吉林红岗油田低阻油层成因机理研究

低阻油气藏在全国各大油田都有发现,如渤海湾地区、南海莺歌海盆地、塔里木塔北地区等,形成低电阻率油层的机理不尽相同,但低电阻率产生的根本原因一般是束缚水含量高、粘土矿物的附加导电能力相对较强、存在导电矿物、油藏幅度低等。为了正确识别低阻油层,评价油藏条件下的饱和度,必须搞清低阻油层的低阻特性和形成机理。本文从可能引起低阻的各方面原因对吉林红岗油田泉四段低阻油层的成因机理进行了研究。     

三肇地区葡萄花低阻油层形成机理和识别方法研究

低阻油藏是油田老井挖潜和增储上产的主要方向。从三肇地区目前发现的低阻油层井来看,这些井都具有较高的产能,研究低阻油藏的形成机理和识别方法具有重要的意义。根据三肇地区已发现的低阻油层井,从宏观机理和微观机理入手,重点分析了该地区低阻油层形成机理。认为沉积环境、岩性细、泥质和粘土矿物含量高、储层束缚水含量高、黄铁矿发育是导致该区低阻油层形成的主要原因,为该地区低阻油层的识别提供了地质依据,并对高泥质含量的低阻油层的油水识别方法进行了研究。     

东濮凹陷的断块运动与油气聚集关系研究

本文在对东濮凹陷区域构造运动、演化史研究的基础上 ,详尽阐述了东濮凹陷各种断裂样式的形成条件、因素及其与油气的运移、聚集及油气藏类型的关系。从而对影响东濮凹陷油气聚集的断裂分析在认识上有了较大的提高。提出了寻找不同断裂油气藏的理论依据及方法     

定边地区长2油层组低阻因素分析

近些年来,随着勘探认识加深、勘探程度不断提高,新老油区中不断有相对低电阻率油层发现,并逐步成为其主要产油层系。由于新系列测井对辨别低阻油层具有局限性,本文依托录井、地层水、试油、测井及解释等常规资料,对定边地区长2油层组低阻因素进行分析,认为：储层孔隙结构复杂所导致的束缚水饱和度高,是形成低阻油层的主要原因,另外绿泥石粘土膜所吸附的地层水及砂岩储层中高放射性物质含量也会造成长2油层组电阻率值一定程度降低。而较高的地层水矿化度所导致的较差的油水分异特征,是常规辨别低阻油层的薄弱环节,需引起重视。     

长石校正泥质砂岩导电模型在泌阳凹陷北斜坡的应用

泌阳凹陷北斜坡的砂岩成熟度较低,长石类矿物的含量相对较高,含油储层电阻率随长石含量的增大而减小,这是该研究区形成低阻油层的一个原因。本文通过计算长石含量校正泥质砂岩导电模型分析研究其低阻成因,在泌阳凹陷北斜坡的一些井中取得了良好的效果。     

X地区低阻油层成因机理研究

随着勘探开发的深入,X地区发现大量低阻油层,流体性质识别困难,给油田的开发带来一定的困难。在岩心毛管压力实验、岩电实验、阳离子交换容量实验的基础上结合测井数据,对X地区低阻油层的成因机理进行研究,发现X地区低阻油层形成的主要原因是岩性细导致储层高束缚水含量并且降低了储层的胶结指数m和电阻率指数n,以及储层油藏幅度低导致油水的分异作用弱,次要原因是黏土矿物的附加导电性。     

濮城油田濮144块低阻油层在开发中的重新认识

本文以濮城油田濮144块低阻油藏为研究对象,通过开展油层测井响应研究与分析,为确定目标储集层为低阻油层提供科学的理论依据;通过目标储集层的垂直深度与油水边界的对比,明确被研究对象是油层还是水层,通过对老井试油试采情况进行分析,确立了濮144块沙三上5-9为低阻油层,并在该块重新认识的基础上,进行整体部署开发,效果明显.该方法也为濮城油田高含水油藏开发后期进一步提高储量的动用程度提供了一个新的思路和方向.     

