粉末注射成形石蜡基成形剂的脱除工艺

采用两步脱脂法(溶剂脱脂和热脱脂)脱除316L不锈钢粉末注射成形坯中的石蜡基成形剂,对溶剂脱脂工艺和脱脂机理进行研究.结果表明:三氯甲烷、溶剂汽油、四氯化碳3种不同的溶剂中,溶剂汽油具有较优异的脱脂效应:选择合适的温度可提高脱脂效率,注射坯在50℃的溶剂汽油中脱脂5 h,石蜡脱除率可达80%以上,并且坯体形状保持良好....     

Sm(Co,Cu,Fe,Zr)z永磁体注射成形坯溶剂脱脂工艺的研究

本文对Sm(Co0.721Cu0.08Fe0.174Zr0.025)7.5注射成形坯进行了溶剂脱脂实验,通过溶剂、温度、装载量和生坯厚度对脱脂速率的影响,分析了注射坯的溶剂脱脂工艺过程.结果表明在溶剂中添加植物油能有效地抑制脱脂过程中注射坯开裂,并且粘结剂的脱除率可达70%以上;溶剂脱脂的初期主要受扩散反应控制、随着脱脂温度升高和装载量降低,脱脂速率增加,脱脂的后期溶解成为脱脂的主要控制性环节,温度和装载量对脱脂速率的影响与起始阶段相反;注射坯越厚,粘结剂的脱除率越低.     

注射成形钨合金用新型粘结剂的研究

针对形状异常复杂的大钨环和大直径(≥20．00mm)的钨棒在注射成形中存在的问题。综合利用了蜡基粘结剂与油基粘结剂的优点，研究制备一种多组元油 蜡塑料体系改性粘结剂OP3010。研究对比了该种粘结剂与传统蜡基粘结剂和油基粘结剂对注射料流变性、热性能及注射坯脱脂的影响。由此种新型粘结剂组成的注射料具有流变性好、注射工艺稳定、注射压坯强度高、注射温度范围宽、易于脱模等特点，可以成功制备无缺陷的大钨环、大钨棒弹芯材料的注射坯。该粘结剂在溶剂脱脂时脱除速度快，粘结剂脱除量大，可达74％左右。而且脱脂后的毛坯强度高、不变形。可成功实现大钨棒和钨环的脱脂，并制备综合力学性能高的散弹和弹芯材料。     

YG8硬质合金注射成形脱脂工艺的研究

采用传统蜡基和(油+蜡)基改进型两种粘结剂,对粒度为1.97μm的WC-8Co混合粉末注射成形,研究了两种喂料的热脱脂、溶剂脱脂+热脱脂工艺,确定了热脱脂、溶剂脱脂+热脱脂的优化工艺路线。从脱脂速度和脱脂时间、脱脂缺陷和脱脂工艺控制的难易程度等方面比较了两种粘结剂的热脱脂和溶剂脱脂效果。研究了热脱脂温度、时间、不同脱脂方式以及粘结剂组成对脱脂坯碳含量的影响。结果表明,以氢气为脱脂气氛,在450℃以下进行热脱脂可以将有机聚合物完全脱除而且不产生脱碳,溶剂脱脂后再进行热脱脂更有利于控碳和减少脱脂缺陷,而且大大缩短脱脂时间。(油+蜡)基改进型粘结剂在热脱脂和溶剂脱脂时具有更好的脱脂特性。     

440C不锈钢金属注射成形工艺研究

本文探索了440C不锈钢的注射成形工艺,对脱脂、烧结等关键工艺进行了研究,分析了烧结温度对变形的影响.结果表明:采用两步脱脂法可得到无缺陷的脱脂坯;严格控制烧结温度是获得无变形烧结样的关键.合适的440C不锈钢注射成形工艺为:用二氯甲烷溶剂,在37℃脱除坯体中可溶性粘结剂组元,在升温速率为2.0℃/min、最高脱脂温度950℃、保温时间为1h和Ar脱脂气氛条件下脱除坯体中剩余粘结剂;当烧结温度为1 270℃,保温时间为60min时,440C不锈钢样品热处理后的性能为:密度7.24 g/cm3,硬度为50 HRC.     

