不锈钢与耐候钢MIG电弧钎焊工艺

采用手工MIG电弧钎焊工艺对SUS304不锈钢与Q355GNHD耐候钢薄板对接接头进行工艺试验,按照相关技术标准进行焊接工艺评定。结果表明,MIG电弧钎焊工艺能够成功用于SUS304不锈钢和Q355GNHD耐候钢薄板对接接头的钎焊,焊缝成形质量良好,经X射线探伤无缺陷;接头的抗拉强度平均值为339.58 MPa,接头强度系数为78.97%。采用光学显微镜观察SUS304不锈钢与铜基钎料间产生的渗透裂纹,讨论渗透裂纹的产生机理。     

DP590镀锌双相钢CMT焊接接头显微组织及力学性能

针对汽车制造中薄板焊接质量问题及鉴于汽车行业对镀锌双相钢的大量需求,在弧长修正系数为0,送丝速度为3.0 m/min,焊接速度为400 mm/min的焊接工艺参数下,对1.0 mm厚的DP590镀锌双相钢进行了CMT搭接焊试验,并通过X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜与维氏硬度计等设备研究了焊接接头的显微组织与力学性能。试验结果表明,CMT焊接DP590镀锌钢能够得到成形良好的焊接接头。焊缝组织主要为板条马氏体,粗晶区由板条马氏体和少量铁素体组成,细晶区组织多为马氏体及少量贝氏体,不完全相变区中的铁素体含量增加,马氏体含量减少;焊接接头拉伸试验断裂位置在不完全相变区,属于塑性断裂,最大载荷为10.48 kN,与母材接近。焊缝平均硬度值最高,约为260 HV,不完全相变区显微硬度值最低,约为170 HV。该研究为DP590镀锌双相钢薄板CMT焊接提供工艺参考,对汽车轻量化生产制造具有重要的工程意义。 创新点： (1)针对汽车用钢薄板焊接的难点,提出具有低热输入焊接特点的CMT工艺。 (2)研究DP590镀锌双相钢CMT焊接接头显微组织及力学性能,研究结果可为工厂实际生产提供理论依据与数据支持。     

微束等离子弧焊焊接不锈钢筛网的研究

不锈钢筛网是由不锈钢丝线编制而成,由于材料丝径细且界面多,焊接工艺上有一定的难度。TIG焊、激光焊、钎焊等焊接方法由于工艺、成本等原因都不是筛网焊接的最佳选择,而微束等离子弧焊具有拘束度高、能量密度高等特点,特别适合不锈钢筛网的焊接。实验中采用自主研制的微束等离子弧焊接系统,在主弧电流小于3A下,进行了不同焊炬高度和不同焊接速度的对接试验,最终取得了良好的不锈钢筛网焊接效果。在此基础上,分析了焊接速度和焊炬高度等因素对焊接质量的影响。     

铝/钢电弧辅助激光对接熔钎焊铺展特性

采用小功率TIG电弧辅助激光热源进行5A06铝合金和热镀锌ST04Z钢的预置粉末对接熔钎焊工艺试验,通过SEM,Photoshop来研究预留间隙、背面填涂钎剂、激光热输入、辅助电弧电流、热源中心间距、填加焊丝对熔钎焊接头铺展宽度的影响. 结果表明,预留小于0.5 mm的间隙与背面填涂钎剂均可增大铺展宽度;在未焊穿的前提下,随激光热输入和辅助电弧电流的增加,铺展宽度增大;随热源中心间距的增大,铺展宽度先增加后减小. 焊接熔池中填加Al-Si焊丝较未填加焊丝的铺展性更好,获得连续、美观的焊缝表面形貌.     

AA6082 to DX56-Steel Laser Brazing: Process Parameter–Intermetallic Formation Correlation

In the present study, laser-brazed AA6082 to DX56-galvanized steel joints were investigated to understand the influence of process parameters on joint strength in terms of intermetallic layer formation. 1.5-mm-thick sheet of aluminum alloy (AA6082-T6) and galvanized steel (DX56) sheet of 0.7 mm thickness were laser-brazed with 1.5-mm-diameter Al-12% Si solid filler wire. During laser brazing, laser power (4.6 kW) and wire feed rate (3.4 m/min) were kept constant with a varying laser scan speed of 3.5, 3, 2.5, 2, 1.5, and 1 m/min. Microstructure of brazed joint reveals epitaxial growth at the aluminum side and intermetallic layer formation at steel interface. Intermetallic layer formation was confirmed by EDS analysis and XRD study. Hardness profile showed hardness drop in filler region, and failure during tensile testing was initiated through the filler region near the steel interface. As per both experimental study and numerical analysis, it was observed that intermetallic layer thickness decreases with increasing brazing speed. Zn vaporization from galvanized steel interface also affected the joint strength. It was found that high laser scan speed or faster cooling rate can be chosen for suppressing intermetallic layer formation or at least decreasing the layer thickness which results in improved mechanical properties.     