港中浅层低阻油层综合识别研究与应用

通过对大港油田港中浅层四性关系研究、储层物性影响因素分析、油藏分析等综合研究评价,发现断块存在常规油层、低阻油层、气层、油水同层四种类型,以常规油层为主、其次为油水同层,存在少量低阻油层和气层。低阻油气层是指油气层电阻率相对邻近水层电阻率而言,电阻率值偏低并引起油水层解释困难的一类油气层。该文通过分析低阻油藏成因,研究形成低阻油藏油气水层综合识别方法,在港中房32-38井区应用后效果显著。     

文东油田成藏模式及低阻油层成因分析

文东油田构造位置处于东濮凹陷中央隆起带文留构造东翼,东邻前梨园生油洼陷,油气富集条件优越。综合分析认为文东地区存在正向地垒构造样式双向运移、断阶构造样式双向运移、负向地堑构造样式双向运移、单斜构造样式单向运移等4种成藏模式,构造背景、规模及断层封闭性控制影响油气富集程度,并深入分析该区低阻油层的成因及特征,在此基础上深化研究取得了明显的滚动勘探效果。     

自来屯油田低阻油层成因及评价研究

自来屯油田低阻油层较多,利用常规测井方法识别困难。低阻油层的形成有较多的影响因素,主要地质因素是储层泥质含量高,岩石粒度细,束缚水饱和度高,粘土矿物附加导电性等,钻井过程中咸水泥浆的侵入也是低阻油层形成的主要原因。利用电阻率与自然伽马相对值关系图版进行低阻油层的判别,或是利用不受岩性影响的核磁共振测井技术评价低阻油层,两种方法在自来屯油田低阻油层的评价上均取得较好效果。     

Characterization of corn oil,soybean oil and sunflowerseed oil nonpolar material

Normal phase preparative and semi-preparative liquid chromatography were used to isolate fractions of varying polarity from corn, soybean and sunflowerseed oils. Reported here is the composition of one fraction, less polar than triglycerides, determined by isolating the individual ?peaks? of a semi-preparative separation using as starting material the mix of compounds obtained from a large scale separation. These peaks were then analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (LC) gas chromatography (GC), mass-spectrometry (MS) with and without GC, in both electron impact (EI) and chemical ionization (CI) modes, and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Semi-quantitative data were obtained for many of the components found in these semi-preparative isolates including hydrocarbons, steryl esters, triterpenyl esters, phytyl esters and geranylgeranyl esters. The weight percent and composition of the preparative fraction differed substantially among the three oils. Corn oil had the greatest amount, at 1.25% of the starting oil, and was composed mostly of steryl and triterpenyl esters. Sunflowerseed oil, at 0.7%, and soybean oil, at 0.3%, showed greater variety in that branched chain esters were included with the steryl/triterpenyl distributions.     

Processing oil shales with heavy oil recycle

Recycle of heavy oil (>340 °C) to the retort, in order to crack/coke the oil to lighter fractions, was investigated as a means of producing shale oil of more desirable product slates. Conversion of heavy oil to light oil (<340 °C) by thermal cracking and coking in the absence of and during oil shale retorting was studied using the CSIRO BIRCOS retort. As expected, the conversion by thermal cracking increased as temperature increased, with most of the net oil loss in the form of gas. By contrast, the conversion by coking alone decreased as temperature increased, with coke representing all the net oil loss. Thermal cracking was found not to be a first-order reaction, by showing a reduced conversion of heavy oil with reduced concentration of oil vapour. Retorting Stuart oil shale with heavy oil feeding and simultaneous cracking and coking showed a conversion of 19.1 g per 100 g feed heavy oil to 10.9 g light oil, 2.2 g gas and 6.0 g coke, with a net oil loss of 3.8 g per 100 g shale oil produced. These data were used to generate a set of parameters for a mathematical model which simulated a heavy oil recycle loop.     

