油桐籽不同年份和含油率差异对其含油率NIR检测模型影响的研究

收集了2014和2015年的油桐籽样本,用偏最小二乘法(PLS)分别建立了单一年份、混合年份及单一年份不同含油率范围的油桐籽含油率近红外光谱(NIR)检测模型,并验证。结果显示单一年份模型对本年份样本有较好预测,而对另一单一年份样本的预测精度明显下降,而混合年份模型对各年份样本都有较好预测;同年份不同含油率范围样本所建模型,含油率范围大,则模型预测精度下降,但稳定性更好。利用竞争性自适应重加权(CARS)算法筛选出30个变量,并结合PLS对混合年份样本建模,既简化了模型,又提高了模型预测性能,验证集相关系数为0.929,均方根误差为1.765,相对标准偏差为3.31%。因此,建立油桐籽含油率NIR检测模型时,应收集不同年份、不同含油率范围样本,并结合特征波长,以建立预测精度更好、稳定可靠且适应范围广的检测模型。     

涤纶DTY含油率的控制探讨

讨论了涤纶DTY生产过程中油剂的质量、上油工艺、设备状态以及人员操作等因素对DTY含油率的影响,提出了DTY含油率的控制措施,得出了有利于稳定控制DTY含油率的主要工作条件,从而提高涤纶DTY产品的质量.     

9个杂交蓖麻品种蓖麻籽中不同脂肪酸含量分析

对9个杂交蓖麻品种蓖麻籽的百粒重、出仁率、含油率及主要脂肪酸含量进行了分析,试验结果表明,不同品种蓖麻籽的百粒重、含油率及主要脂肪酸蓖麻油酸的含量差别较大。百粒重变化范围为21．1—52.1g;含油率变化范围为46．0％-57．6％,1号蓖麻籽含油率最高,高达57．6％;9种蓖麻籽中蓖麻油酸含量变化范围为81．44％-90．25％,2号品种的蓖麻油酸含量最高,高达90．25％;油酸、亚油酸含量变化范围分别为2．83％-6．03％和4．27％-7．80％,蓖麻油中还含有少量的棕榈酸、硬脂酸和极少量的二十烷酸、二十烷一烯酸,其中棕榈酸、硬脂酸含量变化范围分别为0．81％-1．74％和0．88％-1．91％,二十烷酸和二十烷一烯酸的含量均低于1％。     

蓖麻油快速甲酯化方法及其脂肪酸含量分析

对40份蓖麻品种蓖麻籽的百粒重、出仁率、含油率、不同脂肪酸含量及蓖麻油快速甲酯化方法进行了研究.结果表明:不同品种蓖麻籽的百粒重、含油率及主要脂肪酸蓖麻油酸的含量差别较大,百粒重变化范围为:21.42～86.77 g,出仁率较为集中,均在72.61%～79.48%之间,含油率变化范围为:45.72%～57.48%;蓖麻油主要含有蓖麻油酸、油酸、亚油酸及少量的棕榈酸、硬脂酸,蓖麻油酸、油酸、亚油酸的变化范围依次为:81.46%～90.24%、2.83%～6.13%、4.29%～7.82%,棕榈酸、硬脂酸含量均为1%左右;蓖麻油快速甲酯化条件为:蓖麻油用量(＜70 mg),KOH-CH3OH浓度0.5 mol/L,用量0.2 mL,室温下甲酯化2 min.     

核磁共振法在纤维含油率测试中的应用

通过核磁共振法与传统的萃取法和洗涤法的数据对比，验证了核磁共振法测试纤维含油率的可行性，最终建立了核磁共振仪测试纤维含油率的方法并在生产中得到了全面的应用。     

新版《中澳购买羊毛和毛条一般交易条款》

经过中澳羊毛联合会工作小组多次修改,新版《中澳购买羊毛和毛条一般贸易条款》更加简化,贴近现代化羊毛贸易,具有更明确的指导作用,主要体现了其6大亮点。1.羊毛条的公定含油率由0.634%修订为0.750%旧条款中,羊毛条的公定含油率是0.634%,但是根据企业自身的生产情况来看,全行业都达不到这个水平,实际含油率一般在0.800%左右,所以在新版条款中重新规定含油率为0.750%,增加单位毛条的标准重量,让买家买的明白、     

桑蚕丝含油率的快速萃取测试

桑蚕丝含油率不仪影响到纤维本身的质量,更影响到后道生产以及贸易的过程.使用YG(B)9801D型纤维油脂快速抽取器,运用快速挤压法测定桑蚕丝的含油率,研究了不同荜取试剂和荜取次数对桑蚕丝含油率测定结果的影响.结果表明,当使用乙醚试剂萃取,且萃取次数为3次时,测量结果比较好.     