薄板2524铝合金激光填丝焊接工艺及组织性能

2524铝合金是具有优异损伤容限的新型航空高强Al-Cu-Mg合金.采用高功率光纤激光器焊接1.6 mm厚2524铝合金,研究了填充5087焊丝情况下,激光功率、焊接速度和填丝速度对焊缝成形、热裂纹倾向和焊缝显微组织的影响,优化焊接工艺参数,考察接头静态拉伸性能.结果表明,采用填充材料后,焊缝柱状枝晶生长方向性明显减小、晶粒细化、晶界共晶增多、热裂纹倾向降低.当激光功率为2.5 kW,焊接速度为2 m/min,填丝速度为2 m/min时,可获得成形良好、无缺陷的焊缝,接头抗拉强度达到313~324 MPa,拉伸断裂于接头熔合线附近,断口处有大量韧窝,呈韧性断裂特征.     

汽车用镁/钢异种金属冷金属过渡点焊工艺特性

采用冷金属过渡的方法对AZ31B变形镁合金和镀锌钢板进行搭接点焊试验,运用正交试验法优化工艺参数,同时利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和万能拉伸试验机对焊接接头的微观组织和力学性能进行研究.结果表明,运用冷金属过渡方法能够获得成形美观和性能良好的焊接接头;工艺参数显著性顺序为镀锌钢板孔径大小、送丝速度、点焊时间;接头为典型的点熔钎焊接头,由钎焊结合区和熔焊结合区组成;接头的抗拉剪载荷可达3.12 kN,远大于相同尺寸下镁镁点焊试样的抗拉剪载荷,接头的断裂方式为剪切型断裂和撕裂型断裂.     

304不锈钢与QCr0.8铬青铜填加铜焊丝的电子束焊接

采用填铜焊丝对304不锈钢与QCr0.8铬青铜进行电子束焊接。采用正交试验法研究不同工艺参数对焊接接头抗拉强度的影响,并对焊接工艺参数进行优化。优化工艺参数如下：束流30 mA,焊接速度100 mm/min,送丝速度1 m/min,束偏移量-0.3 mm。对优化后接头组织的分析结果表明,焊缝主要由树枝状α相与少量球形ε相组成;仅在焊缝区的上部出现铜的混合不均匀;而在铜侧熔合线附近存在一个铜的熔化但未混合区,该区域晶粒长大严重,是接头的最薄弱区。显微硬度测试结果显示,焊缝硬度随固溶体中铜含量的增加而减小。接头的最高抗拉强度为276 MPa。     

High speed tandem TIG welding of ferritic stainless steel plate

Weld humping and undercut are the most common appearance defects in high speed welding. A high speed tandem TIG welding process was developed to suppress the formation of these appearance defects and to improve the productivity of TIG welding. In this paper, the mechanical properties and microstructure of joints obtained from tandem and single TIG welding were tested and compared. The results show that the sound weld appearance can be obtained by tandem TIG welding at the welding speed of 3 m/min for 1.5 mm thick 409L stainless steel plate. The mechanical properties of the tandem TIG welded joint are in the similar level with single TIG welded joint. The analysis of the tandem TIG welding process indicates that the assistant arc with a push angle can prevent the liquid metal flowing backward to the trailing region of weld pool and the premature solidification of thin liquid layer in the gouging region.     

Laser brazing of a dissimilar joint of austenitic stainless steel and pure copper

In many industries, there are applications that require the joining of stainless steel and copper components; therefore, the welding of dissimilar stainless steel/copper joints is a common process. For this investigation, the optimal brazing conditions and suitable filler metals for laser brazing of stainless steel/copper lap joints were studied. Tensile shear force increases with increases in the laser spot diameter or in the laser irradiation angle, which is associated with increased bonding width; however, as bonding width approaches 2 mm, tensile shear force reaches a saturated value due to fracturing at the HAZ of the Cu base plate. In order to obtain joints with high tensile shear strength, laser brazing was optimized by using Cu–Si-based filler metal under the following conditions: laser power, 4 kW; spot diameter, 3 mm; laser irradiation angle, 80°; irradiation position shift, 0.6 mm; brazing speed, 0.30 m/min; and filler metal feed speed, 0.30 min. Concerning filler metals, it was found that the Ni–Cu type showed relatively large tensile shear force even at high welding speeds in comparison with those of the Cu–Si, Cu, Cu–Ni, Ni–Cu and Ni types, respectively.     

