铀水冶厂计量与自动控制的探讨

本文讨论了铀水冶厂的生产、经营、管理的计量检测,最高计量标准的建立,计量对企业所产生的效果;通过对508铀水冶厂的最基本最关键的自动化环节的改造与提高,一方面作为经验献给铀水冶事业,另一方面则反映了（或部分地反映了）目前我国铀水冶自动化的水平。同时也可作为我国铀水冶厂今后设计的参考。     

CO2+O2地浸采铀饱和树脂酸化技术与应用

介绍了CO₂+O₂地浸采铀和酸法地浸采铀的水冶回收工艺,依据新疆某地浸铀矿山的铀矿水冶工艺现状,提出将CO₂+O₂地浸采铀工艺下饱和树脂纳入酸法地浸水冶回收系统进行处理的酸化工艺。分析了CO₂+O₂浸出工艺下碳酸铀酰型饱和树脂的酸化转化机理,开展了以酸法水冶系统中淋洗剂、转型剂、洗涤合格液为酸化剂的搅拌浸泡试验。结果表明,酸法水冶系统中的洗涤合格液是符合工艺要求的酸化剂,可充分利用洗涤合格液中的剩余酸度对碳酸铀酰型饱和树脂进行转化,并将转化后树脂对铀的吸附容量由74.71 g/L提高至76.73 g/L,实现了与酸法水冶系统再饱和树脂的共同淋洗和转型。     

铀矿石的破碎磨矿设备

引言铀矿石的破碎磨矿及固液分离是铀水冶厂的重要组成部分,它们对铀水冶厂的整个运行费用有很大的影响。合理的选择破碎磨矿及固液分离工艺的参数和设备是提高铀水冶厂生产能力,降低生产成本,增加铀回收率的有效途径。因此,铀矿加工技术人员对铀矿浸出前的矿石准备及浸出矿浆的固液分离和洗涤工序做了不少工作并取得了一些成     

退役水冶厂的煤油中有钋-210污染

【美国《保健物理》1990年4月号第519页报道】近年来,美国进口大量铀,导致了本国铀价的猛跌。在美国,除少数铀矿山还在继续生产外,大多数的铀水冶厂已被迫关闭或半停产。阿纳康达矿业公司于1982年关闭了它的兰水铀水冶厂。现在该公司不想再坐等铀市场状况的好转,已作出了水冶厂     

某铀矿山和水冶厂生活区辐射剂量的初步估算

前言我们所观测的某铀厂矿是已投产十年的铀矿山和水冶厂的联合企业。对矿井下和水冶厂各车间的放射性水平已经积累了不少数据,但对附近生活区人员的辐射剂量水平情况仍不够清楚。为了了解这方面的情况,自1977年起在过去历年常规监测的基础上,扩大了监测项目和范围,先后对厂矿附近生活区的地表γ照射量率、表面放射性沾染、空气中放射性气溶胶、氡浓度及其子体α潜能值,以及土壤、水和食品中放射性水平进行了调查研究,并对生     

过一硫酸——一种用于铀矿石浸出的氧化剂

澳大利亚的纳巴勒克铀水冶厂已建成一条生产过一硫酸的生产线,以生产浸出铀矿时所需要的氧化剂。众所周知,北美和法国的铀水冶厂一般是应用氯化钠作氧化剂,而澳大利亚和南非却用软锰矿作氧化剂,此两种氧化剂都有不足之处。如应用软锰矿时,     

核燃料的生产概况

文中比较系统地介绍了从铀矿石提取钝铀化合物以及生产金属铀的整个生产过程;着重叙述有关二氧化铀、金属铀的制备方法。此外对浓缩铀的处理,以及铀合金、铀的金属陶瓷体的制备方法也作了一些介绍。作为远景发展的核燃料——钍,本文只简单地提一提。     

海水提铀研究

海水提铀是能源开发的重要途径之一。本文就吸附法海水提铀的三个主要环节——吸附剂研制、吸附工程以及解吸和分离提纯作一概括性介绍。 吸附剂制备是海水提铀的关键。我们对水合氧化钛、氢氧化铝和有机508树脂三种类型吸附剂的表面性质和结构与吸铀性能的关系进行了探讨。同时对潮汐法吸附工程以及解吸和分离提纯工艺作了尝试,并对海水提铀工业化的前景提出了初步的看法。     

