图谱,并对10个不同产地的委陵菜进行了检测。结果通过MATLAB软件进行数据分析,采取峰方式建立委陵菜的HPLC指纹图谱共有模式。建立的委陵菜指纹图谱,共标定了11个共有峰,并通过对照品指认了5个峰分别为芦丁、金丝桃苷、槲皮素、芹菜素和山奈酚;不同批次的委陵菜指纹图谱均有良好的相似度。结论HPLC指纹图谱方法重现性好,可用于委陵菜中黄酮类活性成分的质量控制,为委陵菜质量控制研究提供前期基础。     

山东道地药材全蝎HPLC指纹图谱研究

目的:建立山东道地药材全蝎HPLC指纹图谱,为其质量控制标准的制定提供依据。方法:色谱柱采用美国安捷伦科技公司ZORBAX SB-C18柱,粒度为5μm,4.6×250mm×4.6mm;流动相为乙腈-0.1%磷酸水(非线性梯度洗脱);检测波长210 nm;进样量20μL;柱温:25℃;流速1.0 mL·min-1。结果:建立了山东不同产地10批全蝎的对照指纹图谱,确立19个共有峰,其中以16号色谱峰为内标参照峰,各批次样品的指纹图谱的相似度均大于0.8。结论:该实验方法操作简便,结果准确、可靠、重复性好,可为山东道地药材全蝎的质量控制标准的制定提供有效的依据。     

九味熄风颗粒HPLC指纹图谱及化学成分归属研究

目的：构建九味熄风颗粒的HPLC指纹图谱,获得良好的各色谱分离峰形,获悉其成分归属与含量,准确客观评估九味熄风颗粒的整体质量。方法：采用高效液相色谱法,以Kromasil C₁₈柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)为色谱柱,以乙腈-0.1%磷酸为流动相,梯度洗脱,检测波长225 nm,流速0.5 mL/min,柱温30℃。运用相关软件,以11批次的九味熄风颗粒为研究对象,计算其化学成分指纹图谱的相似度,指认图谱共有峰药材来源,结合飞行时间质谱法检测图谱中的主要化学成分。结果：建立了九味熄风颗粒的HPLC指纹图谱;发现并确定17个具有指纹意义的共有峰,可归属到6味药材,其中6个共有峰得到鉴定;各批次九味熄风颗粒样品指纹图谱与标准指纹图谱相似度均大于0.9。结论：该法准确快速获悉各批次原药材、中间体的成分变化,为合理调配提供试验数据支撑,最大程度保证成品的成分含量及组成比例的一致性。     

胡蜂酒薄层色谱和高效液相色谱法指纹图谱研究

建立了胡蜂酒TLC鉴别方法和HPLC指纹图谱，为其质量控制提供专属性更好的测试方法。以正丁醇-甲酸(体积比50∶1)作为展开系统，展距13 cm,茚三酮试液为显色剂建立薄层色谱图。采用HPLC法，在色谱条件为：AgilentC₁₈(Φ4.6 mm×250 mm, 5μm)色谱柱，乙腈-0.1 mol/L醋酸钠溶液为流动相，梯度洗脱，流速为1.0 mL/min,检测波长为254 nm,柱温30℃建立指纹图谱，采用中药色谱指纹图谱评价系统进行相似度分析，指纹图谱进行主成分分析和聚类分析。研究建立了胡蜂酒的TLC鉴别方法和HPLC指纹图谱，确定19个共有色谱峰，方法学验证结果符合指纹图谱相关要求。结果显示，该方法简单、可靠，可用于胡蜂酒的鉴别和质量控制。     

大青木香乙醇提取物HPLC指纹图谱研究

目的:建立大青木香乙醇提取物的HPLC指纹图谱。方法:采用COSMSIL 5C_(18)-MS-Ⅱ(4.6×250 mm)色谱柱,0.1%甲酸水溶液(A)-乙腈(B)为流动相梯度洗脱,流速1.0 mL/min,检测波长254 nm,柱温25℃,对8批大青木香乙醇提取物进行HPLC指纹图谱研究,采用《中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统》(2012版)进行相似度评价。结果:建立了大青木香乙醇提取物指纹图谱,确定32个共有峰,大青木香乙醇提取物相似度均大于0.90。结论:指纹图谱及相似度评价技术可以作为控制大青木香质量的有效手段。     