Evaluation of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties in Dissimilar Austenitic/Super Duplex Stainless Steel Joint

To study the effect of chemical composition on microstructural features and mechanical properties of dissimilar joints between super duplex and austenitic stainless steels, welding was attempted by gas tungsten arc welding process with a super duplex (ER2594) and an austenitic (ER309LMo) stainless steel filler metal. While the austenitic weld metal had vermicular delta ferrite within austenitic matrix, super duplex stainless steel was mainly comprised of allotriomorphic grain boundary and Widmanstätten side plate austenite morphologies in the ferrite matrix. Also the heat-affected zone of austenitic base metal comprised of large austenite grains with little amounts of ferrite, whereas a coarse-grained ferritic region was observed in the heat-affected zone of super duplex base metal. Although both welded joints showed acceptable mechanical properties, the hardness and impact strength of the weld metal produced using super duplex filler metal were found to be better than that obtained by austenitic filler metal.     

焊丝熔化方式对激光焊接过程的影响

研究了两种焊丝熔化方法(电弧预熔丝激光焊、激光填丝焊)激光焊接过程对匙孔稳定性以及焊缝成形的影响,进一步研究了焊丝熔化方法对焊接接头质量的影响,并对比分析了两种焊丝熔化方式对焊接速度的适应性. 结果表明,电弧预熔丝激光焊过程中,熔池表面匙孔开口尺寸变化不大,匙孔较为稳定;激光填丝焊方法由于熔化的液态金属距离匙孔边缘很近,焊接过程中熔池表面匙孔开口尺寸变化较大,而且容易出现熔池表面匙孔的闭合. 与激光填丝焊相比,电弧预熔丝激光焊熔化的焊丝端部可以沿熔池边缘流入,与匙孔边缘的距离较远,匙孔稳定性较好,焊缝气孔数量较少. 当焊接速度为8 m/min时,电弧预熔丝激光焊的焊缝成形良好;而激光填丝焊焊缝背面成形不连续,并且出现了未焊透的缺陷.     

Microstructure and Properties of Lap Joint Between Aluminum Alloy and Galvanized Steel by CMT

Lap joining of 1-mm-thick Novelist AC 170 PX aluminum alloy to 1.2-mm-thick ST06 Z galvanized steel sheets for automotive applications was conducted by cold metal transfer advanced welding process with ER4043 and ER4047 filler wires. Under the optimized welding parameters with ER4043 filler wire, the tensile shear strength of joint was 189 MPa, reaching 89% of the aluminum alloy base metal. Microstructure and elemental distribution were characterized by optical metalloscope and electron probe microanalysis. The lap joints with ER4043 filler wire had smaller wetting angle and longer bonded line length with better wettability than with ER4047 filler wire during welding with same parameters. The needle-like Al-Fe-Si intermetallic compounds (IMCs) were spalled into the weld and brought negative effect to the tensile strength of joints. With increasing welding current, the needle-like IMCs grew longer and spread further into the weld, which would deteriorate the tensile shear strength.     

镁合金激光氩弧复合热源冷填丝焊接工艺

研究了镁合金的低功率激光-氩弧复合热源冷填丝焊接工艺.通过5 mm厚镁合金板材的堆焊试验,研究了焊接电流、焊接速度、钨极高度和热源距离等参数对焊缝成形和焊接熔深的影响,确定了钨极高度为0.75 mm,热源间距DLA为1.2 mm左右的焊接参数范围;在堆焊基础上,进行了2.5 mm厚镁合金板材的对焊试验,实现了单面焊双面成形,焊接速度达1 200 mm/min,焊接接头熔深为单TIG冷填丝接头熔深的两倍,抗拉强度达到母材的95%左右,实现了高速、优质的镁合金冷填丝焊接.另外,简要分析了激光的加入对焊接过程的影响.     

Development of Process Maps in Two-Wire Tandem Submerged Arc Welding Process of HSLA Steel

Appropriate selection of welding conditions to guarantee requisite weld joint mechanical properties is ever difficult because of their complex interactions. An approach is presented here to identify suitable welding conditions in typical two-wire tandem submerged arc welding (SAW-T) that involves many welding variables. First, an objective function is defined, which depicts the squared error between the mechanical properties of weld joint and of base material. A set of artificial neural network (ANN)-based models are developed next to estimate the weld joint properties as function of welding conditions using experimentally measured results. The neural network model-based predictions are used next to create a set of process map contours that depict the minimum achievable values of the objective function and the corresponding welding conditions. In typical SAW-T of HSLA steel, welding speed from 9.0 to 11.5 mm/s, leading wire current from 530 to 580 A, and trailing wire negative current from 680 to 910 A are found to be the most optimal.     

