Low-Voltage Magnetoelectric Coupling in Fe0.5Rh0.5/0.68PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3-0.32PbTiO3 Thin-Film Heterostructures

The rapid development of computing applications demands novel low-energy consumption devices for information processing. Among various candidates, magnetoelectric heterostructures hold promise for meeting the required voltage and power goals. Here, a route to low-voltage control of magnetism in 30 nm Fe_0.5Rh_0.5/100 nm 0.68PbMg_1/3Nb_2/3O₃-0.32PbTiO₃ (PMN-PT) heterostructures is demonstrated wherein the magnetoelectric coupling is achieved via strain-induced changes in the Fe_0.5Rh_0.5 mediated by voltages applied to the PMN-PT. We describe approaches to achieve high-quality, epitaxial growth of Fe_0.5Rh_0.5 on the PMN-PT films and, a methodology to probe and quantify magnetoelectric coupling in small thin-film devices via studies of the anomalous Hall effect. By comparing the spin-flop field change induced by temperature and external voltage, the magnetoelectric coupling coefficient is estimated to reach ≈7 × 10⁻⁸ s m⁻¹ at 325 K while applying a −0.75 V bias.     

Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.3PbTiO3单晶紫外可见近红外光学性质

通过温度依赖的透射和反射光谱研究了在准同型相界附近的Pb(Mg_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O_3-0.3PbTiO_3(PMN-0.3PT)单晶光学性质.这种禁带宽度随温度范围不同变化规律不同现象,揭示了PMN-PT单晶温度依赖的复杂相结构.禁带宽度Eg在303 K是3.25 e V,临界点Ea是3.93 e V,临界点Eb是4.65 e V,它们随着温度的上升而下降,在453 K禁带宽度Eg是3.05 eV,临界点Ea是3.57 eV,临界点Eb是4.56 eV.这三个跃迁能量Eg、Ea、Eb分别对应从O 2p到Ti d、Ni d、Pb 6p轨道跃迁.它们随温度上升而下降的变化规律可以用晶格热膨胀和电子声子相互作用理论来解释.通过Tauc-Lorentz色散模型拟合得到了303 K到453 K温度范围的Pb(Mg_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O3-0.3PbTiO_3单晶光学常数及其随温度的变化规律,发现折射率n随着温度的升高而升高.     

0—3型压电陶瓷－聚合物复合材料的乘积性质

提出０—３型压电陶瓷－聚合物复合材料具有乘积性质，并基于复合材料的串联和并联模型进行了理论分析。分析表明，０—３型压电陶瓷－聚合物复合材料产生最大乘积效应的必要条件为两组元的体积分数约０．５左右。作为实例，分析了ＰＺＴ－ＰＶＤＦ、ＴＧＳ－ＰＶＤＦ和ＢＴ－ＰＶＤＦ热释电复合材料的实验结果，发现了增强热释电效应，实验结果与理论预测相符合     

（英）弛豫铁电0.74Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.26PbTiO3薄膜的微结构和光学性能

采用磁控溅射法,选用LaNi O3作为缓冲层,在硅基片上制备出了0.74Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.26PbTiO3弛豫铁电薄膜.研究了沉积温度对薄膜的微结构和光学性能的影响.其中,沉积温度为500oC时制备的薄膜,不仅具有纯的钙钛矿结构,高度(110)择优取向、致密、无裂纹的形貌、而且具有最大的剩余极化,大小为17.2μC/cm2.使用柯西模型进行拟合反射谱,分析得到薄膜的折射率和消光系数.在波长为633 nm时,500oC沉积的薄膜的折射率大小为2.41.另外,薄膜的光学带隙在2.97～3.22 eV范围内.并初步讨论了这些薄膜的光学性能的差异.     

Pb（Mg1／3Nb2／3）O3—PbTiO3的介电,弹性,压电和热电性质

研究了准同型相界附近组分的Ｐｂ（Ｍｇ１／３Ｎｂ２／３）Ｏ３－ＰｂＴｉＯ３铁电晶体〈００１〉方向的介电、弹性、压电和热电性质。室温时压电应变常数ｄ３３约为８００ｐＣ／Ｎ。在２００Ｋ～３６０Ｋ的温度范围内,机电耦合系数ｋｔ约为０．５３,近似为一常数。而压电应力常数ｅ３３和热释电系数ｐ３随着温度的上升而单调地增大,弹性刚度常数ｃＤ３３却逐渐减小。其铁电相变的弥散性程度很高,介电临界指数γ为１．８８。     

