高清立体视频的传输失真估计模型

针对高清立体视频序列分辨率大、宏块信息量少以及网络传输易出现差错的特点,提出一种能够估计高清立体视频端到端传输的失真模型。该模型能够考虑到丢包对后续帧的错误扩散以及立体视频左右视点帧之间的时空相关性,采用递归算法准确地估计失真,并运用时域帧拷贝的错误隐藏方法降低解码端的复杂度。仿真结果表明,失真模型的平均预测误差能控制在6%以内,对于不同特性和分辨率的立体视频序列,在不同网络环境下传输失真估计均有一定的适用性。     

On sufficient dimension reduction for proportional censorship model with covariates

The requirement of constant censoring parameter β in Koziol-Green (KG) model is too restrictive. When covariates are present, the conditional KG model (Veraverbekea and Cadarso-Suárez, 2000) which allows β to be dependent on the covariates is more realistic. In this paper, using sufficient dimension reduction methods, we provide a model-free diagnostic tool to test if β is a function of the covariates. Our method also allows us to conduct a model-free selection of the related covariates. A simulation study and a real data analysis are also included to illustrate our approach.     

一种用于类测试的改进型EFSM模型

扩展有限状态机(EFSM)中迁移存在前置条件和相应操作,而前置条件和相应操作中变量的相互依赖性导致了EFSM中存在不可达路径,不利于基于EFSM模型的类的测试。通过把UML状态图转换成EFSM模型,提出一种消除EFSM模型不可达路径算法,从而建立一种用于面向对象软件的类测试模型,通过该模型可以应用传统的数据流和控制流分析技术对类进行测试。     

模型修正的正交模型-正交模态改进法

正交模型-正交模态法（CMCM）是一种参数修改的新方法,它具有不依赖于灵敏度分析、不需要进行迭代的特点.但是在有限元存在整体建模误差时,该方法会出现无法完成修正计算的情况,本文针对此问题进行了改进.改进后的方法可以既可以处理存在局部建模误差的情况,也可以处理存在整体建模误差的情况.本文通过梁式结构的数值算例,比较了原修正方法（CMCM）、改进后的修正方法（ICMCM）以及商业软件模型修正FEMtools的修正效果.结果表明：改进的正交模型-正交模态方法可以使分析频率更好地逼近实验值,物理参数的修改也更加准确.     

An improved likelihood model for eye tracking

While existing eye detection and tracking algorithms can work reasonably well in a controlled environment, they tend to perform poorly under real world imaging conditions where the lighting produces shadows and the person’s eyes can be occluded by e.g. glasses or makeup. As a result, pixel clusters associated with the eyes tend to be grouped together with background-features. This problem occurs both for eye detection and eye tracking. Problems that especially plague eye tracking include head movement, eye blinking and light changes, all of which can cause the eyes to suddenly disappear. The usual approach in such cases is to abandon the tracking routine and re-initialize eye detection. Of course this may be a difficult process due to missed data problem. Accordingly, what is needed is an efficient method of reliably tracking a person’s eyes between successively produced video image frames, even in situations where the person’s head turns, the eyes momentarily close and/or the lighting conditions are variable. The present paper is directed to an efficient and reliable method of tracking a human eye between successively produced infrared interlaced image frames where the lighting conditions are challenging. It proposes a log likelihood-ratio function of foreground and background models in a particle filter-based eye tracking framework. It fuses key information from even, odd infrared fields (dark and bright-pupil) and their corresponding subtractive image into one single observation model. Experimental validations show good performance of the proposed eye tracker in challenging conditions that include moderate head motion and significant local and global lighting changes. The paper presents also an eye detector that relies on physiological infrared eye responses and a modified version of a cascaded classifier.     

