Ti49.2Ni50.8合金在等径角挤压过程中Ti3Ni4析出相的演化规律

采用透射电子显微镜研究Ti49.2Ni50.8合金中Ti3Ni4析出相在等径角挤压及中间退火过程中的演化规律.固溶态Ti49.2Ni50.8合金在450℃时效处理10～60 min以获得尺寸为37～75 nm的Ti3Ni4析出相.在450℃等径角挤压处理1道次后,时效处理10 min和30 min试样中Ti3Ni4析出...     

Multiple-stage transformation behavior of Ti49.2Ni50.8 alloy with different initial microstructure processed by equal channel angular pressing

Multiple-stage transformation of Ti_49.2Ni_50.8 alloy processed by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) was investigated as a function of pass number and aging treatment before ECAP. When the pass number is no more than four passes, three stage transformation, namely A→R, R₁→M₁ and R₂→M₂, occurs in the as-ECAP processed alloy initially aged at 450 °C for 60 min. Only the A→R→M forward transformation occurs provided that the aging duration was decreased/increased to 10/600min. The transformation sequence was discussed based on the microstructure evolution of as-ECAP processed alloy with different initial microstructure and pass number.     

Martensitic transitions and mechanical spectroscopy of Ni50.8Ti49.2 alloy containing hydrogen

Hydrogen additions [n_H=H/(Ni+Ti)=0.003; 0.008; 0.013; 0.021; 0.029; 0.045 at.] to a Ni_50.8Ti_49.2 alloy produce several effects in the elastic and anelastic properties of the material. At temperatures between 100 and 150 K hydrogen atoms act as fixed pinning points for dislocations, as they cancel a newly observed dislocation relaxation. At low H contents (0<n_H≤0.008) the internal friction peak P_AM (P_RM) associated with austenite/martensite (A→M) or R-phase/martensite (R→M) transitions dramatically increases with increasing the H content, while the dip occurring in the Young's modulus (E) vs temperature curves becomes gradually wider and shallower. The enhancement of peak P_AM (P_RM) can be accounted for in terms of a mechanism involving the excitation of collective vibration modes (dyadons) of twin boundaries interacting with H or the stress-induced motion of parent/product interfaces. The widening of the dip in the Young's modulus is due to the introduction by H of a two-step transition (A→R→M). With increasing the H content n_H from 0.008 to 0.045 the height of peak P_AM (P_RM) decreases and a higher temperature peak (P_H) appears and progressively grows becoming the only internal friction feature for n_H=0.045. With increasing H content the thermal hysteresis in the E(T) curves occurring over the coexistence region of the A and M (R and M) phases decreases due to the inhibition caused by H of the martensitic transition. Peak P_H is most likely associated with stress-induced motion of H in solid solution within the R-phase or within a hydride.     

热处理制度对Ti49.2Ni50.8合金内耗性能的影响

利用X射线衍射、扫描电镜和倒置低频扭摆仪研究了不同热处理状态Ti-50.8%Ni(摩尔分数)合金的低频阻尼性能.结果表明:固溶处理试样只存在马氏体相变内耗峰,而时效处理试样中既有马氏体相变内耗峰,也发现有R相变内耗峰,相变内耗峰均对应弹性模量极小值,相变内耗峰与频率成反比;在时效处理试样中,马氏体相和R相的阻尼性能高于母相(B2);时效处理对马氏体相变有抑制作用;在400℃时效的TiNi合金中,于200K左右处发现内耗峰,随着频率的增加,低温内耗峰向高温方向运动,此内耗峰与时效析出的Ti3Ni4粒子钉扎位错有关,用钉扎位错脱钉的G-L模型解释了低温内耗峰,此内耗峰的脱钉既包括机械脱钉,也包括热激活脱钉.     

矫直温度对Ti-50.8Ni超弹性丝材相变行为及力学性能的影响

采用示差扫描量热仪(DSC)、拉伸试验及透射电镜研究了不同矫直温度对Ti-50.8Ni超弹性合金丝材相变特性、超弹性及微观结构的影响。结果表明,冷矫态合金丝材冷却/加热时的相变类型为A→M／M→A,而温矫态及热矫态合金丝材冷却/加热时发生A→R→M／M→A（A―母相,R―R相,M―马氏体）型相变;冷矫态合金丝材组织择优取向性强,位错密度高,亚晶界弯曲模糊;而热矫态合金丝材缺陷密度最低,亚晶界平直清晰,超弹性最好。分析认为,应力、位错密度对Ti-50.8Ni超弹性合金丝材的相变特性及超弹性有重要的影响。     

