养殖水体氨氮去除的固定化微生物技术

应用固定化技术 ,将富集培养的硝化活性污泥制成固定化小球 ,对固定化小球在不同条件下其硝化活性的影响进行了研究 ;同时 ,采用摇瓶试验比较了固定化小球和悬浮硝化活性污泥对养鳖污水氨氮的处理效果。结果表明 ,固定化小球具有明显抗不利因素的能力 ,降解氨氮的效率稳定 ,对养殖污水氨氮的生物处理具有一定的效果。     

海藻酸钠添加硅藻精土固定化耐低温硝化细菌

运用海藻酸钠添加硅藻精土的方法,将低温下驯化成熟的硝化污泥制成固定化小球,研究了低温条件下固定化小球对氨氮的去除效果,实验结果表明:海藻酸钠+硅藻精土固定化小球对生活污水的氨氮去除率最终可达到80%左右。     

固定化活性污泥球形颗粒的制备及其性能实验

本文以海藻酸钠和聚乙烯醇(PVA)为包埋剂,并适当添加粉末活性炭和硅藻土作为吸附剂探讨了固定化活性污泥球形颗粒的制备过程.继而以餐厅废水为实验用水对所制备的4种固定化小球进行了性能实验,结果表明:含活性炭配方的固定化活性污泥小球兼有包埋法和吸附法的双重特性.是较理想的固定化微生物形式.     

固定化尖镰孢菌去除水中蒽的试验研究

采用聚乙烯醇（PVA）-累托石复合载体包埋固定蒽高效降解菌（尖镰孢菌），用于去除水中的蒽，考察了pH值、蒽初始浓度、固定化尖镰孢菌用量及双氧水浓度对固定化尖镰孢菌除蒽效果的影响。结果表明，当蒽的初始浓度为40mg／L时，在pH值为7～8、固定化尖镰孢菌小球用量为8％～10％、双氧水浓度为20～50mg／L的条件下，可取得较好的去除效果。与未包埋尖镰孢菌的小球相比，固定化尖镰孢菌小球对水中的蒽有较强的去除能力，二次使用时，固定化尖镰孢菌小球对水中的蒽仍具有较好的去除效果。     

内聚营养源固定化SRB去除硫酸盐和铬的研究

内聚营养源生物固定化技术对于缺乏营养源、存在重金属污染风险的水源地水质安全保障具有独特的意义。以聚乙烯醇和海藻酸钠为交联剂,制备内聚蔗糖、葡萄糖、正丙醇、乙酸钠为营养源的固定化硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)小球。在Cr~(6+)初始浓度为100 mg/L、SO_4~(2-)初始浓度为200mg/L的条件下,探讨不同内聚营养源对固定化SRB小球去除Cr~(6+)和SO_4~(2-)效果的影响。结果表明:内聚蔗糖、葡萄糖、正丙醇、乙酸钠的固定化硫酸盐还原菌能得到较好的Cr~(6+)和SO_4~(2-)去除效果,对Cr~(6+)的最大去除量分别达到333.74、297.14、289和260.54μg/g,对SO_4~(2-)的最大去除量分别达到1 553.60、1 375.64、1 374.46和1 267μg/g。固定化小球去除Cr~(6+)和SO_4~(2-)的最适营养源为蔗糖,其对Cr~(6+)和SO_4~(2-)的最高去除率分别达到99.89%和98.65%。小球内羟基化合物、碳酸氢根离子和硫酸盐成分及其反应效果影响了内聚营养源包埋小球对Cr~(6+)和SO_4~(2-)的去除。     

采用海藻酸钠固定化微生物技术处理甲醇废水

将海藻酸钠固定化活性污泥制成颗粒小球,以流化床反应器对甲醇废水进行处理.试验结果表明:在溶解氧为6.6～6.9 mg/L的条件下,固定化小球与废水的体积比为30:1 000,温度为30-40 oC,pH值为5.0～9.0是最佳的工况.在此条件下,当进水COD<722.2 mg/L,进水甲醇<307.4 ms/L时,对COD的去除率>85%,对甲醇的去除率可达到90%左右.     

固定化细胞技术在废水处理中的应用

介绍了固定化细胞技术,综述了近年来固定化细胞的制备方法、固定化细胞的反应特性,对采用细胞固定化技术处理各种废水的一些实验模拟进行了简要的论述,并指出了今后的研究方向。     

固定化细胞技术在废水处理中的应用研究进展

介绍了固定化细胞技术的概念、固定化细胞的制备方法以及固定细胞的载体,得出了固定化细胞技术具有活性高、可反复利用和对有毒物质抵抗能力强等优点,可用于处理含氮废水、重金属废水和难降解有机废水的结论.     