半化学法制备钨镁酸铅-钛酸铅陶瓷

采用半化学法制备了纯钙钛矿结构的0.50 Pb(Mg1/2W1/2)O3-0.50 PbTiO3 (0.50 PMW-0.50 PT)陶瓷。以醋酸镁代替传统氧化物混合法中的MgO,提高了MgO的分散性和反应活性,能够有效地促进钙钛矿相0.50 PMW-0.50 PT的形成和抑制钨酸铅的存在。随着预烧温度的提高,0.50 PMW-0.5 0PT粉体的钙钛矿相含量增加,当预烧温度为850℃和保温时间为2 h时其钙钛矿含量达到100%;随着烧结温度的提高,0.50PMW-50PT陶瓷的晶粒尺寸增大,而陶瓷的介电常数先增大后减小,介电损耗先减小后稍微增大。0.50 PMW-0.50 PT陶瓷的最佳烧结条件为1 050℃,2 h,最大相对介电常数为7 606。     

Long‐Range Nonvolatile Electric Field Effect in Epitaxial Fe/Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)0.7Ti0.3O3 Heterostructures

One of the ideal candidates of using electric field to manipulate magnetism is the recently developed multiferroics with emergent coupling of magnetism and electricity, particularly in synthesizing artificial nanoscale ferroelectric and ferromagnetic materials. Here, a long‐range nonvolatile electric field effect is investigated in Fe/Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)_0.7Ti_0.3O₃ heterostructure using the dependence of the magnon‐driven magnetoelectric coupling on the epitaxial Fe thin film (4–30 nm) thickness at room temperature using measurements based on the ferromagnetic resonance. The magnon‐driven magnetoelectric coupling tuning of the ferromagnetic resonance field shows a linear response to the electric field, with a resonance field shift that occurs under both positive and negative remanent polarizations, and demonstrates nonvolatile behavior. Moreover, the spin diffusion length of the epitaxial Fe thin film of ≈9 nm is obtained from the results that the change of the cubic magnetocrystalline anisotropy field under different electric fields varies with Fe thickness. These results are promising for the design of future multiferroic devices.     

Diffuse Phase Transition and Electrical Conductivity of Pb(Ca1/3Nb2/3)O3

The lead-based relaxor ceramic Pb(Ca_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃ was prepared by two-step solid-state reaction. The material stabilizes in the orthorhombic phase with refined lattice parameters a = 3.4814 Å, b = 12.9480 Å, and c = 14.2483 Å. The scanning electron micrograph is indicative of heterogeneous grain distribution with average grain size ~0.8–2.0 μm. The temperature-dependent dielectric response has a broad peak at 233.5°C (at 1 kHz, ε′ = 14523). A frequency-dependent shift toward higher temperature with increasing frequency is attributed to relaxor behaviour. Deviation from the Curie–Weiss law is observed at temperatures higher than the temperature, T _m, at which the dielectric constant is maximum. The modified Curie–Weiss law was used to fit the dielectric data; the results were indicative of almost complete diffuse phase transition characteristics. The dielectric relaxation obeys the Vogel–Fulcher relationship with freezing temperature T _f = 214.1°C, activation energy E _a = 0.16 eV, and relaxation frequency ν ₀ = 3.4 × 10⁷ Hz. Electrical conduction is mainly attributed to the hopping mechanism.     

Pb(Mg_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O_3弛豫铁电晶体的生长形貌和生长机理

以PbO作助熔剂采用高温溶液法生长出Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3弛豫铁电晶体,利用X线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析了晶体相结构和生长形貌。研究结果表明,采用高温溶液法生长出纯钙钛矿相结构的Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3弛豫铁电晶体,晶体多为淡黄色,较小的呈赝立方形态,较大晶体逐渐趋于不规则形态,最大尺寸达4mm×4mm×3mm。晶体中存在位错蚀坑和PbO包裹等生长缺陷,生长过程中的温度波动和成分起伏等因素导致这些缺陷的出现。晶体{100}面生长速率最慢能成为热力学上稳定存在的自然显露晶面,晶体的生长机制为二维成核层状生长。     

化学镀镍对铌镁酸铅多层瓷介电容器的影响

研究了化学镀镍对铌镁酸铅多层瓷介电容器的影响及其机理。结果表明，化学镀镍以后许多样品因其绝缘电阻严重下降、介电损耗大幅度增加而失效。通过对比实验发现，这些样品的失效不是由于镀液的渗透引起的，而是与化学镀镍过程中的化学反应有关。提出了化学镀镍过程中产生的氢原子还原铌镁酸铅陶瓷的观点。经过一定温度的氧化热处理，失效样品的性能可以得到恢复。     