Ti600高温钛合金的力学性能

研究Ti600高温钛合金经过不同退火制度处理后的显微组织和力学性能。结果表明:Ti600合金具有良好的热稳定性,片层组织可以获得强度与塑性的良好匹配,蠕变性能优异。随着退火温度的升高,合金的强度升高,合金经过双重退火后的强度高于一次退火的强度。     

Effect of Aging Treatment on Superelasticity of a Ti48.8Ni50.8V0.4 Alloy

In this study, effect of aging treatment on microstructure, deformation behavior, and superelasticity of Ti_48.8Ni_50.8V_0.4 alloy was investigated. After aging at 400?°C for 30?min, Ti₃Ni₄ precipitates formed. With increasing aging temperature from 300 to 450?°C, the yield strength of reoriented martensite increased due to the strengthening effect of Ti₃Ni₄ phase, thus improved the shape recovery ratio and reduced the stress hysteresis. Further increasing the aging temperature, the size of Ti₃Ni₄ precipitates increased and the coherency between precipitate and matrix gradually lost, leading to the decreasing yield strength of reoriented martensite and shape recovery ratio. Simultaneously, the stress hysteresis increased resulting from the hinder of plastic deformation to the interfacial movement during phase transformation. The critical stress to induce martensitic transformation continuously decreased with increasing aging temperature.     

Mechanical properties of highly porous Ti49.5Ni50.5 biomaterials

Ti_49.5Ni_50.5 shape memory alloy fibers were prepared by a melt overflow process. The martensitic transformation starting temperature of B2 → B19′ in the rapidly solidified fibers was 19 °C. Cylindrical billets of Ni-rich Ti–Ni alloy with 75% porosity were produced by a vacuum sintering technology using as-cast alloy fibers. The mechanical properties and shape memory properties of the highly porous Ti–Ni alloy is investigated using a compressive test. The plateau of the stress–strain curve was observed at about 7 MPa and resulted in 8% elongation associated with stress-induced B2 → B19′ transformation. Because of the high porosity of this specimen, the elastic modulus of about 0.95 GPa could be obtained. It was also found that a recovered strain was 5.9% on heating after the compressive deformation. This recovery of the length is ascribed to the shape memory effect which occurs during the martensitic transformation.     

Ti17合金电子束焊接接头的力学性能

通过室温拉伸试验、室温缺口拉伸、室温冲击试验以及金相分析对Ti17合金电子束焊接接头的显微组织和室温力学性能进行了研究.试验结果表明:用电子束焊方法焊接Ti17合金可获得室温性能良好的焊接接头,其接头的抗拉强度不低于母材,焊缝的缺口敏感系数均小于1,焊缝具有较高的冲击韧度.焊缝区组织与母材组织基本相同,都是α相上分布着沿晶界及晶内析出的细针状β相,焊缝区的晶粒度要比母材的晶粒度粗大.     

超声波作用下双辊铸轧镁合金板带材的力学性能和成形能力

研究了超声波对双辊铸轧的Mg-3wt%Al-1%Zn-0.8?-0.3%Mn合金板带材组织和性能的影响。实验结果表明：超声波辅助镁合金的铸轧可以提高镁合金带材的强度、延伸率和极限深拉比值,在250℃镁合金带材的极限深拉比值可以达到2.16。这些镁合金力学性能和成形能力的提升是由于超声波铸轧过程中,超声波可以细化镁基体的晶粒尺寸,并同时对合金中的Mg17(Al,Zn)12和AlCeMn相起到变质作用。当超声波强度达到800W时,镁基体的晶粒尺寸可以从150μm细化到30μm,而且针状的AlCeMn相可以被变质成球状,从而提高了镁合金的力学性能和成形能力。     

Mechanical and functional behavior of a Ni-rich Ni50.3Ti29.7Hf20 high temperature shape memory alloy