Research on CMT welding of nickel-based alloy with stainless steel

Cold Metal Transfer （CMT） welding technique is a new welding technique introduced by Fronins company. CMT welding of nickel-based alloy with stainless steel was carried out using CuSi3 filler wire in this paper. Effects of welding parameters, including welding current, welding speed, etc, on weld surface appearance were tested. Microstructure and mechanical properties of CMT weld were studied. The results shaw that the thickness of interface reaction layer of the nickel- based alloy is 14. 3 μm, which is only 4. 33% of base material. The weld is made up of two phases, α-copper and iron-based solid solution. Rupture occurs initially at the welded seam near the edge of stainless steel in shear test. The maximum shear strength of the CuSi3 welded joint is 184. 9 MPa.     

铝/裸钢板冷金属过渡点塞焊接头组织及力学性能

采用Al Si5铝合金焊丝,冷金属过渡方法对6061铝合金和裸钢板进行了搭接点塞焊试验,运用正交试验法优化工艺参数,分析了接头的界面结构特征及其性能.结果表明,采用上述方法成功实现了铝和裸钢板的连接,点焊接头成形美观、性能良好;工艺参数显著性顺序为裸钢板孔径大小、点焊时间、送丝速度;接头为典型的点熔钎焊接头,由钎焊结合区和熔焊结合区组成;接头上的缺陷主要是气孔;接头的最大抗拉剪载荷可达4 k N以上,断裂方式为撕裂型断裂.     

Double-Sided Single-Pass Submerged Arc Welding for 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel

The duplex stainless steel (DSS), which combines the characteristics of ferritic steel and austenitic steel, is used widely. The submerged arc welding (SAW) method is usually applied to join thick plates of DSS. However, an effective welding procedure is needed in order to obtain ideal DSS welds with an appropriate proportion of ferrite (δ) and austenite (γ) in the weld zone, particularly in the melted zone and heat-affected zone. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a high efficiency double-sided single-pass (DSSP) SAW joining method for thick DSS plates. The effectiveness of the converse welding procedure, characterizations of weld zone, and mechanical properties of welded joint are analyzed. The results show an increasing appearance and continuous distribution feature of the σ phase in the fusion zone of the leading welded seam. The converse welding procedure promotes the σ phase to precipitate in the fusion zone of leading welded side. The microhardness appears to significantly increase in the center of leading welded side. Ductile fracture mode is observed in the weld zone. A mixture fracture feature appears with a shear lip and tears in the fusion zone near the fusion line. The ductility, plasticity, and microhardness of the joints have a significant relationship with σ phase and heat treatment effect influenced by the converse welding step. An available heat input controlling technology of the DSSP formation method is discussed for SAW of thick DSS plates.     

纯铝1060/镀锌钢电阻点钎焊工艺及接头性能

采用电阻点钎焊进行了纯铝1060与SGCC热镀锌钢板的搭接试验,研究了接头界面组织,并测试了接头力学性能. 结果表明,试验所用铝硅（Al-Si）合金钎料润湿良好,焊后接头焊缝界面处产生了具有双层结构且厚度不均的金属间化合物,厚度小于10 μm;焊接电流为7.8 kA时,接头抗拉剪载荷达到峰值,约为4.72 kN,在相同工艺参数下,电阻点钎焊接头的抗拉剪载荷明显高于点焊接头;接头断裂大都发生在铝板侧,且主要在热影响区处而不在焊点处,说明点钎焊接头质量良好,但由于焊缝铝侧界面局部存在“未钎合”缺陷,焊缝界面会产生拉应力且在金属间化合物的应力作用下易产生裂纹.     

High speed TIG–MAG hybrid arc welding of mild steel plate

A TIG–MAG hybrid arc welding process was proposed to achieve high speed welding. The influences of hybrid arc welding parameters on welding speed and weld appearance were studied through orthogonal experiment and the microstructures and mechanical properties of weld were tested and compared with that of the conventional MAG weld. The TIG–MAG hybrid arc welding speed could reach up to 3.5 m/min for bead-on-plate welding of 2.5 mm thick mild steel plate under the condition of high quality of weld appearance and 4.5 m/min for butt welding of 2 mm thick mild steel plate, respectively. The mechanical properties of hybrid arc weld were not lower than that of the conventional MAG weld. The assistant TIG arc could effectively stabilize the MAG welding current and MAG arc voltage in high speed TIG–MAG hybrid arc welding process. The stable hybridization obtained by balance between TIG and MAG welding current and proper wire-electrode distance was a key factor to stabilize the welding process.