多产地何首乌药材质量的HPLC指纹图谱评价研究

建立多产地何首乌药材的HPLC指纹图谱分析方法,为何首乌药材质量控制奠定基础。运用高效液相色谱法(HPLC),采用Reprosil-Pur Basic 100 C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);检测波长为280 nm;柱温25℃;流动相:乙腈-0.1%甲酸水溶液梯度洗脱;流速为1.0 m L/min分析了10批生何首乌药材的HPLC指纹图谱。在此色谱分析条件下通过相似度软件分析确定12个共有峰,可用于不同产地不同批次何首乌药材质量评价。该方法简便、稳定、可靠,可为何首乌药材的质量控制提供科学依据和理论指导。     

民族药云实花HPLC指纹图谱研究

建立贵州省内不同产地民族药云实花的HPLC指纹图谱，并利用系统聚类分析、主成分分析对其质量进行分析评价。采用HPLC法，以SHIMADZU C₁₈色谱柱、流动相甲醇-水梯度洗脱、流速1 mL/min、柱温(25±0.8)℃、波长254 nm进行检测，使用“中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统(2004A版)”建立云实花样品的指纹图谱。建立了云实花样品的指纹图谱，确定了18个共有峰，并指认色谱峰P5(色氨酸)、P6(腺苷)、P7(苯丙氨酸)、P17(Caesalsappanin K)。建立了云实花的指纹图谱，为云实花的质量控制评价提供新的方法。     

山核桃仁鞣质的HPLC指纹图谱研究

建立山核桃仁鞣质的HPLC指纹图谱。以没食子酸为参照物,采用Welchrom C_(18)色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相:0.1%磷酸水溶液(A),甲醇-0.1%磷酸水溶液(V:V=9:1)(B),进行梯度洗脱;流速:0.8 mL·min~(-1);检测波长:220 nm。通过"中药色谱指纹图谱相识度评价系统(2004A版)"评价相似性,进行聚类分析。建立了该药材的HPLC指纹图谱,标定24个共有峰,方法学考察结果均符合要求,不同产地的药材分为四类。该方法稳定可靠,可用于山核桃仁鞣质的质量评价。     

功劳木HPLC指纹图谱与其抗乙酰胆碱酯酶作用的谱效关系研究

目的:考察功劳木甲醇提取物HPLC指纹图谱与其抗乙酰胆碱酯酶的谱效关系。方法:采用Waters XBridge C18色谱柱;以乙腈-0.1%磷酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL/min,检测波长为210 nm;柱温为25℃;进样量为10μL;建立HPLC指纹图谱后,采用中药指纹图谱相似度评价软件进行相似度分析,且采用SPSS16.0进行相关分析和回归分析。结果:通过共有模式分析共得到30个共有峰,且共有峰的相似度结果为0.803～0.956;通过功劳木提取物30个共有峰的峰面积和其抗乙酰胆碱酯酶活性数据进行皮尔逊相关分析,最终得到13个具有显著性相关峰,和对照品比对,成功指认出5个,分别为绿原酸(13号峰),小檗胺(15号峰),四氢药根碱(16号峰),粉防己碱(20号峰),小檗碱(22号峰);此外,通过回归分析得到方程Y=0.428 X22+0.425 X20+0.639;从中可知,峰20(粉防己碱)和峰22(小檗碱)为药效相关峰。结论:通过谱效分析,得到了多个相关峰,其中20号峰(粉防己碱)为功劳木药效相关峰但并未被药典收载,该结果可为功劳木药典标准进行有效补充。     

半枝莲高效液相色谱指纹图谱研究

采用Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),乙腈(A)-水(0.2%磷酸,B)为流动相,梯度洗脱(0~15 min,5%~15%A;15~85 min,15%~35%A),流速1 m L·min-1,检测波长270 nm,柱温25℃,进样量10μL,建立了不同产地半枝莲药材的指纹图谱。其精密度、重现性以及稳定性良好。以野黄芩苷作为对照峰,标定了13个特征峰为其共有峰。采用中药色谱指纹图谱相似度软件进行测评,8份药材的相似度介于0.953~0.768。主成分分析获得2个主要成分,累积贡献率可达80.347%。应用指纹图谱并结合主成分分析,能够准确的评价半枝莲药材的质量。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。