The mechanical and functional behaviors of a Ni-rich Ni_50.3Ti_29.7Hf₂₀ high temperature shape memory alloy were investigated through combined ex situ macroscopic experiments and in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction. Isothermal tension and compression tests were conducted between room temperature and 260 °C, while isobaric thermomechanical cycling experiments were conducted at selected stresses up to 700 MPa. Isothermal testing of the martensite phase revealed no plastic strain up to the test limit of 1 GPa and near-perfect superelastic behavior up to 3% applied strain at temperatures above the austenite finish. Excellent dimensional stability with greater than 2.5% actuation strain without accumulation of noticeable residual strains (at stresses less than or equal to −400 MPa) were observed during isobaric thermal cycling experiments. The absence of residual strain accumulation during thermomechanical cycling was confirmed by the lattice strains, determined from X-ray spectra. Even in the untrained condition, the material exhibited little or no history or path dependence in behavior, consistent with measurements of the bulk texture after thermomechanical cycling using synchrotron X-ray diffraction. Post deformation cycling revealed the limited conditions under which a slight two-way shape memory effect (TWSME) was obtained, with a maximum of 0.34% two-way shape memory strain after thermomechanical cycling under −700 MPa.     

V和Cr对Ti-Ni超弹性合金相变和形变特性的影响

用示差扫描量热仪和拉伸实验研究了V、Cr和退火温度对Ti-50.8Ni(原子分数, %)超弹性合金相变和形变特性的影响. 350-550℃退火态Ti-50.8Ni合金冷却/加热时发生A R M 两阶段可逆相变(A-母相,R-R相,M-马氏体).随退火温度升高,合金的 R 和 M 相变温度θR和θM先升高后降低, M 相变热滞△θM持续降低, R 相变热滞△θR基本不变.加入0.5%V后,合金的相变类型和△θR、△θM基本不变,θR、θM降低;加入0.3%Cr后,相变类型和△θR基本不变, △θM增加, θR和θM大幅度降低.400℃退火态Ti-50.8Ni合金的超弹性应力和应变分别为473 Mpa和6.4%,加入0.3%Cr后,合金的超弹性应力增加到620 Mpa,超弹性应变减小到3.5%;加入0.5%V后,超弹性应力和应变分别减小到388 Mpa和4.9%.当退火温度由400℃升至500℃后,3种合金的超弹性应力均减小.     

Ti（50）Ni（47）Fe3形状记忆合金冷轧变形后的组织与性能

采用拉伸测试、维氏硬度测试、电阻率-温度曲线测试及扫描电镜和透射电镜观察显微组织的方法研究冷轧变形量为25%的Ti50Ni47Fe3合金经450-750°C下1 h退火后的显微组织和性能。结果表明,冷轧变形增强了合金的抗拉强度和屈服强度,冷轧变形后形成的应力场有助于R相变的发生。随着退火温度的升高,合金的抗拉强度和屈服强度下降,伸长率增大;当退火温度高于650°C时,强度和伸长率趋于稳定。电阻-温度曲线表明,在升、降温过程中发生两阶段相变B2-R-B19′。随着退火温度的升高,合金的相变温度降低;当退火温度高于650°C时,相变温度趋于稳定。随着退火温度的升高,合金依次发生回复、再结晶和晶粒长大。     

Transformation behavior and mechanical properties of a nanostructured Ti−50.0Ni(at.%) alloy

Transformation behavior, the shape memory effect and the superelasticity of an equiatomic 40% cold worked Ti−Ni alloy followed by annealing at various temperatures have been investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), transmission electron microscopy, thermal cycling tests under constant load and tensile tests. The B2-R-B19 transformation occurred in all samples, and the R-B19’ transformation occurred in a wide temperature range. The B2-R transformation start temperature kept constant with raising annealing temperature. The average grain size increased from 23 to 80 nm with raising annealing temperature from 523 to 673 K. Transformation hysteresis increased rapidly with raising annealing temperature up to 623 K, above which they almost keep constant, which was ascribed to the small grain size and large constraints of grain boundaries.     

Microstructure and magnetic properties of Ti/Ni/Ti in dependence on Ni layer thickness

The films of Ti(15 nm)/Ni(t nm)/Ti(15 nm)(t=20, 30, 40, 50) were prepared by dc magnetron sputtering at room temperature and subsequent annealing at 400 ℃ for 30 min. Scanning probe microscope (SPM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were applied to study the magnetic properties and microstructure. AFM images show that small and uniform grains and some clusters appear with the increase of Ni thickness, also MFM images show that the size of domain first decreases and then increases. The coercivity reaches the maximum 48 kA·m-1 at t=30 nm. The XRD profiles show stronger fcc (111) orientation peak of Ni and weak hcp structure peaks of Ni3Ti. This results reveal that the crystal lines have the prefer orientation and achieve the ordered.