时效对Cu-Ni-Si-P合金组织和性能的影响

研究了时效温度和时效时间对Cu-Ni-Si-P合金组织和性能的影响。结果表明:合金先经900℃固溶,再经不同冷变形后时效,当变形量为80%、时效温度达到450℃、时效2 h后,其显微硬度达到220 HV,导电率达到41%IACS,与未经预冷变形的合金时效相比,合金能获得较高的显微硬度与导电率。Cu-Ni-Si-P合金在较短时间时效时,析出相细小弥散分布。利用高分辨技术观察该合金在450℃时效48 h的析出相形貌,通过计算发现:析出相与基体之间保持着良好的共格关系,并通过对其进行标定,发现析出相为Ni2Si和Ni3P。     

Cu-Ni-Si-P合金高温热变形行为研究

通过计算机绘制了Cu-Ni-Si-P合金热加工图,研究了不同热加工参数下合金的热变形行为。结果表明,Cu-Ni-Si-P铜合金最佳的热加工参数为:变形温度750⁸00℃,应变速率0.01800℃,应变速率0.01⁰.10/s。     

TiNbZr合金在热处理过程中的微观组织和力学性能

TiNbZr合金由真空自耗电弧炉熔炼.研究了固溶,时效处理对该合金的微观组织和力学性能的影响.结果显示,当合金固溶处理1 h后在300和350℃时效处理时,合金的抗拉强度高达1000 MPa.当固溶后的合金在400和450℃时效处理时,出现α相.时效时间对α相的析出有重要的作用.当合金在400℃时效处理9 h后,抗拉强度为850 MPa,延伸率也保持在11%左右.     

Microstructure Characterization and Corrosion Properties of Nitrocarburized AISI 4140 Low Alloy Steel

Plasma nitrocarburizing treatments of AISI 4140 low alloy steel have been carried out in a gas mixture of 85% N₂-12% H₂-3% CO₂. All treatments were performed for 5 h at a chamber pressure of 4 mbar. Different treatment temperatures varying from 520 to 620 °C have been used to investigate the effect of treatment temperature on the corrosion and hardness properties and also microstructure of the plasma nitrocarburized steel. Scanning electron and optical microscopy, x-ray diffraction, microhardness measurement, and potentiodynamic polarization technique in 3.5% NaCl solution were used to study the treated surfaces. The results revealed that plasma nitrocarburizing at temperatures below 570 °C can readily produce a monophase ε compound layer. The compound layer formed at 620 °C is composed of two sub-layers and is supported by an austenite zone followed by the diffusion layer. The thickest diffusion layer was related to the sample treated at 620 °C. Microhardness results showed a reduction of surface hardness with increasing the treatment temperature from 520 to 620 °C. It has also been found that with increasing treatment temperature from 520 to 545 °C the corrosion resistance increases up to a maximum and then decreases with further increasing treatment temperature from 545 to 620 °C.     

Characterization of Microstructure of Permanent Mold Cast Zinc Alloy ZA27

The microstructure of permanent mold cast zinc alloy ZA27 was examined by SEM and TEM after natural aging for 18 months. It was found that the primary α‘ phase, peritectic and eutectic β phases all decomposed into the equilibrium well-formed α η lamellae or irregular α η structure through cellular reaction. The cell colonies nucleated on the interdendritic eutectic η layer and grew into the primary dendrites, thus first making the β phase in the dendrite edges decompose, and then the α‘ phase in the dendrite cores. The products from the α‘ phase appeared in regular lamellae rather than irregular particles. In addition, a fine, dense transitional phase α‘m containing 27.8 mass% AI, with a fcc crystal structure and lattice parameter of about 0.4013nm, formed in α lamellae. Copper was preferentially concentrated in Zn-rich η phase and existed in the form of Cu-rich ε phase (CuZn4) particles, with hcp crystal structure and parameters a=0.274nm,c=0.429nm and c/a=1.567.     