A parallel data assimilation model for oceanographic observations

In this paper we describe the development of a program that aims at achieving the optimal integration of observed data in an oceanographic model describing the water transport phenomena in the Agulhas area at the tip of South Africa. Two parallel implementations, MPI and OpenMP, are described and experiments with respect to speed and scalability on a Compaq AlphaServer SC and an SGI Origin3000 are reported. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An internal model principle is necessary and sufficient for linear output synchronization

Output synchronization of a network of heterogeneous linear state–space models under time-varying and directed interconnection structures is investigated. It is shown that, assuming stabilizability and detectability of the individual systems and imposing very mild connectedness assumptions on the interconnection structure, an internal model requirement is necessary and sufficient for synchronizability of the network to polynomially bounded trajectories. The resulting dynamic feedback couplings can be interpreted as a generalization of existing methods for identical linear systems.     

Adaptive RBF-PIDSMC control method with estimated model parameters for a piezo-actuated stage

Microsystem Technologies - The aim of this work is to find an adaptive control scheme to realize precise position tracking for a piezo-actuated stage, which is usually very difficult to control due...     

An improved finite-element contact model for anatomical simulations

This work focuses on the simulation of mechanical contact between nonlinearly elastic objects, such as the components of the human body. In traditional methods, contact forces are often defined as discontinuous functions of deformations, which leads to poor convergence characteristics and high-frequency noises. We introduce a novel penalty method for finite-element simulation based on the concept of material depth, which is the distance between a particle inside an object and the objects boundary. By linearly interpolating precomputed material depths at node points, contact forces can be analytically integrated over contact surfaces without raising the computational cost. The continuity achieved by this formulation reduces oscillation and artificial acceleration, resulting in a more reliable simulation algorithm.     

An improved bias-compensation approach for errors-in-variables model identification

Parametric estimation of the dynamic errors-in-variables models is considered in this paper. In particular, a bias compensation approach is examined in a generalized framework. Sufficient conditions for uniqueness of the identified model are presented. Subsequently, a statistical accuracy analysis of the estimation algorithm is carried out. The asymptotic covariance matrix of the system parameter estimates depends on a user chosen filter and a certain weighting matrix. It is shown how these can be tuned to boost the estimation performance. The numerical simulation results suggest that the covariance matrix of the estimated parameter vector is very close to the Cramér-Rao lower bound for the estimation problem.     

An improved equation model for the train movement

In this paper, a new term is introduced into the equation of train movement, which is about the influences of the safety stopping distance and stations on the motion of train, when there are many trains on the line. The aim is that the improved equation can well describe the motion of train under the moving block condition. In order to test the improved model, we use a simulation analysis approach to solve a simplified form of the improved equation model. In the simulations, we investigate the space–time diagram for the railway traffic flow and the trajectories of the train movement. The numerical simulation results demonstrate that the improved model can well describe the dynamic behaviour of the train movement under the moving block condition. Some complex phenomena of train movement can be well reproduced but more work is required for a full simulation of the general model.     

Modified AIC rule for model selection in combination with prior estimated noise models

In this paper we adapt the AIC model selection rule to be used in combination with prior estimated noise models in the presence of model errors. It is shown that under these conditions a slightly modified cost function extension is needed, resulting in a multiplicative complexity term instead of an additive one as would be found for fixed noise models and no model errors. The equivalency of this result with the classical prediction error framework is discussed.     

An improved parameter identification approach for piecewise affine model

This study proposes a high-efficient approach to identify the piecewise affine (PWA) model. The proposed approach constitutes two major steps, initial estimation and refinement process. In the initial estimation, Hough Transform (HT) is adopted to generate a group of submodel candidates; then a variable-threshold technique is applied to pick up the real submodel. In the refinement process, not only the distance constraint between data points and submodel's hyperplanes but also the clustering constraint between data points in regression regions are considered. An efficient algorithm is presented to alternately refine the submodel's parameters and the subregression sets. In the case study, the proposed approach is used to identify the fault model of the track circuit in high-speed railway. Analysis shows that the proposed approach has linear time complexity and exhibits superior data availability in small-sample case.     