钙钛矿型铌锌酸铅陶瓷材料合成及其性能

用Ｘ射线衍射和差热分析研究了铌锌酸铅Ｐｂ〔（Ｚｎ０．７Ｍｇ０．３）１／３Ｎｂ２／３〕Ｏ３陶瓷材料普通合成法和两种铌铁矿先驱体合成法的合成机理。研究表明，该材料的合成过程中，首先生成焦绿石相然后在较高温度生成钙钛矿相，先驱体法可以明显抑制焦绿石相的生成并使其反应温度向高温推迟，从而可以明显提高钙钛矿的产率。而简单先驱体法（ＰｂＯ＋ＺＮ＋ＭＮ）比复合先驱体法（ＰｂＯ＋ＺＭＮ）具有更好的合成效果。采用简单先驱体法通过合适的合成工艺可以制得钙钛矿含量大于９５％的Ｐｂ〔（Ｚｎ０．７Ｍｇ０．３）１／３Ｎｂ２／３〕Ｏ３陶瓷材料，其介电温谱具有明显的弥散性，为无序铁电陶瓷材料。研究发现，差热分析作为判断焦绿石和钙钛矿反应温度的重要依据，可以用于铌锌酸铅系陶瓷材料钙钛矿的合成研究。     

MnO2掺杂Bi(Mg1/2Ti1/2)O3-0.38PbTiO3陶瓷的介电压电性能研究

研究了不同MnO2含量掺杂对Bi(Mg1/2Ti1/2)O3-0.38PbTiO3压电陶瓷结构和介电压电性能的影响.随着MnO2掺杂量增加,试样的三方相结构特征越来越明显,压电性能明显下降,居里温度附近介电常数εm明显降低;同时,当测试温度大于100℃后,MnO2掺杂试样介电损耗整体明显降低,说明适量的MnO2掺杂能提高BMT-0.38PT陶瓷在高温下的性能稳定性.     

复合先驱体法制备铅镁锰锑铌系压电陶瓷材料

采用复合先驱体法制备了Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)a(Mn1/3Nb2/3)b(Mn1/3Sb2/3)cZrdTieO3(PMMSN) 铅镁锰锑铌多元系中温烧结压电陶瓷材料。结果表明,相同合成条件下,三组元复合先驱体法和六组元复合先驱体法比四组元复合先驱体法制得样品的钙钛矿相含量更高,在700℃即可得到单纯钙钛矿相材料,且复合先驱体法具有比单一先驱体法(二组元)工艺更加简单、成本更加低廉的优势。性能测试结果表明,三组元复合先驱体法制成样品的性能最佳。1 100℃烧结样品的性能参数:Qm为1 916,kp为0.56,r为1 349,d33为326,tg为0.43?02,可以满足超声马达和压电变压器等应用方面的要求。     

铅镁锰锑铌多元系压电陶瓷材料

采用先驱体法制备了Pb(Mg_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))_A(Mn_(1/3)Nb_2/3))_B(Mm_(1/3)Sb_(2/3))_CZr_DTi_EO_3(PMMSN)铅镁锰锑铌多元系中温压电陶瓷材料。从XRD图谱可以看出,先驱体法容易消除焦绿石相,得到单相钙钛矿材料。实验结果表明,先驱体法制成样品的烧成温度较低,压电和介电性能优良。1100℃烧结样品的性能参数:Qm为2060,k_p为0.55,ε_r为1200,d_(33)为293 pC/N,tgδ为0.45×10~(-2),可用于压电变压器、超声换能器和压电马达等功率型器件。     

Investigation of pyroelectric characteristics of 0.8 Pb (Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 - 0.1 Pb TiO3 - 0.1 BaTiO3 ceramics with special reference to uncooled infrared detection

The pyroelectric characteristics for 0.8 Pb(Zn_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃ - 0.1 PbTiO₃ - 0.1 BaTiO₃ ceramics were investigated to determine the usefulness of this material as an uncooled infrared detector. Two successive phase transitions, changing the crystal symmetry from rhombohedral to tetragonal, and then to cubic on a heating process, were observed in the material. The results of measurements were compared with those of PLZT (8/40/60) and the Ca-Modified PbTiO₃, which are currently the favored materials for uncooled arrays. The results indicate that 0.8 PZN - 0.1 PT - 0.1 BT is a promising material for both transverse mode and pyroelectric CCD arrays.     