科技书讯

为了及时交流科技信息,促进国内科学技术与生产的发展,更好地为祖国四化建设服务,核工业北京化工冶金研究院《湿法冶金》编辑部,近年来先后编辑、出版发行了《黄饼和铀氟化物的生产》、《1983年国际溶剂萃取会议译文集》、《离子交换技术》、《铀提取工艺新进展》和《黄金冶金》五本书。目前,我部尚有部分余书,供读者选购。 (1)《黄饼和铀氟化物的生产》一书系统地阐述了由黄饼(铀浓缩物)生产核纯六氟化铀的工艺流程、生产技术和实践经验、详细地介绍了溶解、萃取纯化、脱硝、还原、氢氟化、氟化等主要工艺过程及有关设备。此     

美国铀生产方法的演变

【西德《核化学冶金公司市场报告》1990年3月号第6页报道】典型的常规铀生产方法是用地下或露天采矿法开采矿石,然后送往水冶厂用碱法或酸法提取铀。1970年,美国几乎100%的铀实际上都是这样生产的;但到了1989年,只有59%的铀是这样生产的。1989年末,实际上只有三座水冶厂在     

Extraction of uranium from solutions and pulps

Extraction processes are finding increasing application for the processing of uranium from raw materials. The high selectivity and the fluid aggregate state of the extraction agents give this method advantages over the previously known processes.This article gives data on the extraction of uranium from sulfate, nitrate, chloride and phosphate solutions and pulps, most frequently encountered in the hydrometallurgy of uranium. The extraction agents suitable for industrial use are the esters of carboxylic acids, the esters of phosphoric and phosphinic acids and also liquid cationexchange materials and anion-exchange materials, in a number of cases (in the exraction of uranium from colored solutions) have advantages over solid ion exchange materials. A system is described for the extraction of uranium from dense ore pastes.     

Sorption-Extraction Processes in Uranium Hydrometallurgy: Processing of Monometallic Uranium Ores

The method used to develop sorption-extraction processes in uranium hydrometallurgy over the last 50 years is examined. The first-generation sorption-extraction processes, ionites, and apparatus are described. Data for the second-generation sorption-extraction technology and improvement of apparatus are generalized.The third generation of these processes is characterized by the adoption of porous anionites AM-p and AMP-p in order to make the kinetic characteristics of the sorption and extraction processes closer to one another, by sorption leaching of uranium ores, and by adoption of double synergetic mixtures of extracting agents at the stage of repurification of the commercial reclaim and by the development of fast sorption processes for extracting uranium from productive solutions used in mound and underground leaching. The fourth-generation processes are characterized by the use of high-volume vinyl pyridine ionites, tertiary synergetic mixtures at the extraction stage, combined extraction-desorption processes, solid-phase regeneration of saturated ionites, and conversion of absorbed anions of uranyl-trisulfate into nitrate and chloride complexes. 1 figure.     

Application of sorption and solvent extraction processes in the hydrometallurgy of uranium

This article is a review of those reports presented at the Second International Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy (Geneva, 1958) which dealt with sorption- and solvent-extraction processes in the hydrometallurgy of uranium. It is shown that these methods have been adopted on a relatively wide scale in the industries of the USA. The various forms of application of sorption are discussed, particularly the new processes of uranium recovery by sorption from pulp. Two main classes of extraction solvents are considered: organophosphorus compounds and amines, and the influence of various factors on solvent-extraction processes is also discussed. Examples are given of the application of sorption and solvent-extraction processes in ore-processing plants, and general conclusions are drawn.     

化学当量法研究季铵型树脂在含铀酰的硫酸盐溶液中的吸附平衡

关于强碱性季铵型阴离子交换树脂在铀酰的硫酸盐溶液中吸附平衡的研究,虽然有不少报道。但是,对于组成接近铀水冶条件的溶液中吸附平衡的研究是相当不充分的。本文采用化学当量法研究了上述树脂在这种溶液中的吸附平衡。 强碱性季铵树脂从铀酰的硫酸及硫酸钠溶液中吸附UO_2(SO_4)_3~(4-),UO_2(SO_4)_2~(2-),SO_4~(2-)及HSO_4~-四种离子。我们用硝酸钠溶液将它们一起洗脱下来,测定相应组分的含量。由于     

