济三煤矿洗选煤泥流化床结团燃烧的试验研究

利用小型电加热流化床试验台对济三煤矿洗选煤泥的结团燃烧进行了试验,探讨了洗选煤泥的结团强度随粒径、床温、停留时间等参数的变化关系,为循环流化床锅炉煤泥系统扩容设计提供了可靠有效的依据。     

洗煤泥煤矸石流化床混烧技术工业应用研究

在分析了洗煤泥、煤矸石流化床混烧过程的基础上,介绍了浙江大学研究开发的洗煤泥、煤矸石流化床混烧技术的主要特点和试验研究结果。该技术的特点可概括为：洗煤泥结团燃烧,异重流化床,洗煤泥大粒度给料,分级配风燃烧减低氮氧化物排放,高效脱硫。并结合工程实际介绍了洗煤泥、煤矸石流化床混烧技术的应用。     

洗煤泥,水煤浆流化床燃烧基础研究及应用

报道洗煤泥水煤浆流化床燃烧新工艺，提出了预测煤泥结团特性的Ｃ－Ｈ－Ｏ三元系统图及定量描述床内物料分布规律的表达式。该项新工艺已取得了很好的应用效果。     

污泥在流化床内燃烧过程及结团微观机理分析

本文利用污水污泥在小型电加热流化床内燃烧过程的电镜照片，结合污泥在深床层低风速流化床燃烧时的凝聚结团特性，燃烧时水分和挥发分析出特性等，对污泥在流化床中的燃烧过程进行微观分析。     

煤泥和煤矸石混烧技术在循环流化床锅炉上的应用

总结了在 130t/h循环流化床锅炉上进行煤泥、煤矸石混合燃烧的试验成果 ,探讨了循环流化床锅炉燃烧煤泥、煤矸石的机理 ,确定了循环流化床锅炉掺烧煤泥的最佳方式及应采取的有效措施 ,指出了煤泥、煤矸石混烧过程中存在的问题     

污泥流化床焚烧技术的研究及应用

在综述国内污泥处理现状的基础上，结合一系列污泥在流化床中的能量利用、结团特性及燃烧过程等基础及中试研究结果，研究开发出污泥流化床焚烧新技术。结果表明，污泥水分将使污泥能量利用率降低；污泥的结团性能有利于在流化床中的焚烧，良好的结团特性有利于流化床的稳定运行和减少飞灰损失，流化床焚烧处理技术可实现低污染焚烧的目的。     

国内煤泥燃烧循环流化床锅炉研究现状

文中重点阐述了国内煤泥循环流化床锅炉的研究进展及现状,并结合煤泥在循环流化床锅炉中的燃烧特性,分析了煤泥的主要给料燃烧方式以及纯烧煤泥的循环流化床锅炉的技术特点,对我国纯烧煤泥的循环流化床锅炉的大型化具有一定的指导意义。     

污泥在流化床中的焚烧特性研究

本文研究了高水分、低热值的污泥在流化床中的结团特性、着火特性。考察了床温、污泥水分、辅助燃料、给料粒径、流化风速对污泥结团的影响，比较了多种不同污泥的结团情况，并运用中间相理论对污泥结团机理作了初步分析。试验结果对于污泥流化床焚烧的基础理论和应用研究都有着重要意义。     

煤泥循环流化床锅炉设计中的问题及对策

分析煤泥的特点,结合循环流化床技术的特性,指出纯烧煤泥存在的问题和循环流化床锅炉的解决对策。实践证明用循环流化床锅炉燃烧煤泥是合理可行的。     

电站循环流化床锅炉中的洗煤泥输送关系设计

该对洗煤泥在电站循环流化床锅炉中的燃烧特性及输送系统的设计进行了介绍,并对洗煤泥输送系统提出建设性意见,可供同类工程设计参考。     

循环流化床锅炉飞灰残碳的生成及其处理

循环流化床燃烧技术因其众多的优点得到广泛应用,但是在运行中普遍存在着飞灰含碳量远远高于预期的问题。影响飞灰含碳量的主要因素包括:煤指标、煤的结构和焦炭反应活性、给煤粒径以及循环流化床的结构和其它运行参数等。目前,降低飞灰含碳量的方法有:飞灰再循环、加强二次风刚性和调整床压降等。实验表明,在低风速条件下,可以将飞灰中的残碳充分燃尽。另外,高压静电分离和飞灰水活化团聚也都为飞灰残碳的利用提供了新思路。     

煤泥流化床燃烧脱硫试验研究

以石灰石为脱硫剂,通过大型流化床试验台研究了钙硫比,脱硫剂粒度、床层温度等参数对煤泥流化床燃烧脱硫效率的影响,为实现煤泥流化床洁净燃烧提供依据。     

基于灰颗粒的物理特性为分类原则的试验研究

循环流化床(CFB)锅炉炉内的燃烧及传热与炉内床料的状态密切相关,而炉内床料主要是由燃煤含有的矿物组分经过燃烧、爆裂和磨耗过程形成的。文中对6种煤样在固定床燃烧后,使用可视化显微仪,获取了灰颗粒的微观形貌特征,根据灰颗粒的机械强度和耐磨性能的不同,将灰颗粒定义为3类不同性质的灰。以此为基点,采用固定床燃烧后冷态振动筛分和流化床实验台热态流化后筛分的方法,研究了不同燃烧温度下升温速率对灰颗粒粒径变化的影响,以及不同燃烧温度下燃烧时间对灰颗粒粒径变化的影响,推演了不同煤样在燃烧过程中的演化特征。结果表明:3类灰颗粒在不同的燃烧温度和时间的演化过程存在明显的不同,从而为预测循环流化床中的床料粒径分布提供了理论依据。     