On the Feasibility of Growing Pb[(Zn1/3Nb2/3)0.91Ti0.09]O3 Single Crystals

Pb[(Zn_1/3Nb_2/3)_0.91Ti_0.09]O₃ (PZNT91/9) single crystals were grown by two methods: from solution using PbO as a self‐fluxing agent (SC method) and directly from the melt without fluxing (MC method). In both growth methods, an allomeric Pb[(Mg_1/3‐Nb_2/3)_0.69Ti_0.31]O₃ (PMNT69/31) single crystal was used as a seed. X‐ray diffraction patterns of ground crystals showed that phase‐pure perovskite PZNT91/9 single crystals were successfully fabricated by the above two methods. The composition of the crystals obtained by both the SC and MC methods was analyzed using X‐ray fluorescence, which confirmed that the crystal composition is close to the nominal value, although volatilization of PbO and segregation during crystal growth are inevitable. The MC PZNT91/9 crystals exhibit excellent piezoelectric properties, with the piezoelectric constant, d₃₃, in the range of 1800–2200 pC N^–1. This value is comparable to that of the SC crystals. However, the MC crystals show an abnormal dielectric behavior. In contrast with the SC crystals, in the MC crystals a much broader dielectric peak appears in the dielectric response curves, accompanied by a much lower peak temperature of around 105 °C. Furthermore, frequency dispersion is apparent over a much wider temperature range (even more apparent than in pure relaxors), where a large, i.e., about 70 °C, full width at half maximum (FWHM) for the dielectric peaks is observed in the dielectric response. It is speculated that such an unusual phenomenon correlates with defects, microinhomogeneities, and polar regions in the as‐grown MC crystals. The origins of this abnormality have not been interpreted in detail until now. However, optical observation of the domain structure confirms that both the SC and MC crystals possess complex structural states.     

MnO2对Pb(Ni1/3 Nb2/3)O3基复相陶瓷介电性能的影响

研究了少量MnO2添加对Pb(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O3基复相陶瓷的介电常数温度特性和频率特性、介质损耗及电阻率的影响。结果表明,少量MnO2的加入,改善了复相陶瓷的介温特性和频率特性,降低了介电常数;同时降低了介质损耗,特别是低频高温下的介质损耗,提高了电阻率。对MnO2在复相陶瓷中所起的作用进行了分析。     

Reliability of Pb(Mg,Nb)O3–Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 multilayer ceramic piezoelectric actuators by Weibull method

Expected lifetime and reliability of multilayer ceramic actuators were considered. 5 × 5 × 5 mm³ sized multilayer ceramic actuators with 60 ceramic sheet layers embedded internal electrodes were selected in this experimental analysis. Specially selected rectified AC bias was applied to the multilayer ceramic actuators to remove heating during charging and discharging process. Sixteen sets of multilayer ceramic actuators under the different experimental conditions were tested for statistical analysis. Weibull function method was employed to calculate mean time to failure. Arrhenius model and power law model were considered to simulate experimental data. From the experimental data and theoretical consideration, equation of expected lifetime was estimated.     

退火处理对Pb（Zn1／3Nb2／3）O3基陶瓷介电性能的影响

研究了退火处理对Ｐｂ（Ｚｎ１／３Ｎｂ２／３）Ｏ３基陶瓷介电性能的影响。结果表明，退火热处理显著提高了ＰＺＮ基陶瓷相变温度附近的介电常数，并使相变扩散因子降低。借助显微结构和介电分析探讨了可能原因，认为热处理对介电性能的影响可能与晶界玻璃相的消除、晶粒内部微区状态的改变及应力消除等因素有关。     

Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3陶瓷的合成及性能

采用不同固相合成法对钙钛矿型Ｐｂ（Ｚｎ１／３Ｎｂ２／３）０．８Ｔｉ０．２陶瓷材料的合成过程进行了研究。ＸＤＲ结果表明,相同合成条件下,不同合成方法得到的陶瓷粉末钙钛矿含量不同,其中,传统固相合成法（ＰｂＯ＋ ＺｎＯ＋ Ｎｂ２Ｏ５＋ ＴｉＯ２）钙钛矿得率最低,简单先驱体合成法（ＰｂＯ＋ ＺＮ＋ ＴｉＯ２）钙钛矿得率较高,复合先驱体合成法（ＰｂＯ＋ ＺＮＴ）钙钛矿得率最高。先驱体合成法具有抑制Ｂ位复合钙钛矿固相合成过程中焦绿石相形成的作用。采用复合先驱体合成法以少量钛酸钡作为晶型稳定剂采用适当的合成工艺可以得到钙钛矿纯度大于９８％ Ｐｂ［（Ｚｎ１／３Ｎｂ２／３）０．８Ｔｉ０．２］Ｏ３ 陶瓷粉末。其具有较宽的烧成温度范围,该陶瓷材料的居里温度为１９０ °Ｃ,具有较高的压电常数,且压电常数随烧结温度的提高而降低。用ＤＴＡ 对各合成方法的配合料进行了研究,发现,差热特征峰峰位与合成过程中焦绿石的出现和钙钛矿的合成温度有很好的对应关系,差热分析可用以对Ｂ位复合钙钛矿合成进行动态研究