On an improved model reduction technique for nonlinear systems

An algorithm is presented for reducing the number of terms in a nonlinear static system which can be modeled by a linear combination of nonlinear functions. The method is an improvement over a previously presented algorithm (Desrochers and Saridis, 1980a). The improvements now make it possible to perform all calculations from a single set of input and output data while in the original algorithm n sets of data were required where n is the number of terms retained. In addition, it is shown how the model error can be calculated at each iteration which relieves the arbitrariness of stopping the algorithm at a preselected value of n as was done originally. Then the insight gained from this improved technique is used to develop an optimal solution to the model reduction problem, a major improvement over the original technique. It is then conjectured that some structural concepts for such systems may exist in a matrix formed from the input and output data.     

一种适用于井下人脸跟踪的改进主动形状模型

针对煤矿井下光照变化较大、矿工脸部受污染及遮挡等情况下主动形状模型(ASM)应用于井下人脸跟踪精度低的问题,提出了一种改进ASM。首先选用专用的训练样本集,通过定义镜像图像形成镜像样本集,然后对镜像样本集进行对数尺度化处理,并用相关块模型作为ASM的学习模型进行训练。实验结果表明,改进ASM能有效提高煤矿井下人脸跟踪精度。     

一种改进的HEMS家电最优调度方法

在现有的家庭能量管理系统(Home Energy Management System,简称HEMS)的基础上增加分布式储能模块组成新的HEMS,并在此基础上提出了一种改进的基于0-1线性整数规划方法的家电最优调度模型。通过此调度模型,用户可以根据各自需求分别实现用电费用最省、用电费用最省同时兼顾满意度,或者二氧化碳排放最小的目标。该调度模型无论是在目标函数还是在约束条件上都采用线性化表示的方法,在使用极短的调度时间的同时能够保证调度结果是最优结果。最后通过仿真实验验证了提出方法的有效性以及验证了所提方法能够很好的应对电力公司的削峰填谷要求,具有重要的实际应用价值。实验结果表明,所提方法能够比以往相关研究取得更好地节约费用、减少二氧化碳排放的效果。     

Transforming powerlist-based divide-and-conquer programs for an improved execution model

Powerlists are data structures that can be successfully used for defining parallel programs based on divide-and-conquer paradigm. These parallel recursive data structures and their algebraic theories offer both a methodology to design parallel algorithms and parallel programming abstractions to ease the development of parallel applications. The paper presents a technique for speeding up the parallel recursive programs defined based on powerlists. The improvements are achieved by applying transformation rules that introduce tuple functions and prefix operators, for which a more efficient execution model is defined. Together with the execution model, a cost model is also defined in order to allow a proper evaluation. The treated examples emphasise the fact that the transformation leads to important improvements of the programs. The speeding up is achieved by reducing the number of recursive calls, and also by enable the fusion of splitting/combining operations on different data structures. In addition, enhancing the function that has to be computed to other useful functions using a tuple, could improved the cost reduction even more.

     

一种改进的短文本流主题演化模型

在线主题模型基于先时间离散后主题建模的思想,存在文本流切分带来的模型无法平滑过渡的问题,同时时间片大小的选择对在线话题的抽取质量影响显著。提出了一种新的在线短文本流主题演化模型Online-BTOT。模型在遗传计算方法上进行了改良,不仅考虑时间片上的总体主题强度对遗传权重的影响,也将时间片上主题强度的变化纳入先验参数的计算中。同时,为了得到主题强度在时间片上的连续变化和克服短文本的稀疏性,在单时间片上结合了TOT模型和BTM模型。通过在微博短文本语料上与OLDA模型和OBTM模型的对比实验,证明Online-BTOT模型能够有效地分析在线短文本流的主题演化。     

An improved entropic lattice Boltzmann model for parallel computation

In this paper, we suggest two kinds of approximation methods based on Taylor series expansion which can solve the non-linear equation in entropic lattice Boltzmann model without using any iteration methods such as Newton–Raphson method. The advantage of our methods is to be able to avoid the load imbalance in parallel computation which occurs due to the differences of iteration number on each calculation grid. In this study, ELBM simulations using our methods were compared with those using Newton–Raphson method for the channel flow past a square cylinder in Re = 1000 and the validity of the results and computational effort were investigated. As a result, it was found that the solutions obtained by our methods are qualitatively and quantitatively reasonable and CPU time is shorter than those obtained by Newton–Raphson method.