Case studies––Problem solving in fluidized bed waste fuel incineration

Fluidized bed combustion technology has been widely used as the new, flexible, multi-fuel boiler for waste combustion and energy recovery from low grade fuels. However, problems such as low thermal efficiency, high emissions, bed agglomeration etc. are still encountered in the operation of fluidized beds. Valuable experiences were gained from two case studies recently conducted regarding wastes combustion in industrial scale fluidized beds.In the first case, the performance of a fluidized bed combustor for energy recovery from oil sludge was evaluated during the commissioning trials. Apart from the sludge characterization and bed material analysis, the combustion efficiency, solid flow balance and on stack emission of CO, SO_x and NO_x were investigated, as well as the fluidization quality. Although the system was operated with good combustion efficiency (>99.9%), sulfur dioxide emission (>1000 ppm) was found to be substantially higher than the allowable discharge limit. It was recommended to increase the limestone feed rate in order to meet the SO₂ emission standard, and subsequently, installation of a cyclone is suggested to remove the potentially significant increase in ash and fine particles.The second case study focused on the bed agglomeration observed in a fluidized bed incinerator where a burning blend of three wastes (i.e. carbon soot, biosludge and fuel oil) is involved. To understand the mechanisms and related chemistry, several analytical approaches are employed to identify the bed materials (fresh sand and degrader sand) and the clinkers formed from full scale incinerator tests. The formation of clinker is believed to follow the mechanism of partial melting and/or reactive liquid sintering. The effects of temperature and blending ratio are tested in a muffle furnace. Carbon soot is believed to be more susceptible than the other two fuels. Thermodynamic multi-phase multi-component equilibrium (TPCE) calculations predict that the main low melting point species are predominant under the oxidizing condition, suggesting that reducing conditions might be favorable to restrain bed agglomeration. This study provides valuable information for better understanding of the chemistry related to clinker formation; it also helps in developing methods for control and possible elimination of the bed agglomeration problem for the design fuels.     

Experimental research on agglomeration in straw-fired fluidized beds

Agglomeration is a major problem in straw combustion in a fluidized bed. This paper presents the results of rice straw combustion experiments carried out under different operating conditions in a bubble-fluidized bed (BFB). The influences of bed material size and type, feeding mode, temperature, and fluidization number on agglomeration were discussed, and the mode of alkali accumulation in the bed was analyzed. The results indicated that low bed temperature, short fuel in-bed residence time, high fluidization number, and small bed material particles are conducive to agglomeration prevention. Successful extended combustion in a small BFB and in a bench-scale circulating fluidized bed was carried out without agglomeration under selected parameters. This work suggests the possibility for combusting high-alkali straw using fluidization technology.     

流化床-煤粉复合燃烧锅炉的炉膛传热计算方法

针对流化床－煤粉复合燃烧锅炉的特点,在综合考虑流化床、火焰和受热面之间换热的基础上,推导了流化床－煤粉复合燃烧锅炉炉膛传热计算的基本方程,得到了复合燃烧锅炉炉膛传热计算的零维模型半径验法。以某７５ｔ／ｈ树皮流化床－煤粉复合燃烧锅炉为例,进行了炉膛传热计算。图１表６参５     

Sewage sludge combustion

In the current review paper, various issues related to the combustion of sewage sludge are discussed. After briefly explaining the formation and treatment of sewage sludge, current and future sludge production are discussed. Thereafter, the four sludge disposal methods which are currently used, i.e. recycling in agriculture, landfilling, dumping into sea and incineration, are examined, and the future trend presented showing the increasing role of sludge incineration. Thereafter, technologies for thermal processing of sewage sludge are presented. They are discussed in three groups, i.e. mono-combustion, co-combustion and alternative processes. Various mono-combustion incinerators, including multiple hearth, fluidized bed and smelting furnaces are briefly discussed, whereas for co-combustion, attention has been given to co-combustion with coals in pulverized and fluidized bed coal combustors, as well as co-incineration with municipal solid wastes in various furnaces. Where possible, data from large scale plants are presented. Currently being discussed in the sludge disposal cycles are the alternative thermal processes to sludge combustion. These include wet oxidation, pyrolysis, oil from sludge processes, and combinations of pyrolysis, combustion and gasification processes. Some of these alternative technologies are also briefly discussed. An important aspect during thermal processing of sewage sludge is its combustion mechanisms. Compared to coals, sewage sludge has very high contents of moisture and volatile matter which can affect the combustion process. The importance of the drying and devolatilization processes for sewage sludge combustion is thus examined. In a special case, the release and combustion of the volatiles during sludge combustion in fluidized bed combustors is analysed, and some information concerning the combustion of sludge char is presented. Another important issue of sludge combustion is the emissions of pollutants gases as well as the handling of solid by-products. Of concern include the heavy metals, mercury, dioxins and furans, acid gases, as well as NO_x and N₂O. These are also briefly discussed. A peculiar characteristic of sewage sludge is its high content of nitrogen, and attention has been given to see how this affects the N₂O and NO_x emissions. In a special case, emission performance of large scale combustors of sewage sludge is presented.     

不同煤燃烧方式多环芳烃生成特性的研究

研究比较了不同煤燃烧方式多环芳烃生成特性。固定床煤燃烧多环芳烃生成随温度升高出现了先增加后减少的趋势，流化床煤燃烧多环芳烃生成随温度升高而增加。流化床煤燃烧多环芳烃生成量要少于固定床燃烧方式，总量上低1～2个数量级。固定床燃烧(管式炉等)PAHs低温由热解生成，高温由前驱物生成。流化床燃烧PAHs低温由高环芳香性物质的热分解和缩聚反应生成，高温由小分子烃类的聚合。图12表1参13