YG8硬质合金注射成形脱脂工艺的研究

采用传统蜡基粘结剂和（油＋蜡）基改进粘结剂两种粘结剂，对粒度为1．97μm的WC-8Co混合粉末注射成形，研究了两种喂料的热脱脂、溶剂脱脂＋热脱脂工艺，确定了热脱脂、溶剂脱脂十热脱脂的优化工艺曲线。从脱脂速度和脱脂时间、脱脂缺陷和脱脂工艺控制的难易程度等方面比较了两种粘结剂的热脱脂和溶剂脱脂效果。研究了热脱脂温度、时间不同脱脂方式以及粘结剂组成对脱脂坯碳含量的影响。结果表明，以氢气为脱脂气氛，在450℃以下进行热脱脂可以将有机聚合物完全脱除而且不产生脱碳，溶剂脱脂后再进行热脱脂更有利于控碳和减少脱脂缺陷，而且大大缩短脱脂时间。（油＋蜡）基改进粘结剂在热脱脂和溶剂脱脂时具有更好的脱脂特性。     

增塑粉末挤压成形用新成形剂的研制

研制出了一种适用于增塑粉末挤压成形技术的新成形剂体系。通过优化成形剂配方设计与制备方式及工艺条件，制得了性能优良、分布均匀的成形剂。研究了成形剂的热脱脂机理，考察了成形剂的挤压、脱脂特性。用新开发出的成形剂制备出了高质量的大直径硬质合金挤压棒。     

新成形剂中低分子量组分的热脱脂研究

对硬质合金挤压棒中新成剂低分子量组分的热脱脂行为及其机理进行了研究，脱脂温度达２４０℃时，其低分子量组分基本脱除完毕，剩下的约５％（重量比）与离分子共聚物组分一起要在更高的温度下才能脱除。绝大部分低分子量给分在成形剂中以单独相存在，而只有约５％与共聚物互溶，成为另一相。     

脱脂工艺对注射成形钼合金碳含量的影响

采用粉末注射成形技术制备钼合金坯体,研究溶剂脱脂和热脱脂工艺对注射坯中碳含量的影响.结果表明,溶剂脱脂率随温度升高而增大,随坯体厚度增加而减小;热脱脂坯的碳含量和热脱脂的升温速率、坯体厚度和保温工艺密切相关.随升温速率加快,或坯体尺寸增大,热脱脂后坯体的碳含量增多;在400～550℃保温1h,碳含量急剧降低;采用多步保温能较大程度地降低热脱脂坯的碳含量,最低降至0.059％.脱脂坯中一部分热分解碳以游离态形式存在,另一部分热分解碳和钼颗粒发生反应生成钼的碳化物.     

微晶蜡基WC–10Co注射成形喂料的流变性能及溶剂脱脂行为

以微晶蜡为粘结剂主要组元,与WC–10Co（YG10）粉末密炼混合,得到注射成形喂料。通过线性拟合计算出喂料的非牛顿指数、粘流活化能和综合流变学因子,考察不同温度与剪切速率下喂料的流变性能。对成形坯体在不同温度下于不同脱脂溶剂中的失重进行分析,考察坯体的溶剂脱脂动力学行为。结果表明,微晶蜡基喂料呈现假塑性流体的剪切稀化特征,对剪切速率和温度的敏感性较为稳定,综合流变性能良好。可溶性粘结剂组元的脱除主要发生在脱脂前期,由扩散所控制,且随着坯体厚度和体积的减小及脱脂温度的升高,扩散系数增大。     

In situ dimensional change,mass loss and mechanisms for solvent debinding of powder injection moulded components

Abstract

Dimensional change during solvent debinding is linked to defects such as cracking and slumping in powder injection moulded components. Owing to the delicate condition of the compact during debinding, considerable difficulty exists in determining the magnitude and cause of swelling or shrinkage. Previous studies of this dimensional change have used measurement techniques involving contact or force on the sample, which may alter the behaviour. This study observes in situ dimensional change during solvent debinding using a non-contact laser dilatometer. Dimensional change was investigated for iron and stainless steel powder injection moulded bars with wax-polymer binders. The effects of solvent temperature, paraffin wax content, paraffin wax density, particle size and solids loading were analysed. Comparisons between the dimensional change and mass loss observations during solvent debinding suggest a relationship between the two phenomena based on soluble polymer swelling.     

