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为研究人工砂取代河沙制备自密实混凝土的可行性及掺粉煤灰的影响,设计了10组配比,并通过试验比较了2种自密实混凝土的性能。结果表明,人工砂配制自密实混凝土,不仅和易性满足要求,且各龄期强度、抗渗性及抗氯离子渗透性能均优于同水胶比的河沙自密实混凝土;同时粉煤灰掺量不宜超过37%。 相似文献
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特细砂混凝土的力学性能及抗渗性能研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对特细砂混凝土力学性能及抗渗性能进行了试验研究。结果表明:砂率、水胶比、粉煤灰掺量和减水剂掺量对特细砂混凝土抗压强度均有一定的影响,尤其是粉煤灰掺量和减水剂掺量间存在一定交互作用;一定试验条件下,砂率和粉煤灰掺量分别为21%和20%时,特细砂混凝土抗渗性能最佳。 相似文献
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工程在昼夜温差大、低温环境条件下施工,极易造成处于初凝或养护期混凝土早冻,导致混凝土性能损伤和使用寿命降低问题。为此,根据现场环境改变水胶比和粉煤灰掺量,开展室内模拟试验,探究早冻混凝土耐久性衰减规律并进行使用寿命预测。试验结果表明:随着冻融次数的增加,不同水胶比和粉煤灰掺量对混凝土孔隙分布及耐久性能影响显著;水胶比越大,混凝土内部孔隙越大,抗压及抗冻耐久性能降低;粉煤灰掺量越大,混凝土内部更加密实,抗压及后期抗冻耐久性能提高。根据威布尔模型寿命预测可知,水胶比小、粉煤灰掺量大的混凝土寿命周期长。为改善早冻混凝土的耐久性,建议水胶比选为0.35,粉煤灰掺量选为20%。 相似文献
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寒冷地区的混凝土面板堆石坝在经历长期冻融作用后,其面板渗透性逐渐增大,从而影响大坝安全稳定。为此,通过解决冻融作用下混凝土表面不平整等问题,利用Autoclam渗透性测试仪测试了不同水胶比、掺粉煤灰以及引气剂下混凝土渗透性随冻融次数的变化规律。结果表明,不同水胶比混凝土的渗透系数随冻融次数的增加均呈指数增长趋势,水胶比较小的混凝土其渗透系数增长的最缓慢;高冻融循环次数后,同时掺粉煤灰和引气剂对增强混凝土的抗渗性效果最明显。此外,还探究了冻融条件下混凝土渗透性与其抗压强度之间的相关性。 相似文献
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根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。 相似文献
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The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects. 相似文献
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Samples were taken year-round at eleven sites along the altitudinal profile (2900-1400 m a.s.l.) of the Gunnison River, a 329 km tributary of the Colorado River, to document the distribution of the Plecoptera and to evaluate responses to hypolimnial-release dams in the headwaters and middle reaches. Twenty-two species were present, with the greatest species richness occurring in an unregulated segment upstream of the middle reach dams; average nymphal biomass over the study period (175 organisms, 395 mg dry mass m?2) was also greatest in this segment. Only four species (58 organisms, 48 mg m?2) were present in the tailwaters of the headwater dam and values were greatly reduced (nine species; 35 organisms, 180 mg m?2) below the middle reach dams. The stonefly community recovered ca. 80 km downstream from the last dam (15 species; 244 organisms, 250 mg m?2), apparently in response to natural resetting of environmental conditions corresponding to those above the middle reach dams. At the most downstream site (11) only four species (four organisms, 16 mg m?2) were present. The observed distributional pattern is a classic serial discontinuity in response to hypolimnial stream regulation in a temperate latitude river. 相似文献
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In the lower River Murray, Australia, populations of gastropods have declined markedly over the past 40 years. Of the native fauna of about 18 species, only the ancylid Ferrissia petterdi remains common (but in patches), and another five species feature in sporadic local resurgences. Until recently the viviparid Notopala was thought to be extinct. The introduced physid Physa acuta is widespread, but in low numbers. The decline probably is associated with flow regulation, high turbidity and the introduction of common carp. Snail populations have persisted, however, in irrigation pipelines fed from the river, where they periodically cause blockages. This paper reports the discovery of the only known populaion of Notopala hanleyi in a pipeline where the inner wall accumulates microbial and other organic matter, providing high quality food for snails. In the Murray before regulation most of the periphytic biomass was probably microbial, as fluctuating water levels would have maintained littoral communities in a highly productive, early state of succession his postulated that, by stabilizing seasonal water levels, regulation has promoted the production of filamentous green algae, an inferior food source, and so displaced snail populations from the open aquatic environment. 相似文献
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V. K. Konovalov O. V. Yashkin V. V. Ermakov 《Power Technology and Engineering (formerly Hydrotechnical Construction)》2008,42(2):105-109
A system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash is examined, in which air pulses act on batches (pistons) of ash formed
in a duct. Studies are made of the effect of several physical parameters on the force required to displace a piston of ash
and these serve as a basis for choosing a system for removal and pneumatic transport of ash simultaneously from several hoppers
of an electric precipitator. This makes it possible to separate the ash particles according to size without introducing additional
components. Formulas are given for calculating the structural and dynamic parameters of this system and measurements of indirect
dynamic parameters are used to calculate the input-output characteristics of the system. In order to optimize the system,
configurations for summing several ducts into a single transport duct for pneumatic ash transport are proposed. Some variants
of dry ash utilization and the advantages of producing of size-separated particles are considered.
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Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 2, pp. 26–30 (2008). 相似文献
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Peter B. Bayley 《河流研究与利用》1991,6(2):75-86
The ‘flood pulse advantage’ is the amount by which fish yield per unit mean water area is increased by a natural, predictable flood pulse. Evidence for this increase is presented from tropical and temperate fisheries. It is argued that increasing multispecies fish yield by restoring the natural hydrological regime is consistent with increasing production of other trophic levels and with restoration from ecological and aesthetic viewpoints. When applied to a river-floodplain system, this restoration would provide a large, self-sustaining potential for recreation, commercial exploitation, and flood control. An interim ‘natural flood pulse’ restoration approach is proposed for systems modified for navigation. This approach approximates the natural hydrological regime in a river reach and is intended as a first step in the long process of restoring the watershed. 相似文献