羊毛被不同标准含油率指标和测试方法的比较

分别比较了羊毛被于国际、国家和行业标准中含油率的要求,以及引用的含油率试验方法标准,指出了各类产品标准中有关含油率技术要求的差异,以及试验方法的差异。比较了同一样品的不同试验方法测试结果,分析讨论了不同试验方法所用萃取溶剂性质对测试结果的影响。认为企业为提高羊毛被成品检测合格率,应注重生产加工环节中原料品质的检测,并依据实际检测结果和产品标准的技术要求确认原料的最终用途,从而有效降低成品的不合格率。     

几种化学纤维含油率测试方法的比较分析

在DTY含油率测试中比较了纤维含油率的3种检测方法——萃取法、中性皂液洗涤法、核磁共振法,得出核磁共振法是测试DTY含油率比较理想的方法的结论。     

涤纶短纤维含油率测试的误差分析

涤纶短纤维在生产过程中常加入油剂以改善纤维的纺丝及纺纱的可纺性，油剂的含量大小直接影响可纺性。GB／T14340-1993《合成短纤维含油率试验方法》规定合成短纤维含油率测试方法为重量法及光折射率法。在我国大部分化纤厂及检测机构中，棉型涤纶短纤维含油率指标的测试通常采用折光率法，也有部分单     

水酶法提取稻米油形成乳状液的破乳技术研究

在水酶法提取稻米油的过程中,产生大量的乳状液,降低了稻米油的提取率。为了提高水酶法提取稻米油的提取率,以破乳率为指标,研究最佳乳状液破乳技术。首先优化了酶法提取稻米油的破乳时间及破乳温度,在此基础上,比较调节pH破乳法、CaCl₂破乳法和乙醇破乳法的破乳效果,研究最佳破乳条件下乳状液粒径、Zeta电位的变化并观察破乳前后乳状液的微观结构。结果表明,稻米油乳状液最佳破乳工艺条件为采用调节pH破乳法,调节乳状液pH至7,60℃下300 r/min搅拌60 min。在最佳条件下,破乳率可达93.15%。经过破乳的乳状液油滴表面的蛋白膜被破坏,油滴之间发生聚集,平均粒径增大,Zeta电位降低。     

Hazard assessment of edible oil refining: Formation of flammable mixtures in storage tanks

This work presents a methodology for the assessment of hazards due to the formation of flammable mixtures in edible oil refineries, with particular focus on storage tanks. Safety issues in these plants are due to the presence of residual volatile flammable solvents deriving from the extraction processes, which may accumulate in the storage tanks and generate flammable vapour mixtures. The methodology, based on the application of a thermodynamic model for the estimation of vapour phase composition in oil storage tanks as a function of operating conditions (i.e. temperature and residual solvent content), allows the identification of potential hazards due to formation of flammable mixtures inside the tanks. The model was first validated using available experimental data and then extended to case-studies representative of state-of-the-art industrial storage applications. The results of the case-studies were then used to calculate specific hazard indexes, providing a quick tool for preliminary assessment of hazards due to the formation of flammable mixtures in edible oil storage plants.     

Schimmelpilzentwicklung und Verluste bei der Lagerung von Holzhackschnitzeln

During storage of chips of recently harvested wood in non-ventilated piles the development of microorganisms and storage losses are inevitable. In the following paper the results of lasting practical oriented storage experiments with chips from short rotation poplar and other tree species are presented focusing on the influence that the length of chips has on the development of temperature and mould fungi as well as on dry matter and energy losses. As the results show, coarse chips and chunks cause less storage losses and less health risky thermophilic mould than fine chips.     

白酒上头效应分析及降低措施探究

随着中国经济的发展,白酒将逐渐走向国际化,但白酒上头效应一直是影响饮用白酒舒适度的关键因素。引起饮酒上头现象的主要原因是过量饮酒,其次是白酒中杂醇油、醛类等香味物质的复杂强度没有在合理范围内,酒体香味成分未达到合理的动态平衡。该文从降低白酒酒精度、醇类物质、醛类物质含量,合理延长白酒的储存时间,提高新工艺白酒中食用酒精及香料的质量,降低新生代白酒及配制酒中糖类等固形物含量等方面探究白酒上头效应的降低措施,从而提高饮用白酒的舒适度。     

微波提取胡芦巴挥发油工艺优化及抗氧化性研究

采用微波辐助萃取法对葫芦巴茎叶挥发油提取工艺进行单因素和正交试验研究,用还原力、DPPH 自由基清除能力和Rancimat 法对其抗氧化活性进行研究。结果表明：以乙醚为萃取溶剂,从葫芦巴茎叶中萃取挥发油的最佳工艺条件：微波功率为低火、萃取时间30s、料液比1:4(g/mL)、提取前浸泡时间20min,在此条件下挥发油得率达3.374%;各因素对挥发油得率影响的主次顺序为料液比＞浸泡时间＞微波功率＞微波萃取时间;葫芦巴茎叶挥发油有较强的还原能力,对DPPH 自由基有较强的清除能力,当质量浓度为200mg/L 时对猪油的抗氧化活性最强,但其抗氧化活性小于同质量浓度的VC。     