Fe-2Ni注射成形的溶剂脱脂

对石蜡-油-聚烯烃粘结剂溶剂脱脂相关问题进行了研究,包括溶剂和聚合物种类对脱脂过程的影响,以及脱脂坯强度、脱脂后干燥、溶剂回收等,结果表明:用二氯甲烷作溶剂,脱脂速率高于三氯甲烷;温度升高,溶剂脱脂速率增加,脱脂速率可达到2mm/h;乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)作聚合物组分,溶剂脱脂后开裂,这与EVA在溶剂中溶胀率较大有关;坯块强度随脱脂进行而降低;石蜡-油在溶剂中累积使脱速率有所降低,可通过蒸馏方法使溶剂回收,回收率可超过95％(质量分数)。     

Length change and deformation of powder injection-molded compacts during solvent debinding

Solvent debinding is one of the processes widely adopted by the powder injection molding industry. Despite the inherent advantages of short debinding cycles, the low temperature employed, and the low investment in processing equipment, dimensional control is still a challenge to the further promotion of this technology. The objective of this study was to investigate the causes of the tolerance-control problems by measuring the in-situ dimensional change and deformation behavior of powder injection-molded (PIM) specimens during debinding, using a self-designed laser dilatometer. Swelling and sagging were found when compacts were immersed in the solvent. Three major factors were found to be responsible for the expansion of the specimens: dissolution of soluble binder into the solvent, reaction between the insoluble binder and solvent, and thermal expansion due to the temperature rise from the solvent bath. The amounts of expansion and sagging were related to the thickness of the sample, the amount of the binder, and the temperature employed. These in-situ measurements on the dimensional change help explain how defects such as slumping, cracking, and distortion come about during debinding and provide some guidelines in selecting processing parameters and in designing binder compositions.     

粉末注射成形蜡基粘结剂溶剂脱脂行为研究

以YG8硬质合金为实验对象,研究了蜡基粘结剂注射成形生坯的溶剂脱脂行为,考察了时间、温度、生坯形状、厚度、表面积、粉末装载率和液固比对脱脂速率的影响,分析讨论了各因素影响脱脂速率的原因.结果表明:溶剂脱脂速率随温度升高而升高,随时间的延长而降低;脱脂初期扩散是控制性环节,温度是影响反应速率的主要因素,脱脂后期溶解成为控制性环节,浓度差减为影响反应速率的主要因素;液固比越大,脱脂速率越快,粘结剂最终脱除率越高;生坯粉末装载率越高,脱脂速率越慢,粘结剂最终脱除率越低;生坯形状对脱脂速率影响表现为样品厚度和表面积的影响,回归分析表明,脱脂速率与生坯表面积成正比,与生坯厚度的平方成反比.     

脱脂与烧结工艺对WC-6Co-1TaC硬质合金显微结构与性能的影响

采用“溶剂脱脂+烧结”方法制备WC-6Co-1TaC硬质合金;研究了在同一烧结工艺下不同溶剂脱脂率对合金显微结构与性能的影响;以及在相同或相近的溶剂脱脂率下不同烧结工艺对合金显微结构与性能的影响;实验结果表明:高的溶剂脱脂率有利于获得更高性能的合金,溶剂脱脂率为41%的脱脂坯经烧结工艺A后较脱脂率为38%的试样抗弯强度提高16%,渗碳程度减轻,孔隙减小;烧结时在低温热脱脂阶段延长保温时间有利于残余粘结剂的排除和高温阶段通过进一步延长抽真空时间净化炉内气氛可以减轻渗碳程度从而提高合金性能。溶剂脱脂率为41%经烧结工艺B后制备的合金较经烧结工艺A制备的合金强度提高17%,达1684 MPa。     

Debinding variables affecting the residual carbon content of injection-molded Fe-2 Pct Ni steels

Kinetic factors of carbon control during debinding, including debinding atmosphere, debinding gas flow rate, debinding time, and debinding route, were investigated in this study. Compared with one-stage thermal debinding, solvent partial debinding, combined with a subsequent short thermal cycle and controlled process variables, was capable of achieving a wide-range residual carbon content without introducing macrodefects. A maximum residual carbon content (0.742 wt Pct) was attained using a mixed gas of 40 Pct hydrogen in nitrogen as the debinding atmosphere, and a residual carbon content less than 200 ppm was achieved using either nitrogen or hydrogen alone as the debinding atmosphere. Extending the debinding time or increasing the debinding gas flow rate resulted in loss of carbon.