连续铸造Ag-28Cu合金的组织形貌表征

采用连续铸造技术制备了Ag-28Cu合金棒材,用金相显微镜(OM)与扫描电镜(SEM)对其组织形貌进行了分析表征。结果表明,Ag-28Cu连铸合金的组织均为典型的三区结构:细等轴晶区、柱状晶区和中心的等轴晶区,在铸锭中还散落着形貌清晰、形态规整的白色枝晶。     

Characterization of Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and Formability of Cryorolled AA5083 Alloy Sheets

In this work, microstructure, mechanical properties and formability of cryorolled and annealed AA5083 alloy sheets have been characterized and a comparison has been made with cold rolled and annealed sheets. Five-millimeter-thick sheets of this alloy were cryorolled in multiple passes to a final thickness of 1 mm (80% reduction with a true strain of 1.6). Effect of annealing time and temperature on hardness has been studied, and it has been found that a short annealing at 275 °C for 15 min after cryorolling would yield a good combination of strength and ductility. Microstructural investigations showed that the cryorolled and short annealed samples possess bimodal grain structure which is responsible for better mechanical properties than cold rolled sheets. From the experimentally determined forming limit diagrams, the limit strains of cryorolled sheets have been found to be almost equal to conventional cold rolled and annealed sheets in all modes of deformation. No major differences have been found in strain distribution also. This work clearly demonstrates that cryorolling of AA5083 alloy sheets followed by a short annealing with bimodal grain structure can be used for sheet metal forming applications with higher strength and toughness than conventional sheets without any reduction in formability.     

激光熔敷铜合金的组织特征及结晶过程分析

在ＺＬ１０４铝合金表面激光敷铜基混合粉末体系（质量分数ω（％）：１６．２Ｎｉ,８－。Ｃｏ,６．０Ｆｅ,６．０Ｍｏ,３．５Ｓｉ,１．Ｃｒ,余为Ｃｕ）制得高硬度铜基涂层。激光熔敷快速凝固过程中,合金中富Ｍｏ、Ｆｅ、Ｃｏ等元素的高粘点相通过偏晶反应无析出使得铜基合金背散射电子像明显地分为白色区和灰色区。部分歼余合金元素垢高熔点相随后的凝固过程中析出,形成大量弥散分布的细小颗粒。铜基合金涂层的组织具有快速     

取向Galfenol合金的结构与磁致伸缩应变

采用非自耗真空电弧熔炼方式制备了不同Ga含量的Fe100-XGaX(X=17、19)合金铸锭,利用定向凝固的方法试验研究了取向多晶Fe-Ga合金的结构与磁致伸缩应变。研究发现,采用定向凝固工艺制备的Fe83Ga17合金试样沿轴向呈现出明显的{110}织构特征。在低场下不同成分两种试样的磁致伸缩随磁场的增加迅速增大,在磁场强度大约为40 kA/m时Fe83Ga17合金的磁致伸缩λ达到饱和,为55×10-6。Ga含量为19%的定向凝固试样沿轴向取向性有所降低,晶粒中存在很多的亚晶界。富Ga相的析出和亚晶界的出现不利于磁致伸缩性能的提高。     

Al-Mg-Sc合金的组织和性能

针对飞机战伤抢修和日常维修工作发展的要求，自行研制了具有高的综合力学性能的Al-5Mg-0．3Sc板材，利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜等分析手段研究了Sc对Al-Mg合金组织、性能的影响规律。试验研究表明：添加质量分数为0．3％的Sc的Al-Mg合金铸态组织得到显著细化，枝晶组织在相当程度上得到消除；Al-5Mg-0．3Sc的力学性能和2A12（LY12）的力学性能相当，而Al-5Mg-0．3Sc比2A12有较高的抗海水腐蚀能力；Al-5Mg-0．3Sc板材可以替代2A12板材作为飞机损伤铝合金结构板材的修复材料。     