单、双脂肪酸甘油酯(亚麻酸)乳液的制备及特性研究

针对单、双脂肪酸甘油酯（亚麻酸）极易氧化的特点,该研究以乳清浓缩蛋白（WPC）、大豆分离蛋白（SPI）、酪蛋白酸钠（SC）和吐温80（T80）为乳化剂制备乳液,考察乳化剂类型对乳液的理化性质、氧化稳定性和消化特性的影响。结果表明,乳液均具有较小的粒径（131.97~224.87 nm）,且在两周贮藏期内保持稳定。乳液包载能够提高单、双脂肪酸甘油酯（亚麻酸）的氧化稳定性,相比T80（过氧化值为377.40 mmol/kg）,蛋白质对油脂的氧化保护效果更好,其中SPI稳定的乳液过氧化值最低为197.73 mmol/kg。体外模拟消化试验表明,乳化剂类型对游离脂肪酸的释放影响较小,但蛋白稳定的乳液在胃消化阶段更容易发生液滴聚集;亚麻籽油的脂质水解程度最低为23.93%,而单、双脂肪酸甘油酯（亚麻酸）的初始消化速度更快,最终脂解程度更高（46.33%）。因此,蛋白质乳液能有效提高单、双脂肪酸甘油酯（亚麻酸）的氧化稳定性,且单、双脂肪酸甘油酯（亚麻酸）相比亚麻籽油具有更好的消化效率,有望替代亚麻籽油作为人体亚麻酸的食物来源。     

Destabilization of protein-based emulsions by diglycerol esters of fatty acids – The importance of chain length similarity between dispersed oil molecules and fatty acid residues of the emulsifier

Destabilizing effects of diglycerol mono-esters of different saturated or one mono-unsaturated fatty acids (DF) on protein-based emulsions prepared with various types of oil were examined by visual observations and particle size analyses. By diglycerol esters of oleic acid (DO), a hexadecane-in-water emulsion was more obviously destabilized than an octadecane-in-water emulsion or food oil-in-water emulsions. Interfacial tension measurements indicated that the adsorbed protein on oil droplet surfaces of hydrocarbon emulsions can be more easily displaced by DO compared to the case of food oil emulsions. The degree of hydrocarbon emulsion destabilization by DO varied with the chain length of hydrocarbon molecules. From the results of combination tests of five hydrocarbons varying in chain length in oil phase and five DF having different mono-fatty acid residue, we described a possibility that DF could effectively destabilize the hydrocarbon emulsion when the chain length of fatty acid residue of DF was similar to that of hydrocarbon molecules.     

响应面法优化燕麦油提取工艺

以燕麦为原料,正己烷为溶剂,在单因素试验基础上,选取提取温度、浸提时间、浸提次数为自变量,燕麦粕的残油率为响应值,利用Box-Benhnken中心组合设计原理和响应面分析法,研究各自变量及其交互作用对残油率的影响,模拟得到二次多项式回归方程的预测模型,确定燕麦油的最佳提取工艺条件为：提取温度为55℃、每次浸提时间为80 min,浸提次数为3次,此时残油率的预测值为0.655%,其实际残油率为0.654%。     

22—REDUCED FIBRE BREAKAGE IN CONTINENTAL WORSTED CARDING AS A RESULT OF WOOL LUBRICATION

An improvement in top length and a reduction in noil can be obtained by lubricating scoured wool with mineral oil prior to processing it on a continental card. The improvement is largely independent of the card-production rate. The principal effect of the application of mineral oil to the wool is to reduce fibre-to-metal friction. As the viscosity of the oil decreases, the fibre-to-metal friction also decreases, and top length and noilage improve.

Most of Ihe benefit of lubricating scoured wool prior to carding is achieved on the swift of the card.     

Formulation and characterization of α-tocopherol loaded poly ?-caprolactone (PCL) nanoparticles

α-tocopherol-loaded poly ?-caprolactone (PCL) nanoparticles were prepared by emulsion solvent evaporation with ultrasonification technique. The influences of PCL concentration (3 and 5 g/100 mL), solvent in the oil phase (methylene chloride (DCM) and methylene chloride: acetonitrile = 50:50 (DCM:ACN)), and ultrasonification time (1, 2, and 3 min) were investigated. Encapsulation efficiency (%) was calculated by Duncan’s multiple rage tests and it decreased from 87.73 to 57.45 when ultrasonification time was increased from 1 to 3 min. DCM as a solvent in the oil phase and 5 g/100 mL PCL showed better encapsulation efficiency than DCM:ACN and 3 g/100 mL PCL. Particle mean size was decreased when ultrasonification time was increased from 1 to 3 min. Nanoparticles with DCM as a solvent in the oil phase had larger particle mean size than the particle with DCM:ACN. There were no significant differences in particle mean size between two PCL concentrations. PCL with 3 g/100 mL concentration had higher α-tocopherol loading (%) than 5 g/100 mL PCL. Overall, 5 g/100 mL PCL in DCM as solvent in the oil phase with 3 min ultrasonification time showed the best encapsulation formulation.