The use of ion-exchange membranes in the hydrometallurgy of uranium

Electrodialysis with ion-exchange membranes is important in chemistry, chemical technology and hydrometallurgy as a basic operation which eliminates the usual chemical neutralization and makes it possible to remove excess acidity and alkalinity, to separate mixtures of elements whose properties are similar and to extract radioactive products from waste waters.This paper considers the possibilities of using the method of electrodialysis in the hydrometallurgy of uranium. It is shown that this method can remove excess acidity from sulfate, nitrate and chloride solutions. The method of electrodialysis is also used to remove ions from carbonate uranium solutions.     

海水提铀用偕胺肟基聚合物研究进展

偕胺肟基聚合物是海水提铀用吸附最有效的材料之一。按偕胺肟基聚合物的制备方法即单体共聚法、聚合物改性法、聚合物共混法为线索进行了综述,描述了海水提铀材料中偕胺肟基聚合物的研究现状,提出了以绿色天然原料为基材,具有更高机械强度、高吸铀量、高选择性的吸附剂是今后海水提铀用偕胺肟基聚合物的重要研究方向。     

辐照铀元件溶解液中钼的放化分离

研究了草酸对α－安息香肟－ＣＨＣｌ３萃取＾９９Ｍｏ和＾９５Ｚｒ－＾９５Ｎｂ的影响，寻找了最佳Ｍｏ萃取率和＾９５Ｚｒ－＾９５Ｎｂ去污因数的实验条件。提出了在ＨＮＯ３介质中使用α－安息香肟萃取Ｍｏ的分离程序，可从辐照铀元件溶解液中分离Ｍｏ。     

未来海水提铀的前景规划与展望

作为核电运行最重要的核燃料,铀资源的安全供应是保障我国核电可持续发展的关键,海水提铀对于保障我国核能的可持续发展具有重要而长远的战略意义。随着海水提铀技术的不断更新和发展,海水提铀研究工作面临新的机遇和挑战。本文以国内外海水提铀的研究现状为基础,提出了中国核工业集团有限公司领衔的“海水提铀技术创新联盟”关于海水提铀的前景规划与展望,指明了未来海水提铀的研究方向,为海水提铀向工业化迈进提供了技术支撑。     

海水提铀技术最新研究进展北大核心CSCD

天然铀是保障国家核能持续稳定发展的重要物质基础。海洋蕴含有丰富的天然铀资源,从海水中提取铀,对于补充完善我国铀供应体系,实现天然铀供应自主化具有重要战略意义和经济意义。本文综述了近年来海水提铀技术研究方向的最新进展。主要总结了国内外海水提铀吸附材料、海试试验等研究结果,并对未来海水提铀工程化发展进行了展望。     

ESR Dosimetry of Teeth of Residents Close to Chernobyl Reactor Accident

Sorption behavior of uranium (VI) during crystallization of amorphous iron (A.Fe) minerals to crystalline iron (C.Fe) minerals have been investigated. Two different sorption conditions are applied for the experiments. One is the condition in which uranium is sorbed on A.Fe minerals before the crystallization (dynamic condition). The other is the condition in which uranium is sorbed on the A.Fe minerals and C.Fe minerals of goethite (static condition). Associations of uranium with the iron minerals are examined by a selective extraction test using a 1 M CH₃COOK solution at pH 7, 1 M CH₃COONa solution at pH 5 (Morgan's solution), and TAO solution (10.9g.l^?1 oxalic acid+l6.1g.l^?1 ammonium oxalate).

Under the static condition, the fraction of uranium desorbed by a 1 M CH₃COOK solution at pH 7 from A.Fe minerals is lower than that from goethite. And all of uranium are desorbed by the TAO solution from both A.Fe minerals and goethite. Contrary, under the dynamic condition, fractional uranium is remained after the TAO solution extraction. The fractional uranium remained after the TAO solution extraction from the iron minerals increases with increase in the crystallinity of the iron minerals. The concentrations of uranium in the solutions are less than 1%. These show that during the crystallization of amorphous to crystalline iron minerals most of uranium associated with the amorphous iron minerals is not released into the solution, and some fractional uranium move to be fixed to crystalline iron minerals.