Galfenol合金的显微组织和磁致伸缩性能

采用非自耗真空电弧熔炼方式制备了不同Ga含量条件下的Fe100-xGax(X-16、19、21、27)合金铸锭,系统研究了不同成分合金铸锭的显微组织结构和磁致伸缩性能.结果发现,铸态Fe-Ga合金室温基本结构为无序的bcc结构,随着Ga原子含量的增加,立方晶格的晶格常数逐渐增加.富Ga相的数量和分布直接影响着铸态合金的磁致伸缩性能,Fe81 Ga19合金的饱和磁致伸缩最大,达到93×10-6,Fe19Ga21合金由于在26.64°附近存在(111)面有序DO3相的析出,进一步抑制了磁致伸缩性能的提高,其饱和磁致伸缩最小只有20×10-6.铸态多晶Fe84Ga16合金沿<110>方向具有一定的择优取向,因偏离<100>易磁化方向,因此其磁致伸缩系数较低. 构和磁致伸缩性能.结果发现,铸态Fe-Ga合金室温基本结构为无序的bcc结构,随着Ga原子含量的增加,立方晶格的晶格常数逐渐增加.富Ga相的数量和分布直接影响着铸态合金的磁致伸缩性能,Fe81 Ga19合金的饱和磁致伸缩最大,迭到93×10-6,Fe19Ga21合金由于在26.64°附近存在(111)面有序DO3相的析出,进一步抑制了磁致伸缩性能的提高,其饱和 致伸缩最小只有20×10-6.铸态多晶Fe84Ga16合金沿<110>方     

钛合金表面激光熔覆钴基复合涂层的组织和性能

利用横流CO2激光器在钛合金表面制备出原位自生TiB体系陶瓷颗粒增强Co基复合材料涂层,以改善常规材料表面综合使用性能。采用XRD、SEM、EPMA等手段对复合涂层进行研究。结果表明：涂层中原位合成的TiB2和TiB陶瓷相均匀分布在γ-Co基合金涂层中。涂层内枝晶组织细小均匀,枝晶内和枝晶间存在明显的组织和成分差异。涂层显微硬度比基体显著提高,约为基体的3倍,同时耐磨性也得到显著改善     

热压烧结制备钛基合金TiAl+Ti及其显微结构

在1473 K,30 MPa,1.5 h的热压条件下直接烧结TiAl金属间化合物和Ti混合粉末,制备了钛基合金(TiAl+Ti)样品,采用XRD、SEM研究了2种不同成分配比对烧结产物相组成及显微结构的影响。结果表明,不同成分配比热压烧结体的显微组织分布相差较大,但相组成基本相同;对于TiAl和Ti体积比7:3的钛基合金样品,Ti粉末中Fe元素易于固溶到Ti_2Al和Ti_3Al中,析出相主要由TiAl、Ti_2Al(Fe)、Ti_3Al(Fe)和富Ti相组成;该比例的混合粉末在热压烧结过程中发生了不同程度的扩散反应,最终形成了组织渐变的Ti/Ti_3Al(Fe)//Ti_2Al(Fe)/TiAl显微结构。     

AZ91 镁合金表面Ce-Mn 转化膜组织及性能表征

室温下,在AZ91 镁合金表面制备Ce-Mn 复合转化膜,通过单因素实验研究了Ce(NO3 )3 浓度和KMnO4 浓度对转化膜耐腐蚀性能的影响,确定了较佳的浓度配比。分析了转化膜的结构及组成,通过交流阻抗谱,研究了Ce-Mn 对基体镁合金的防护机制。结果表明:Ce-Mn 转化膜为非晶态物相结构,膜层主要由铈、锰和少量镁的氧化物或氢氧化物组成,Ce-Mn 转化膜可对镁合金起到较好的防护作用。     

Cu-Ni-Si-P合金的动态再结晶

在Gleeble-1500D热模拟实验机上,在应变速率为0.01～5 /s、变形温度为600～800 ℃条件下,采用高温等温压缩实验对Cu-2.0Ni-0.5Si-0.03P合金的流变应力行为进行研究。结果表明：热模拟实验中,应变速率和变形温度的变化强烈地影响合金流变应力的大小,流变应力随变形温度升高而降低,随应变速率提高而增大;在应变温度为750和800 ℃时,合金热压缩变形流变应力出现明显的峰值应力,表现为连续动态再结晶特征。从流变应力、应变速率和温度的相关性,得出该合金热压缩变形时的热变形激活能和本构方程。     