生物质裂解油在柴油中乳化的研究

以乳化液稳定性为评价指标,研究了复配乳化剂、助乳化剂、助乳化剂与复配乳化剂质量比[m(C)m/(T)]及生物质裂解油在乳化液中质量分数的选择,并考察了HLB值、乳化温度、乳化时间、乳化方式、搅拌方式对乳化液稳定性的影响。实验结果表明:采用质量分数1.7%的T-85和乳化剂A的复配乳化剂,m(C)m/(T)为0.05的正辛醇为助乳化剂,在HLB值为8、乳化温度为20~40℃的条件下,将质量分数5%的生物质裂解油在柴油中高速乳化5m in,其中,乳化方式为T-85溶于生物质裂解油,乳化剂A溶于柴油,边搅拌柴油边加入生物质裂解油,再加入助乳化剂,乳化液的稳定性较好,稳定时间可达20 d。     

油浆抽余油FCC反应

油浆经萃取分离得到以饱和烃为主的理想组分——抽余油。利用该油作为原料进行FCC反应,并与石蜡基重油从原料性质、反应工艺条件、产品分布及性质、再生剂性能等方面进行对比研究。结果表明：抽余油具有良好的FCC性能,其合适的反应条件为剂油比6.0、反应温度520 ℃、重时空速12.0 h?1;在各自最优工艺条件下,抽余油比重油液体收率增加1.69%,生焦率上升0.02%;在相同工艺条件即剂油比5.0、反应温度500 ℃、空速14.4 h?1,抽余油比重油液体收率增加0.19%,生焦率上升2.55%;与重油相比,抽余油FCC汽油辛烷值相当,FCC柴油十六烷值降低3.7,其再生剂失活程度较小。因此,抽余油完全可以替代重油作为FCC的原料,具有很好的工业应用前景。     

Preparation of laurel oil alkanolamide from laurel oil

A low-temperature synthesis of laurel oil alkanolamides directly from laurel oil and ethanolamine was carried out in essentially quantitative yields. The ethanolamine/laurel oil molar ratio used was 10∶1. Even though amine served as a catalyst in the reaction, we used sodium methoxide at a ratio of 0.2–2% as a second catalyst. The reaction was complete in 1–9 h at room temperature. The identity of the amide was confirmed by IR and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy.     

Sunflower oil processing from crude to salad oil

World-wide use of sunflower oil is second only to soybean oil. Interest in domestic use as a premium salad oil is very recent. The high ratio of polyunsaturated-to-saturated fatty acids makes sunflower oil a premium salad oil. Sunflower oil, however, contains a small amount of high melting wax which must be removed to avoid settling problems. It is possible to produce a brilliant, dewaxed, deodorized sunflower oil with over a 100-hr cold test at 0 C. This quality oil can be produced by conventional caustic refining, dewaxing, bleaching and deodorization. A quality finished oil may also be produced by dewaxing and steam refining. This paper reviews various methods for processing sunflower oil from the crude state through the finished, dewaxed, deodorized salad oil. Presented at the ISF/AOCS Meeting, New York, April, 1980.     

Solubility of hydrogenated peanut oil in peanut oil

Conclusions Data obtained on the solubility of hydrogenated peanut oil in refined peanut oil and the behavior of the mixtures on cooling indicate that freedom from oil separation on storage is largely determined by the nature as well as the amount of solid crystals present in the oil. The results suggest that the best procedure for prevention of oil separation would involve shockchilling the molten mixture to produce the finely divided metastable crystalline modification followed by tempering at such a temperature as to permit transformation of the crystals into the more desirable higher-melting form without changing the finely divided state necessary for improved palatability. The data imply that under controlled conditions any amount of the high-melting modification of the hard fat incorporated in peanut oil above the solubility temperature in excess of 2% should produce a mixture free from oil separation under average storage conditions. The choice of the actual concentration of the hard fat, above the minimum amount, would depend upon the degree of plasticity desired. Ambient temperature to which the mixture is likely to be subjected will influence to a considerable extent the selection of the hard fat content. The information obtained is of fundamental importance in connection with the problem of oil separation in peanut butter. One of the laboratories of the Bureau of Agricultural and Industrial Chemistry, Agricultural Research Administration, U. S. Department of Agriculture.