木薯固定化酵母酒精发酵技术的研究进展

现有的研究表明,木薯固定化酵母酒精发酵技术生产酒精相对于游离酵母发酵具有明显的优越性。本文综述了木薯固定化细胞酒精发酵技术的研究进展,主要包括菌种,载体的选择,酵母固定化方法,固定化酵母生物反应器以及木薯固定化酵母酒精发酵工艺等。     

阳光总在风雨后——酵母细胞固定化实验教学探索过程中的苦与乐

文章作者叙述了自己在酵母细胞固定化实验教学过程中遇到的困惑,以及如何解决的思路和体验,以期为酵母细胞固定化实验教学提供借鉴,在实验教学探索过程中收获成长。     

包埋固定化SBR反应器同步脱氮试验研究

通过在SBR反应器中装填吸附型微生物固定化填料和包埋固定化细胞,形成不同形式的序批式固定化微生物反应器,以人工模拟废水为处理对象,较系统地考察了进水氨氮浓度(C/N比)、运行周期及微生物固定化方式等因素对同步硝化反硝化的影响.     

Horseradish peroxidase immobilized on aluminium-pillared inter-layered clay for the catalytic oxidation of phenolic wastewater

Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was successfully immobilized on aluminum-pillared inter-layered clay (Al-PILC) to obtain enzyme-clay complex for the treatment of wastewater polluted with phenolic compounds. The immobilized HRP exerted a perfect phenol removal by precipitation or transforming to other products over a broader pH range from 4.5 to 9.3. The addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG) could significantly enhance the phenol removal efficiency, and reduce the amount of immobilized enzyme required to achieve a high removal efficiency of over 90%. When the mass ratio of PEG/phenol and the molar ratio of hydrogen peroxide/phenol were 0.4 and 1.5, respectively, the oxidation of phenol could be completed within short retention time after the initiation of reaction in the absence of buffer. HRP immobilized on Al-PILC had better storage stability compared with free enzyme. However, the re-usability of the immobilized enzyme was not very satisfactory. In the fourth repeated test, the immobilized enzyme lost its catalytic performance. Further research should focus on the improvement of re-usability.     

Microbial degradation of quinoline by immobilized cells of Burkholderia pickettii

A quinoline-biodegrading microorganism was isolated from activated sludge of coke-oven wastewater treatment plant using quinoline as sole carbon and nitrogen source. It is a gram negative, rod-shaped and aerobic strain, which was identified as Burkholderia pickettii. The biodegradation of quinoline was carried out with this isolated strain. Analysis by high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrum (GC/MS) revealed that 2-hydroxyquinoline (2-OH-Q) was the first intermediate in the course of quinoline biodegradation. A novel immobilization carrier, that is, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-gauze hybrid carrier, was developed. The isolated strain was immobilized by two different immobilizing techniques and used for the quinolinerdegradation. It was found that biodegradation rate of quinoline by the microorganisms immobilized on PVA-gauze hybrid carrier was faster than that by the microorganisms immobilized in PVA gel beads. Kinetics of quinoline biodegradation by cells of Burkholderia pickettii immobilized on PVA-gauze hybrid carrier was investigated. The results demonstrate that quinoline degradation could be described by zero-order reaction rate equation when the initial quinoline concentration was in the range of 50-500 mg l(-1).     

Characteristics of and selection criteria for support materials for cell immobilization in wastewater treatment

For treatment of wastewater with immobilized cells, support materials need to meet the following criteria: insoluble, not biodegradable, high mechanical stability, high diffusivity, simple immobilization procedure, high biomass retention, minimal attachment of other organisms and preferably a low cost price. In order to compare which support materials are the most suitable, characteristics of several natural and synthetic materials have been determined. For this, both literature and experimental data were used. The immobilization procedures of natural gel materials, like alginate and carrageenan, are mild and cells grow well in these supports. Furthermore, the effective diffusion coefficients of substrates are close to those in water. These supports, however, appeared to be soluble, biodegradable and liable to abrasion. Synthetic gels, on the contrary, have better mechanical properties, but mostly lower substrate diffusion coefficients. Immobilization conditions are less mild resulting in low biomass retention. For application of entrapped nitrifying cells in wastewater-treatment systems synthetic gels, however, are promising.     

Biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in an immobilized cell airlift bioreactor

An "immobilized cell airlift bioreactor", was used for the aerobic bioremediation of simulated diesel fuel contaminated groundwater and tested with p-xylene and naphthalene in batch and continuous regimes. The innovative design of the experiments consists of two stages. At the first stage "immobilized soil bioreactor" (ISBR) was used to develop an efficient microbial consortium from the indigenous microorganisms, which exist in diesel fuel contaminated soil. The concept of ISBR relies on the entrapment of the soil particles into the pores of a semi-permeable membrane, which divides the bioreactor into two aerated and non-aerated portions. The second stage involves inoculating the "immobilized cell air lift bioreactor" with the cultivated microbial consortia of the first stage. Immobilized cell airlift bioreactor has the same configuration as ISBR except that in this bioreactor instead of soil, microorganisms were immobilized on the fibers of the membrane. The performance of a 0.83 L immobilized cell airlift bioreactor was investigated at various retention time (0.5-6 h) and concentrations of p-xylene (15, 40 and 77 mg/L) and naphthalene (8, 15 and 22 mg/L) in the continuous operation. In the batch regime, 0.9L bioreactor was operated at various biodegradation times (15-135 min) and concentrations of p-xylene (13.6, 44.9 and 67.5 mg/L) and naphthalene (1.5 and 3.8 mg/L). Under the conditions of the complete biodegradation of p-xylene and naphthalene, the obtained volumetric biodegradation rates at biomass density of 720 mg/L were 15 and 16 mg/L h, respectively.     

固定化微生物强化生物滤池处理硝基苯和苯胺废水

利用复合微生物菌群BCP35,对自制的大孔功能化载体FPU进行微生物的固定化,并与厌氧生物滤池和好氧生物滤池联用处理含高浓度硝基苯和苯胺的废水,研究了固定化微生物强化生物滤池处理污染物的运行效果、硝基苯和苯胺的降解特征,比较了固定化微生物和游离态微生物的除污性能,同时分析了载体上微生物的状态和生物量.结果表明,固定化微生物强化生物滤池工艺对硝基苯、苯胺具有很好的去除效果,对硝基苯和苯胺的降解率可分别达到99.8%和99.9%;同时生物滤池还对污染物浓度变化具有较强的抗冲击负荷能力;与游离态微生物相比,固定化微生物在去除COD、硝基苯、苯胺等方面更具优势;生物滤池内的微生物浓度较高,可达到38g/L.     

固定化微生物抗Cr~(6+)毒性能力及其去除特性研究

采用固定化微生物SBR反应器和普通活性污泥SBR反应器处理投加了Cr^6＋的生活污水,考察了固定化微生物去除COD及Cr^6＋的能力及抗毒性,并对除铬机理作了初步探讨。结果表明：在保证对COD的去除率较稳定的条件下,固定化微生物与普通活性污泥所能承受的Cr^6＋浓度分别为70mg／L和1．9mg／L;污泥对Cr^6＋有很强的吸附及还原能力,反应器中的Cr^6＋最终主要以Cr^3＋的形式通过排放剩余污泥而被去除;在进水Cr^6＋浓度〈70mg／L时,两个反应器中的微生物对铬的吸附基本符合Langmuir吸附等温式,这种吸附作用和微生物的量有关。而和微生物活性的关系不大。该方法为重金属废水的生物处理开辟了新思路。     

Removal of pesticides in water by microbial cells adsorbed to magnetite

The removal of lindane (γ-isomer of 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane), 2.4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) and 2,4,5-T (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid) from water by microbial cells immobilized on magnetite was studied. The removal of lindane by cells of a yeast, two bacteria and an alga ranged from 29 to 57%. A bacterium, Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides had the highest sorption factor. No effect of pH in the range pH 4.0–8.0 on sorption of lindane by this bacterium was found. Sorption of lindane by R. sphaeroides reached equilibrium after 1 min. Sorption of lindane by live cells was not significantly different from sorption by heat killed cells. Four sorption stages employing fresh cells of R. sphaeroides on magnetite removed 90% of the lindane from a water sample. Magnetite alone removed 70% of the lindane in the four stage process.During a mixing period of 1 h, cells of Alcaligenes eutrophus removed 81%, 2,4-D; 21.4% lindane and 12.6% of the 2,4,5-T added to water samples. A mixture of A. eutroplus and R. sphaeroides cells immobilized on magnetite removed 76.4%, 2,4-D and 33% lindane from water samples containing the two pesticides.     

Nitrification via microorganism‐immobilized media using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)

This study was conducted to investigate the nitrification of wastewater using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) media immobilized with nitrifying bacteria. The microorganism‐immobilized media used in this study was prepared by mixing 10% (v/v) PVA, 6% (v/v) polyethylene glycol (PEG) and nitrifying microorganism culture solution. Analysis revealed that the nitrification rate when using the microorganism‐immobilized media increased to 49.1, 80.0 and 83.9% as the filling rate increased to 5, 15 and 25%, respectively. The mass transfer rate of the prepared microorganism‐immobilized media was estimated to be 37.69 mg/L·h maximum. The respiration rate was measured in order to compare with the microorganism‐immobilized media and the conventional biological treatment process of anaerobic‐anoxic‐oxic (A₂O). Respiration time of sludge and the media were similar, but the respiration rate of the microorganism‐immobilized media (initial 20.8 mg O₂/(L·h)) was higher than that of the activated sludge (initial 12.4 mg O₂/(L·h)).