Cu-Ni-Si-P合金动态再结晶行为

利用Gleeble-1500D热模拟试验机,采用高温等温压缩试验,对Cu-2.0Ni-0.5Si-0.03P合金在应变速率为0.01～5 s-1、变形温度为600～800℃、最大变形程度为60%条件下的动态冉结晶行为以及组织转变进行了研究.利用加工硬化率和应变(θ-ε)的关系曲线确定了该合金发生动态再结晶的形变条件为T≥700℃.根据σ-ε曲线确定了不同变形条件下该合金的动态再结晶的体积分数,利用该体积分数建立了该合金的动态再结晶动力学数学模型.该合金动态再结晶的显微组织受变形速率的影响,在变形速率较低时,晶体内有较多的再结晶晶粒;而在较高应变速率下,合金几乎没有发生动态再结晶.     

银钇合金组织研究

采用真空感应炉熔炼制备Ag-9.89%Y二元合金棒,借助金相显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪和电子探针研究分析合金的铸态组织特征。结果表明,Ag-Y合金中存在块状和方形环状的初生Ag51Y14化合物相,以初生Ag51Y14相为中心形成向四周发散呈鱼鳞状交替分布的共晶组织。初生Ag51Y14相中的钇含量高于共晶Ag51Y14相。初生Ag51Y14相边界局部直接生长出共晶组织,局部围绕银固溶体组织,环状初生Ag51Y14组织里侧和外侧组织结构相似。共晶组织片层细小,平行生长方向组织呈层片状,垂直生长方向组织呈点状,2种区域含有相同的银和钇含量。     

Additive Manufacturing of AlSi10Mg Alloy Using Direct Energy Deposition: Microstructure and Hardness Characterization

This paper aims to study the manufacturing of the AlSi10Mg alloy with direct energy deposition (DED) process. Following fabrication, the macro- and microstructural evolution of the as-processed specimens was initially investigated using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Columnar dendritic structure was the dominant solidification feature of the deposit; nevertheless, detailed microstructural analysis revealed cellular morphology near the substrate and equiaxed dendrites at the top end of the deposit. Moreover, the microstructural morphology in the melt pool boundary of the deposit differed from the one in the core of the layers. The remaining porosity of the deposit was evaluated by Archimedes’ principle and by image analysis of the polished surface. Crystallographic texture in the deposit was also assessed using electron backscatter diffraction and x-ray diffraction analysis. The dendrites were unidirectionally oriented at an angle of ~80° to the substrate. EPMA line scans were performed to evaluate the compositional variation and elemental segregation in different locations. Eventually, microhardness (HV) tests were conducted in order to study the hardness gradient in the as-DED-processed specimen along the deposition direction. The presented results, which exhibited a deposit with an almost defect free structure, indicate that the DED process can suitable for the deposition of Al-Si-based alloys with a highly consolidated structure.     

Zr-C过共晶合金的显微组织

采用SEM和XRD对Zr-C过共晶合金的显微组织进行了研究。低倍下Zr-C过共晶合金的显微组织为在α-Zr基体上分布着树枝晶状和颗粒状的ZrC,而不是在共晶组织基体上分布着ZrC先共晶相。在高倍下树枝晶状的ZrC呈层片状结构。背散射电子相表明,ZrC层片间存在α-Zr。     

Al-Pb-Si-Sn-Cu轴瓦合金的微观结构及特征

采用机械合金化、冷压与热挤压法制备了Al-15％Pb-4％Si—1％Sn—1．5％Cu(质量分数，％)轴瓦合金。试验结果表明，块体材料的组织分布很均匀。Pb粒子细小均匀弥散分布在Al基体上，呈纳米晶粒。Al基体晶粒大小约1．2μm，在其晶界和晶粒内都有粒子析出。在Al基体上还分布着由非晶和亚微米晶粒构成的混合相。研究表明，该工艺是制备Al-Pb系列轴瓦合金的较佳方法；并为制备室温不互溶、高温存在很宽固溶间隙、有较大密度差异的合金组元且组织均匀的合金奠定了工艺基础。